[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [South Indian Bronzes: A Historical Survey of South Indian Sculpture with Iconographical Notes Based on Original Sources](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915) › c8.9 # South Indian Bronzes: A Historical Survey of South Indian Sculpture with Iconographical Notes Based on Original Sources c8.9 South Indian Bronzes: A Historical Survey of South Indian Sculpture with Iconographical Notes Based on Original Sources c8.9 - **Language:** English ### [c8.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.9) A wax model of Siva-Kāma-Sundari illustrated in figure (1) was made for the writer by Guruswamy Sthapathy, a living hereditary sculptor from Swami Malai. This will help us to follow the rules and canons of imagemaking which are still followed according to the old Sanskrit texts, it being considered improper to follow any other measurements in the making of images.⁶ In the Brāmhiya, Sāraswatiya, Kāsyapiya and in the Mānasāra elaborate rules are laid down dealing with measurements of all sorts of images current in South India. The young apprentice is taught to learn by heart these formulas and he learns their practical application in the workshop of some master-sculptor probably his own father, brother or grandfather. Some times he is taught a series of versus memorialis which give in a few words the the Roman world, and the most important events of the reign of Antoninus Pius, are related by his biographer, and the reader will not be sorry to find them here in a more concise form. The reign of Antoninus Pius is marked by the rare advantage of furnishing very few materials for history; which is only another mode of saying that its happiness was complete. During the twenty-three years of his administration, the Roman empire was governed by the same invariable maxims of justice and peace. The natives of a vast extent of country were protected by the same laws, and enjoyed the same privileges. The frontiers were defended by the same legions, and the same spirit of moderation and equity prevailed in the councils of the emperor. The death of Antoninus was lamented as a public calamity; and the memory of his virtues was preserved by the gratitude of his subjects, and the imitation of his successor. - [Previous: c8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.8) - [Next: c8.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.10) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8) ## Linked texts (1) - [Mānasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.silpa.dravida.manasara) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.9) · Pramāṇa