The Buddhist Art of Gandhara: The Story of the Early School, its Birth, Growth and Decline c19: Index

The Buddhist Art of Gandhāra: The Story of the Early School, its Birth, Growth and Decline c19

Language: English

Index

c19.1

*The entries refer only to items of art-historical and iconographical interest*

Acanthus foliage, 19, 22, 24, 31, 36, 84, 106 Adoration, *see* Worship Afghānistān, 19, 64, 110, 112; *see also* Bactria, Haḍḍa Afrido-Dherī, 107 Alexandria, 19, 27 Amorini, *see* Erotes Āmrapālī, 69 Animals, 91, 93; *see also* Bullock, Deer, Dog, Elephant, Griffin, Hippocamp, Horse, Lion, Oxen, Peacock, Pig, Ram, Sea-monster Apalāla, *see* Submission of the Nāga Apalāla Aphrodite, 19, 21 Apotheosis scene, 96 Aramaic script, 2 Archaistic work, 64, 97 Architectural setting for sculptures, 44, 94-5 Ariadne, 19 Artemis, 37 *Aśvattha*, *see* Pipal Ateliers, xiv, 64, 98, 101 same atelier, 24, 34, 46, 53, 55, 62, 63, 64, 72, 79, 81, 85, 91, 101 *see also* Sculptor Athene, 52, 83 Athletic build, 36, 78, 80-1 Atlant, Kumbhāṇḍa, 10, 15, 39, 82, 105-6 Attack of Māra, 10, 47-8; *see also* Illumination Avalokiteśvara, 96

c19.3

Bactria, 5, 110, 112 Banyan (*nyagrodha*) grove, 12 tree, 14 Base of images decorated with reliefs, *see* Pedestals Bath of the Infant Buddha, 44, 46, 80 Bazin-Foucher, E., 37 Bead-and-reel, 59, 60 Berlin Museum, 47 Bhārhut, 7, 8, 9, 94 Bird, 59; *see also* Peacock Birth of the Buddha, 10, 70, 77, 78, 85; *see also* Māyā

c19.4

Bodh-Gayā, 7, 47, 94 Bodhi-temple, 12 Bodhi tree, 11, 12 Bodhisattva earliest representation, 31 image of, 25, 31 *see also* Avalokiteśvara, Buddha, Maitreya Bombay Museum, 51 Boots, high, 24-5, 36 Brackets, in stūpas, 21-3 Brāhman ascetic, 47-8, 53 Brāhmī, 2 Breasts, multiple, 37 British Museum, 23, 34, 36, 37, 72, 73, 76 Bronze, 27 Buddha ascetic, 61 (earliest representation) dress of, 42, 47, 49, 52, 68, 82-3 earliest representation as the Buddha, 25, 41, 61, 83 earliest representation as Bodhisattva, 31-2, 61 hair of, *see* Hair: ringlets image of, 7, 24-5, 46, 48 represented by symbols, 8 standing Buddha in the round, 25, 61, 83 throne of, *see* Throne youthful, 53 Bullock, 41 Buner, provenance of sculptures, 77 Buttocks, prominently developed, 19, 39

c19.5

Caddy, A. E., 42 Calcutta Museum, 38, 45, 68, 69, 70, 71, 82, 87, 89, 97, 104 Caṅkrama, *see* Promenade Caryatid, 20; *see also* Pillar Casting of images, 28-9, 111 Chakpat (Swāt), 21 Chārsada, 64, 72, 76, 92, 101 Chartres Cathedral, 82 Chiton, 18, 33, 34, 38, 47, 48, 60, 61 Chlamys, 24 Church Missionary Society, Peshāwar, 35, 36, 37, 58 Circular plan, 81

c19.6

City-goddess, see Kapilavastu Clay, 31, 109, 111 Coins, 2, 5, 41 Cole, Major, 104 Colossal statues, 30, 31, 111 Column, see Pillar Conception of the Buddha, 12 Conservatism, 64, 100 Conversion of Nanda, 89-90, 94 Corinthian capital with figure, 106 see also Shaft Corinthian pillar or capital, 35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 54, 56, 59, 73, 106, 111 Cotter, Dr, 65

