Ragas and Raginis: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c15.s9: Appendix 9

Rāgas and Rāginīs: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c15.s9

Language: English

Appendix 9

According to Sangīta-Ratnākara by Śārangadeva (1210-1247 A D.). He gives an historical survey of rāgas, according to Kaśyapa, Yāstika, and Matanga. He enumerates 30 grāma-rāgas, viz:—7 Śudda, 5 Bhinnakas, 3 Goudas, 8 Vesaras, and 7 Sādhāritas (Sādhārana).

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GRĀMA-RĀGAS

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ŚUDDHA

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(Of these, the first four belong to the Ṣadja-grāma, and the last three to Madhyamā-grāma.)

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BHINNAKA

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Kaiśika- Bhinna-Ṣadja Tāna Kaiśika Bhinna-Pancama Madhyama

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(Of these, the first two belong to the Ṣadja-grāma, and the three to Madhyama-grāma )

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GOUḌA

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Gouḍa-Kaiśika- Gouḍa-Pancama Gouḍa-Kaiśika Madhyama (Of these, the first two belong to Saḍjāgrāma and the last two Madhyamā-grāma)

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VESARA

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Ṭakka Vesara- Souvīra Votta Mālava- Mālava- Ṭakka- Hindola Khadava (?) Kaiśika. Pancama Kaiśika

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(Of these, the first two belong to Ṣadja-grāma, the next four to Madhyama-grāma and the last to both grāmas )

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(These 8 Vesara melodies are designated as "Rāga-gītis" by Matanga, Appedix 3.)

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SĀDHĀRITA

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Rūpa- Śaka Bham- Narta- Pancama Sadja- Kakubha Sādhārita mānā- Gāndhāra Kaiśika Pancama

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(Of these, the first three belong to Sadja-grāma, the second three to Madhyama, and the last to both gramas).

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8 UPARĀGAS

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Śaka- Takka- Kokil Reva- Pancama- Bhāvanā- Nāga- Nāgatilaka Saindhava gupta Śadava Pancama Gāndhāra Pancama

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A group of 17 Rāgas, wrongly stated to be 20 in number:

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1. Śrī-rāga
2. Naṭṭa
3. Vāngāla
4. Bhāsā
5. Madhyamaśādava
6. Rakta-hāmsa
7. Kohla-hāsa
8. Prasava
9. Bhairavadvani
10. Megha-rāga
11. Soma-rāga
12. Kāmoda
13. Abhra (Āmra)- Pancama
14. Kandarpa
15. Deśākhya
16. Kaśikakakubha
17. Naṭṭa- Nārāyana

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15 JANAKA or "PARENT" RĀGAS.

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(on the authority of Yāstika).

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1. Souvīra
2. Kakubha
3. Takka
4. Pancama (Śuddha)
5. Bhinna- Pancama
6. Takka-Kaiśika
7. Hindola
8. Bhotta
9. Mālava-Kaiśika
10. Gāndhāra- Pancama
11. Bhinna-Sadja
12. Vesara- Sādava
13. Mālava-Pancama
14. Tāna
15. Pancama-Sādabha

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APPENDIX 10.

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CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS

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According to Sangīta-samaya-sāra by Pārśvadeva (circa 1250 A.D.). (The author does not name the major melodies (janaka-rāga) but only gives a classification of the derivative rāgas, aggregating 101 rāgas. Out of these he describes 44 rāgas).

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20 RĀGANGAS

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(Sampūrna) (Sādava) (Oudava)

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Madhyamādi Śankarābharana Todāī Deśī Hindola Śuddha-vangāla Āmra-panca Ghantā-rava Gūrjari-somarāga Mālavaśrī Dīpa-rāga Varāti Gouda Deśī Dhannāsi Deśākhya Bhairava Śrī-rāga Mārga-Hindola Gunda-kī

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47 BHĀṢĀNGAS

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31 UPĀNGAS

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3 KRIYĀNGAS

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Linked texts (4)

Saṅgītaratnākara — Śārṅgadeva, Sanskrit
Kāśyapadharmasūtra — Kaśyapa, Sanskrit
Mataṅgapārameśvara — Sanskrit
Saṅgītasamayasāra — Pārśvadeva, Sanskrit