[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c16.s1.8 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c16.s1.8 Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c16.s1.8 - **Language:** English ### [c16.s1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s1.8) The whole area is dotted with rather barren and rocky hills. The hills are of granite with bluish and gray to rich golden brown. Many boulders weigh hundreds of tons. In places, huge rocks stand deliberately poised one upon another and they form quite impassable stone screens. On the sides of these hills and along the low ground between them, there are the fortified enclosure walls of the old city, which are often in several lines, one behind the other. - [Previous: c16.s1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s1.7) - [Next: c16.s1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s1.9) - [Up: c16.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s1) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s1.8) · Pramāṇa