[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981) › c6 # Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c6: List of Illustrations Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c6 - **Language:** English ### List of Illustrations ### [c6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.1) | Title | | Illn. No | | The moat and the high fort wall from West, Banavāsi. | - | A1 | | The Fort wall and the Ghat in bricks from the eastern bank of the river Varadā, Banavāsi. | - | A2 | | The Channel to feed water to the moat from the bed of the river Varadā from South-East, Banavāsi. | - | A3 | | A general view of the fort along the river Varadā, from East, Banavāsi. | - | A4 | | An entrance leading to the eastern bank of the river Bhīma from the outer enclosure, from West, Sannati. | - | B1 | | Inner enclosure wall in brick core and clay ramp on both the sides, from South, Sannati. | - | B2 | | The southern end point of the outer enclosure wall along the river Bhīma, Sannati. | - | B3 | | Outer enclosure wall in brick core and sloping clay ramp on both the sides from South-easterly end, Sannati. | - | B4 | | A general view of the fort on the North Hill, showing steep rocks, gorges, bastions, fort wall and the lower Sivalaya, Bādāmi. | - | C1 | | Gate-way No.I, leading to the fort on the North Hill, from South-West, Bādāmi. | - | C2 | | A gorge serving as passage with steps, leading further to the Gate-way No.IV inside the fort on the North Hill, Bādāmi. | - | C3 | | The Bastions and the fort-wall on the North-Hill, from south-west, Bādāmi. | - | C4 | | A small entrance to the fort built by Tippu Sultan on the southern knoll, from inside, Bādāmi. | - | C5 | ### [c6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.2) | The Kāginā river forming as the natural impassable moat along the North-westerly wing of the fort wall, Maḷkhēḍ. | - | D1 | | Western gate-way of the outerfort. Above the Rāshṭrakūṭa fortificational ruins the additions and alterations made by the medieval Muslim kings, are visible, Maḷkhēd. | - | D2 | | High bulbous bastions with crenellations, Bulbous bastion is a unique feature of defensive measure in the Maḷkhēḍ fortificational walls, Maḷkhēd. | - | D3 | | Outer fortificational walls with rectangular bastions, in ruins of roughly dressed huge blocks of stones, of small rubbles and clay in hearting, Maḷkhēḍ. | - | D4 | | Gateway No. III, flanked by bastions on sides with battlements on the top, and loop-holes for shooting operation. In the place of present permanent bridge now connecting gate-ways No. II and III, there might have been a drop bridge, then, Kalyāṇa. | - | E1 | | Gate-way No. IV with bulbous arches, the crenellations over the apex point, of the Muslim period, Kalyāṇa. | - | E2 | | A general view of the 3 enclosure fortification walls in different levels. The moat skirts the II and III walls, Kalyāṇa. | - | E3 | | Gun pivoted bastions within the semi-circular hollow bastions on the II fortification wall, Kalyāṇa. | - | E4 | | A stepped well mid-way of the South wing of II fortification wall, serving as a secret passage also. Note the neat Aslar masonry work, from South, Kalyāṇa. | - | E5 | | Moat around the citadel wall, from the North, Hāngal. | - | F1 | | The brick core wall of the enclosure No. II, from South, Hāngal. | - | F2 | ### [c6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.3) The moat around the enclosure wall No. II, from west, Hāngal. - F3 ### [c6.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.4) The brick core wall of the enclosure No. II, from North, Hāngal. - F4 ### [c6.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.5) Elegantly designed watch-tower in the Jañānā enclosure, in Indo-Saracenic style of architecture, from South-East, Vijayanagara, (Hampi). - G1 ### [c6.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.6) Bhima-gate, spanned by stone lintels supported from below by corbels in Hindu style of architecture, from south within the barbican, Vijayanagara (Hampi). - G2 ### [c6.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.7) Domed-gateway (Gumbaz Darwaza) with lintels supported from below by corbels (now in ruins) from South-East, within the barbican, Vijayanagar (Hampi). - G3 ### [c6.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.8) Domed gate-way (Gumbaz Darwaza), one of the colossal gate-ways of the fort, in Indo-Saracenic style of architecture, Vijayanagara (Hampi). - G4 ### [c6.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.9) Mohammad watch-tower with decorated crenellations on West and North, showing 3 distinct phases in construction in North-West of the Daṇḍanāyaka enclosure, Vijayanagara (Hampi). - G5 ### [c6.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.10) Fateh-gate, where the octagonal barbican is broke open for modern road, Bijāpur. - H1 ### [c6.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.11) A view of the fort-wall near the Landa quasab bastion, showing the moat, battlements, the wall-walk and the habitation area within the fort wall, Bijāpur. - H2 ### [c6.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.12) Alī-Burj: one of the strongest bastions guarding the North-eastern sector of Bijapur, from South-East. - H3 ### [c6.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.13) Makka-gate from II barbican on the South, Bijāpur. - H4 ### [c6.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.14) Sculptural depiction on the walls of Mahānavami Dibba, showing the then contemporary war animals and weapons, from South (16th century A.D.), Vijayanagara, Hampi). - 31 ### [c6.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.15) A part of Hero-stone (12th century A.D.), showing rounded, battlements, atop fort wall and the contemporary weapons, at Tara-kēśvara temple, Hāngal. - 32 ### [c6.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.16) A part of Hero-stone (12th century A.D.), showing fort, battlements and charged arrows Tārakēśvara temple, Hangal. - 33 ### [c6.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6.17) A Hero-stone (12th century) showing a robber scaling fort wall, Lakshmēsvara. - 34 --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.joshi-1981.c6) · Pramāṇa