c19.7

Death of the Buddha, 10, 54, 68-9, 97-8, 108 earliest representation, 49 Decorative, love of the, 93-4, 97, 107 Deer, 10, 11, 14, 91 skin, 24, 79 park, see First Sermon Deva pretty-faced, 89, 91, 102 haloed, 91 see also Devī, Winged celestials Devī, 23, 84 Dharmacakra, 9, 10, 45, 90 Dhyāni-Buddha, 102 Dionysus, 19, 26-7, 39, 83; see also Silenus Dipaṅkara Jātaka, see Jātaka Dog, see White dog barking at the Buddha Drapery folds, 74, 78, 84 falling out of the vertical, 104, 105 incised lines, 20, 21, 45, 52, 56, 58, 62, 74 modelled, 52, 55, 58, 62, 74 Dress dhoti, 23, 24, 35, 70 girdle, 20, 33, 34, 35, 38, 70 hooded mantle, 18 robe, 44-5, 47, 49, 52-3, 56, 62, 68, 101-2 Sārī, 20 scarf, 22, 23; see also Flowing scarf shawl, 22, 24, 35; see also Chlamys, Himation tunic, 24, 27, 38-9, 48, 50, 75 V-shaped, 88, 101 see also Buddha: dress of, Chiton, Drapery folds, Head-dress, Himation, Scalloped edges, Sleeves, Trousers Drinking scenes, 14, 18-19, 33-4, 38-9, 60

c19.8

Elephant, 10, 75, 77, 93, 96 Enlightenment, see Illumination Entreaty, see Incitation Eros, 83; see also Erotes Erotes (Amorini), 19, 71-2, 79, 83, 97; see also Garland Erotic scenes, 17, 18, 33 European-fashion seating, 79 Eye deep-set, 30 globular and prominent, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 52, 68-9, 71, 83-4, 104 half-closed, 83, 100, 103 long, slanting, 70, 71, 77 third eye (?), 52 wide-opened, 104; see also above: globular and prominent

c19.9

Ficus indica, see Banyan religiosa, see Pipal First Sermon, 10, 45, 52-3, 90-1 Flight from the City of Kapilavastu, see Great Departure Flowing scarf, 35, 71, 82 Fly-whisk, 42-3, 98 Folds, see Drapery folds Footprints, 8, 45 Foucart, P., 37 Foucher, A., xiii, xv, 21, 38, 40, 42, 55, 61, 66, 71, 73, 82, 84, 85, 97 n., 98, 101, 104

c19.10

Garland, 76, 95, 96 and Erotes or Amorini, 71-2, 95, 105, 106-7 Gift, see Presentation Gigantomachia, 38 Goblets of Parthian period, 34, 60 see also Vessels Gold, coinage, of the Kushāns, 2 Grand Miracle of Śrāvastī, see Śrāvastī Miracle Grape, 19 Great Departure, 86, 92, 95; see also Sleep of the Women Great Miracle of Śrāvastī, see Śrāvastī Miracle Greek artists and craftsmen, 5-6, 29; see also Imports, Western artists and craftsmen

c19.11

Greek coins, 5 Greek gods, 83 in Kushān coins, 2 see also under names of gods Greek material culture, 5 Greek town-planning, 5 Greek vessels, see Vessels Griffin, 14 Guides' Mess, Mardān, xiii, 33, 40 ff., 61, 62, 78, 102 Guimet, Musée, 38

c19.12

Hackin, J., 110 Haḍḍa, 38, 72, 94 Hair in locks, 47, 48, 54 long, 36, 37-8, 88 parted, 27, 30 plaited, 18, 20, 23, 27, 38 ringlets, 96, 100 wig-like treatment, 18, 20, 24 see also Head-dress Halo, 42, 61, 73, 75, 76, 79, 82, 92, 106 absence of, 53 haloed devas, 76, 92, 96 outsize, 56, 61, 62, 83 rayed, 104 rimmed, 56, 61, 68, 103 Hargreaves, H., xv, 65, 75 Hāritī, 84, 104-5 Harpocrates, 27 Haughton, Maj.-Gen. H. L., 75 Head-dress, 33, 55, 57, 59, 84, 86 garland, 34, 73 open-work net, 27 Parthian, 30 veil, 84 see also Hair, Parthian, Taenia, Turban, Wreath Heavens Kāmāvacara, 13 Nirmāṇarati, 13 Trayastriṃśa, 46 Tushita, 13, 57, 79, 104 Herakles type of Atlant, 82-3 Hermes, 25, 83 Herodotus, 37 Himation, 18, 33, 34, 38, 39, 48, 61, 83 Hippocamp, 17, 18 Horse, 80, 87, 92, 99

c19.13

Illumination, 10, 11, 14, 48

c19.14

Imports from the West, 26-7, 28 see also Greek artists and craftsmen Incitation, 79 Indian gods in Kushān coins, 2 see also under names of gods Indra's visit to the Buddha in the Indraśaila cave, 82, 91, 92-3 Interpretation of Māyā's dream, 42 Ionic capital, 5 Iranian gods in Kushān coins, 2 Ivory, 14, 43, 97-8

c19.15

Jamāl-Garhī, 80, 81, 82, 89 Jambu-tree, 103 Jardine, L. W., 19 Jātaka, 7, 8, 111 Dīpaṅkara, 56-7 Śyāma, 13-14, 81 Viśvantara, 11, 99 unidentified, 23

