[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c18.s3.t2.9 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c18.s3.t2.9 Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c18.s3.t2.9 - **Language:** English ### [c18.s3.t2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c18.s3.t2.9) "Outside the rampart, passage (Fig. 84) for movements shall be closed for forming obstructions such as knee breakers '\Jānubhangani\', a trident mounds of earth pits, wreaths, thorns, instruments made like tail of a snake, palm leaf, dogs teeth, rods, ditches filled with thorns and covered with sand frying pans and water pools, i.e. square at bottom, oval at the centre, pressed by the tramplings of elephants and bulls, and planted with thorney and poisonous plants in bushes. Gaps in the rampart shall be filled with fresh earth. - [Previous: c18.s3.t2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c18.s3.t2.8) - [Next: c18.s3.t2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c18.s3.t2.10) - [Up: c18.s3.t2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c18.s3.t2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c18.s3.t2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c18.s3.t2.9) · Pramāṇa