[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c11.s3.23 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c11.s3.23 Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c11.s3.23 - **Language:** English ### [c11.s3.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c11.s3.23) Map annotations: TO RLY. STA STŪPA. 3 STŪPA. 2 STŪPA. 1 5 OUTER FORTIFICATION 600m INNER FORTIFICATION 450m ENT. 1 ENT. 2 BHĪMA DEEP WATERS STREAM SHIRVĀL GHĀT 4 3 1 2 - [Previous: c11.s3.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c11.s3.22) - [Next: c11.s3.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c11.s3.24) - [Up: c11.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c11.s3) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c11.s3.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c11.s3.23) · Pramāṇa