c19.16

Kābul Museum, 38 Kāfir-kot, 60 Kālika, see Prophecy of the Nāga-rāja Kālika Kamaṇḍalu, 43, 79, 103 Kāmāvacara, see Heavens Kantharos, see Vessels Kapilavastu, 12, 79 city-goddess of, 87, 92 see also Great Departure Kāśyapa, 79, 87-8, 101 Kharoshṭhī inscriptions, 19, 22, 93 Kharoshṭhī script, 2 Krater, see Vessels Kumbhaṇḍa, see Atlant

c19.17

Lahore Museum, 39, 55, 62, 83, 85, 86, 101, 103, 104 Lateran Museum, 42 Life of pleasure, 87 Limestone, 38, 109 Lion, 17, 18, 91 winged, 14 Lion-footed pedestal, 39 Local schools, see Ateliers, Provincial groups or schools Locks, see Hair London, see British Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum Loriyān Tangai, 45, 53, 71, 85, 90, 91, 94, 94n.

c19.18

Lotus, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20-1, 33, 35, 43, 59, 76, 93, 94, 95, 104

c19.19

Mahāparinirvāṇa, see Death of the Buddha Maitreya, 79, 96, 102, 103, 104 Mamāne-Dherī, 92 Mango, 69, 78, 90, 95, 96 presentation of mango-grove, see Presentation Mañjuśrī, 96 Māra, 13, 86; see also Attack of Māra, Illumination Mardān, see Guides' Mess Mathurā, 94 sandstone, 65 Māyā, 10, 21, 42, 70 dream of, 42, 74-5 Menander, conversion to Buddhism of, 4 Miracles at Kapilavastu, 12 at Rājagriha, 85 at Śrāvastī, 78 Miyān Khān, 51, 104 Modelling, careless, 28, 30 Mould, 111 not utilized, 28-9 Moustache, 23, 31, 77 on the Buddha, 91, 100 on devas, 46, 76, 91 Mucilinda, 14 Mudrā abhaya-, 77, 79 bhūmisparśa-, 48 chin-, 25 jñāna-, 25 Muhammad Nāri, 94 Musical instruments, 13, 14, 60, 74 cymbals, 72 drums, 12 harp, 91 lute, 47 lyre, 18 mandoline, 38 pan-pipes, 18 tambourine, 38 Musicians, see Musical instruments

c19.20

Nāgadanta, see Brackets Nanda, see Conversion of Nanda Narai, village (Peshāwar District), 19 Nathu, 51 ff., 68 ff., 71, 85, 104, 107 Nativity of the Buddha, see Birth of the Buddha

c19.21

Nirmāṇarati, see Heavens Nyagrodha, see Banyan

c19.22

Oxen, 103

c19.23

Palace life, see Life of pleasure Palātu-Dherī, 76 Pāñcika, 104-5 Paris, see Guimet, Musée Parthian goblet, 34, 60 Parthian head-dress, 30; see also Wreath Parthian philhellenes, xiii, 6, 19, 26 ff., 29 Peacock, 14, 91 Pedestals lion-footed, 39 as part of the scene above it, 104-5 of statues, decorated with scroll pattern, 102; with reliefs, 67, 100, 101, 103 Persepolitan pattern, 47 Persepolitan pillar, 38, 74-5 Perspective, disregard of laws of, 57, 69, 71, 75-6 Peshāwar, 72 Peshāwar Museum, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 59, 84, 103, 104, 107 Phyllite, 65-6, 84 Pig, 82-91 Pilaster, see Pillar Pillar Aśoka's, 3, 29 in countersunk panel, 35, 36, 56, 73 Yaksha-supported, 96 see also Corinthian, Persepolitan, Shaft Pipal, aśvattha, 10, 14, 48, 56, 58, 79 Plan, see Circular plan, Rectangular plan Ploughing Festival, 103 Pointed edges of clothes, see Scalloped edges Portrait, 29-30 Poseidon, 37, 52 Presentation of the Banyan grove, 12 of the Bride to Siddhārtha, 34 of the Four Bowls, 58, 108 of Grass by Svastika, 46, 57-8 of the Jetavana Garden, 41 of the Mango grove, 69 Promenade of the Buddha, 8, 12, 13 Prophecy of the Nāga-rāja Kālika, 57 Provincial groups or schools, 51 ff., 72 Purushapura, see Peshāwar Pushkalāvatī, see Chārsada

c19.24

Quarries, xiv, 19, 20, 66; see also Stone Quartz-schist, 23

c19.25

Rājagriha, see Miracles Ram, 75 Rectangular plan, 81 River deities, 36, 63 Rodin, A., 53 Rosette-and-sheaf, pattern, 44, 45 Round, sculpture in the, 20, 21, 61

