[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c21 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c21: Glossary of Terms Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c21 - **Language:** English ### Glossary of Terms ### [c21.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.1) Glossary of technical terms for different parts of forts, for weapons and masonry material, found in early Kannada literature and inscriptions as compiled by Dr. Betageri Krishnasharma, and Dr. Chidananda Murthy, M., in their works \Kannadigara Kote Keloga\ and \Kannada Sasanagala Samskritika Adhyayana\ : "Yuddha Kale", respectively. ### [c21.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.2) Ambugandi : Loophole ### [c21.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.3) Adhiraj : Chakraverti or Monarch ### [c21.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.4) Arogallu : Grinding stone ### [c21.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.5) Agala : Moat ### [c21.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.6) Addavalage : A wooden plank to cross the moat. ### [c21.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.7) Bhata : Soldier ### [c21.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.8) Bhōri : War Drum ### [c21.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.9) Baku : A kind of sword ### [c21.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.10) Beddara : Shield ### [c21.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.11) Beesuvale : A net of rope to capture the soldiers ### [c21.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.12) Boggu Kahale : Horn like bugle ### [c21.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.13) Beervagga : A rope to throw and capture ### [c21.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.14) Berke : A mixer or grinder of lime-mortar. ### [c21.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.15) Birikoradu : Hard log ### [c21.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.16) Baldole : Heavy beam ### [c21.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.17) Chaturanga : Ancient army consisting Ratha,Gaje Turaga and Padati ### [c21.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.18) Chōrakandi : Passage for escape at the time of defeat and danger. ### [c21.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.19) Denkani : Flat post ### [c21.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.20) Darwaza : Gate ### [c21.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.21) | Daude | : | War instrument of high order, bent towards ground at the time of wars. | | Dundubhi | : | War drum | | Dhakke | : | Dhakne | | Dasi | : | Peg | | Gala | : | Net | | Gula | : | Armour of war elephant | | Gegge | : | Means to cross moat, made of main bamboos rope. | | Havinahelige | : | Box containing poisonous snakes. | | Iṣṭhika | : | Brick | | Harige | : | Sharp instrument for cutting | | Hare | : | Crow bar | | Jali | : | Net | | Jodu-savaga | : | Foot wears | | Jottige | : | Fasten the neck of horse to yoke | | Javadade | : | Mouth of Yama death | | Kudure gandi | : | A passage where horses drink water. | | Kaigatti | : | A hand swor^d or dagger | | Khandeya | : | A sort of sword | | Karachuri | : | A dagger | | Kaisuragi | : | A hand knife | | Kombugatti | : | Horn shaped sword | | Kuppusa | : | Jacket made of iron mesh | ### [c21.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.22) | Karnātakas | : | Ancient terms used for Karṇāṭak Soldiers. | | Keelayudha | : | An instrument with ball and socket joint. | | Kāsuvambali | : | Boiling liquid flour | | Kāpinala | : | Watchman | | Kudiyuva Sunna | : | Boiling chunam | | Kevane | : | Swing ball | | Kavegōlu | : | Lathi or long stick | | Kaigudige | : | Dumbells | | Lāli | : | Heavy double edged weapon moving forwards and backwards | | Lāthi | : | A long stick used in wars | | Meruve | : | Watch cells for different officers in Army. | | Marulgai | : | A strong weapon used by devils | | Mūlabala | : | Heriditary Army | | Mantrālaya | : | A chamber under which political matters are discussed. | | Maijōdu | : | Armour for soldiers. | | Mandalik | : | 4th gradation among regal status | | Mandala | : | A 3rd place in ancient administrative area i.e. Grama, Nadu, Mandala and Desha. | | Mandapa | : | Pavilion | ### [c21.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.23) | Mēwala | : | The III place in the Anc. Administrative area: Grāma, Nāḍu, Maṇḍala and Dēsha | | Mahā Vādya | : | Five musical instruments, played after conquest, Sring, Tammat, Shankha, Bheri and Jayaghanta. | | Mahal | : | Palace | | Mānasāra | : | Ancient Indian Architecture treatise, written by sage Manasara. | | Mudgara | : | Wooden block | | Musala | : | Heavy wooden rod | | Mugyilattane | : | Watch tower | | Nīrugandi | : | Sweet water well | | Nunkudeli | : | Log to roll on the enemies | | Mādesāra | : | Wooden plank, scafolding to cross the moat. | | Nissāla | : | Long Trumpet | | Nulēni | : | A rope ladder or Jacob | | Nelagunna | : | Ramp hammer | | Petalu | : | Weapon moving forward and backward | | Pada | : | Base | | Panditale | : | Head of boar | | Padāti | : | Infantry | | Pallana | : | Armour of war horse | | Pāsha | : | Rope | | Padigōnte | : | Temporary fencing around the camp | ### [c21.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21.24) | Shat/øaghni | : | A weapon killing hundreds at a time | | Sara | : | Scafolding | | Saramari | : | V shaped instrument to pull down the scafolding. | | Sanjog | : | Armour of soldiers | | Senapati | : | Head of the Army | | Sthapati | : | Architect cum Engineer | | Sheeshaka | : | Helmet | | Sthirabhutakataka | : | Military Outpost | | Soratiya Katti\ | : | A kind of sword | | Talimulaveli | : | Enclosure of thorns | | Toogudimme | : | A big swinging logt to break open the fort wall by force | | Tali | : | Base of Army | | Talevarige' | : | Shield | | Tolapaude | : | An ornament of soldier, which protects his shoulders | | Tene | : | Kangura or battlements | | Valarugudige | : | Pounding log | | Yettugallu | : | A heavy round stone to roll down upon enemies | | Yerugallu | : | A ready-made stone blocks to climb up high walls or platforms | ## Linked texts (1) - [Mānasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.silpa.dravida.manasara) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c21) · Pramāṇa