[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Ragas and Raginis: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935) › c7.26 # Ragas and Raginis: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c7.26 Rāgas and Rāginīs: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c7.26 - **Language:** English ### [c7.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c7.26) ‘Taku’, later vulgarized as ‘Taṅka’), from Takka-deśa¹ (d) Saurāṣṭrī (vulgarized in forms, such as, Suraṭhī, Suraṭ, Suraṭ-mallār) from the Saurāṣṭra-deśa and (e) Karṇāṭa (Karṇāṭī), from regions of same names. Similarly, the rāgiṇī Kāmbhojī (still surviving in the South in the popular variety known as Hari-Kāmbhojī) is derived from Kām-bhoja-deśa and the rāgiṇī Vairāṭī may have come from Berar, or Virāṭa kingdom, figuring in the epic anecdotes of Mahā-bhārata. Bhoṭṭa, a very early melody, may have come from the region of Thibet (Bhoṭṭa), just as Gauḍa (Eastern Bengal), to be distinguished from Vaṅgāla, and Gauḍī must have been melodies imported from the Eastern part of Bengal. Likewise, the melody Pauravikā (Pūravī, Pūrvī), literally meaning ‘eastern’, may have come from that region. It is quite possible that the melody known as Kakubhā derives its name from an ancient village, famous in Gupta history, as a culture-centre, ‘a very jewel amongst villages, sanctified by the habitations of sages’.² The village Kakubhā still survives under the name of Kahāyuñ, five miles to the west of the chief town of Salampur-Majhauli in the district of Gorakhpur. The rāgiṇī Khamvāvatī, an ancient melody, probably derives its name from the city of the name of Cambay; the site of the ancient city is three miles away from the modern city. The Venetian traveller, Marco Polo, in the thirteenth century, calls it “Cambat.³ According to Col. Todd, the proper Hindu name of the city, was Khambavatī, ‘the city of the pillars.’ The inhabitants write it Kambayat. It is spoken of as a flourishing city by Mas’udi who visited it in 915 A.D.’ Ibn Batuta (14th century) speaks of it as a very fine city, remarkable for the elegance and solidarity of the mosques and houses built by wealthy foreign merchants. - [Previous: c7.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c7.25) - [Next: c7.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c7.27) - [Up: c7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c7) ## Linked texts (1) - [Mahābhārata](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c7.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1935.c7.26) · Pramāṇa