[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c6.2 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c6.2 Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c6.2 - **Language:** English ### [c6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.2) | The Kāginā river forming as the natural impassable moat along the North-westerly wing of the fort wall, Maḷkhēḍ. | - | D1 | | Western gate-way of the outerfort. Above the Rāshṭrakūṭa fortificational ruins the additions and alterations made by the medieval Muslim kings, are visible, Maḷkhēd. | - | D2 | | High bulbous bastions with crenellations, Bulbous bastion is a unique feature of defensive measure in the Maḷkhēḍ fortificational walls, Maḷkhēd. | - | D3 | | Outer fortificational walls with rectangular bastions, in ruins of roughly dressed huge blocks of stones, of small rubbles and clay in hearting, Maḷkhēḍ. | - | D4 | | Gateway No. III, flanked by bastions on sides with battlements on the top, and loop-holes for shooting operation. In the place of present permanent bridge now connecting gate-ways No. II and III, there might have been a drop bridge, then, Kalyāṇa. | - | E1 | | Gate-way No. IV with bulbous arches, the crenellations over the apex point, of the Muslim period, Kalyāṇa. | - | E2 | | A general view of the 3 enclosure fortification walls in different levels. The moat skirts the II and III walls, Kalyāṇa. | - | E3 | | Gun pivoted bastions within the semi-circular hollow bastions on the II fortification wall, Kalyāṇa. | - | E4 | | A stepped well mid-way of the South wing of II fortification wall, serving as a secret passage also. Note the neat Aslar masonry work, from South, Kalyāṇa. | - | E5 | | Moat around the citadel wall, from the North, Hāngal. | - | F1 | | The brick core wall of the enclosure No. II, from South, Hāngal. | - | F2 | - [Previous: c6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.1) - [Next: c6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.3) - [Up: c6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.2) · Pramāṇa