c19.26

Sahrī-Bahlol, 103, 107 Śakas, philhellenes, 5, 6, 17 ff., 26 Śāla-tree, 48-9, 54, 56, 57, 70, 75, 77; see also Bodhi tree Samcodana, see Incitation Sāñchī, 7, 8, 9, 29, 80, 93, 94, 97, 99, 106 Sandstone, 109 Mathurā, 65 Tarakī, 20, 24, 65 Sanghao, 51 ff., 68 ff., 104 Sarmatian designs, 5 Sārnāth, 29 Satyr, 28, 29 Scalloped edges, 33, 34, 47, 48, 103, 104 Scarf, see Flowing scarf, Dress Scroll pattern, 102 Sculptor, 16, 19 same, 37, 46 see also Ateliers Scythian, Scythic, 5, 37 Sea deities, see River deities Sea-monster, 19, 97; see also Hippo-camp Sealings, clay, 111 Seven steps of the Infant Buddha, 42-3 Shaft flat, 35, 54 rounded, 35, 36, 43, 47, 54, 56, 73 with decorated face, 54, 69 Shāhbāz-Garhī, 3, 55 Sikri, 51, 55 ff., 62, 68, 69 Silenus, 26-7, 39, 61, 82; see also Dionysus Sleep of the Women, 72-4, 87, 95 Sleeves, long, 23, 36, 48 Smith, Vincent A., 106 Snake, 22, 85-6, 88; see Miracle at Rājagriha Śrāvastī Miracle, 78, 94-6, 108

c19.27

Stone, xiii, 109 different varieties used in Gandhāra, xiv, 17 replacing wood, 7, 8 see also Limestone, Phyllite, Quartz-schist, Sandstone Stucco, xiii, 28-9, 31-2, 109, 111 Studios, see Ateliers Stūpa, 2, 10, 21-3, 24, 110-11 Submission of the Nāga Apalāla, 51-2, 80 Śuddhodana, 12 Sūrya, 25 Swāt provenance of sculptures, 21, 33, 41, 42, 64, 72, 77, 97 Sword (broadsword), 36 Śyāma Jātaka, see Jātaka

c19.28

Taenia, 20, 23, 39 Takht-i-Bahī, 72, 81, 84 Tarakī sandstone, see Sandstone Taxila, xiii, 20, 21, 24, 61, 65, 109 Dharmarājikā, 23, 46, 59, 60, 73-4, 77, 78, 81, 84, 93 Giri, 82 Jaṇḍiāl, 24 Jauliāñ, 81 Kālawān, 66, 74, 112 local school of, 24-5 Mohṛā Morādu, 81, 84, 102 Sirkap, 17-19, 20-4, 27, 31 Terracotta, 27, 109 Thomas, St, 29 Three-quarter face, 28 Throne, 42-4 of the Buddha, 8, 10, 11, 14, 57, 61, 77, 78, 79, 90, 93, 95 Tīrthaṅkara, 79 Toilet-trays, 17 ff. Tongue-and-dart pattern, 60 Town-planning, Greek, 5 Tree, see Banyan, Bodhi tree, Jambu-tree, Mango, Pipal, Śāla-tree Triangular panels, 37 Triratna, 9, 45; see also Worship: of the triratna Tritons, 37-8 Trousers, 36, 49 Turban, 22, 23, 31, 35, 46 Tushita, see Heavens

c19.29

Umbrella, 42-3, 44, 86 Upavāna, 98 Ūrṇā, 83-4

c19.30

Uruvilvā, 88 Uṣṇīṣa, 42, 47, 62, 83-4 origin of, 30 on a deva, 53, 96

c19.31

V-shaped cut of garments, 88, 101 V-shaped device, 36, 38 Vajra, 52 Vajrapāṇi, 47-8; passim youthful, 56 Vessels begging-bowl, 94 drinking horn, 60 kantharos, 26-7 krater, 19, 60 kylix, 26 water-vessel, 41, 78 wine-bowl, 38, 39 wine-skin, 19, 60 see also Goblets, Kamaṇḍalu, Worship Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 75 Vine-scroll, 19, 45, 59, 60; see also Scroll Visit of Indra to the Buddha in the Indra-śaila cave, see Indra's visit

c19.32

Viśvantara Jātaka, see Jātaka Vogel, J. Ph., 76

c19.33

Waterfield, Capt. B. C., 77 Western artists and craftsmen, 5-6, 29 Wheel of the Law, see Dharmacakra White dog barking at the Buddha, 87 Wicker chair, 73-4 Wicker stool, 42 Winged celestials, 21, 22, 24, 45, 72, 79, 82 Worship of the bowl, 103 of the stūpa, 76 of the triratna, 52-3 of the turban, 46 Wreath, 30, 35, 39, 57, 60, 61, 69, 70, 96 Wrestling match, 80

c19.34

Yakṣī, 47, 84 Yama, 13

c19.35

Zeus, 37, 52, 83 (The provided image is a blank page.)