[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c16.s3.3 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c16.s3.3 Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c16.s3.3 - **Language:** English ### [c16.s3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s3.3) According to Abdul Razak (Sewell,R., 1962, P.89-91) "the city was enclosed by 7 fort walls. In the open areas, in between the first 5 fortifications from the outer most, were mainly fruit gardens such as Banana etc. flower gardens of rose, Jasmin etc., besides some parts were under cultivation. The remaining areas were thickly populated by the artisans, the craftsmen, the village industrialists, the merchants, the sportsmen, the astrologists and other scholars. In particular, in the area between second and third of the inner most forts, were soldiers, priests and men of elite-class. There were many religious and secular buildings of high order". - [Previous: c16.s3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s3.2) - [Next: c16.s3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s3.4) - [Up: c16.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s3) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c16.s3.3) · Pramāṇa