[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Indian Sculpture and Painting, Illustrated by Typical Masterpieces, with an Explanation of their Motives and Ideals](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908) › c8.68 # Indian Sculpture and Painting, Illustrated by Typical Masterpieces, with an Explanation of their Motives and Ideals c8.68 Indian Sculpture and Painting, Illustrated by Typical Masterpieces, with an Explanation of their Motives and Ideals c8.68 - **Language:** English ### [c8.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908.c8.68) "What Cluny and Clairvaux were to France in the Middle Ages," says Fergusson, "Nalanda was to Central India—the depository of all true learning and the foundation from which it spread to all other lands of the faithful.” The whole range of education in these great universities was schemed and co-ordinated with a breadth and largeness undreamt of in modern India. There were schools of painting, sculpture, and handicrafts as well as of mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and other sciences; at Nalanda religion and philosophy were taught from a hundred chairs. Not less greatly planned were the equipment and environment of the colleges. Hiuen Thsang, who resided at Nalanda for several years, says it was “an enchanting abode.” It had been in existence for seven centuries when he visited it. Six successive Indian kings had devoted their pious efforts to building and adorning it. The last one reorganised the work of his predecessors, opened a number of halls for conferences, and surrounded the whole convent with a single wall. One gate opened into the great college which the Chinese pilgrim thus describes : - [Previous: c8.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908.c8.67) - [Next: c8.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908.c8.69) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908.c8) ## Linked texts (1) - [Nālandā](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.nalanda) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908.c8.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.havell-1908.c8.68) · Pramāṇa