[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911) › c15.20 # A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c15.20 A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c15.20 - **Language:** English ### [c15.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c15.20) | \*No.\* | \*School.\* | \*Founder.\* | \*Relative Rank.\* | \*Period.\* | \*Remarks by V. A. S.\* | | I. | 'Middle Country' (= Magadhan) | Bimbasāra of Magadha | Equal to pre-Asokan art | King Buddhapaksha (? 5th or 6th cent.) | Covers the Gupta school, in part. | | II. | 'Ancient West' | Śriṅgadhara of Maru (\*scil.\* Mārwār or Jodhpur) | Equal to Asokan art | King Śīla. | Probably \*Śīlāditya Guhila of Mewār\* or Udaipur, flor. A. D. 646. See sculptures described \*ante\*, Chap. VII, Sect. 4, p. 205. | | III. | 'Eastern' | Dhīmān of Varendra (Bengal) | Equal to art of Nāgārjuna's time | Kings Devapāla and Dharmapāla | Tāranāth erroneously places Devapāla before Dharmapāla, who reigned about A.D. 780 to 844. Dhīmān thus falls within first half of 9th cent. | | IV. | 'Later Middle Country' (= Magadhan) | Bitpālo, son of Dhīmān. (But in bronze-casting Bitpālo was regarded as head of the 'Eastern' school | —— | Ditto | Bitpālo may be placed in reign of Devapāla, \*cir.\* A.D. 844 to 892. Apparently in sculpture we may trace the Mediaeval Bihār school back to Bitpālo and the Orissan school back to Dhīmān. See \*ante\*, Chap. VII, Sect. 2. | | V. | Nepāl (1) | —— | Resembled No. II | —— | Perhaps introduced in 7th cent. by Harsha Śīlāditya \*of Kanauj\*. | | | (2) | —— | Resembled No. III. | —— | Perhaps influenced by the powerful Pāla dynasty in 9th and 10th cent. | | | (3) | —— | Nothing distinctive | To A.D. 1600 | | | VI. | Kashmīr (1) | —— | Resembled 'Middle Country School of Ancient West' | —— | Perhaps Tāranāth may mean an Eastern form of 'Ancient West' (No. II) school introduced by Lalitāditya after his conquest of Kanauj, \*cir.\* A.D. 740? | | | (2) | Hasurāja | —— | —— | Can Hasurāja be Haṁsarāja, minister of Queen Diddā, A.D. 1000 (\*Rājat.\*, Bk. vi, l. 350)? | | VII. | Southern India | Jaya, Parojaya, Vijaya | —— | —— | | - [Previous: c15.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c15.19) - [Next: c15.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c15.21) - [Up: c15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c15) ## Cites (1) - [Rājataraṅgiṇī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.historical.kashmir.rajatarangini) — Kalhaṇa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c15.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c15.20) · Pramāṇa