[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Ragas and Raginis: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935) › c10.43 # Ragas and Raginis: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c10.43 Rāgas and Rāginīs: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c10.43 - **Language:** English ### [c10.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c10.43) The earliest landmark during the Moghul period is the work called Rāga-mālā by Meṣakarṇa, composed in 1509 A.D. (1431 śaka). It belongs to the period before the revival of Indian music under Akbar. A typical verse from this text describing Bhairava-rāga is translated below: - [Previous: c10.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c10.42) - [Next: c10.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c10.44) - [Up: c10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c10) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c10.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c10.43) · Pramāṇa