[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911) › c9.s2.103 # A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c9.s2.103 A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c9.s2.103 - **Language:** English ### [c9.s2.103](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c9.s2.103) Door-keepers intended to ward off the attacks of evil spirits were deemed essential for most Ceylonese buildings. The Nāga at Ruwanveli (Plate XXI, Fig. B) is a good example of, I think, an early type, but it is not easy to be certain. I should be inclined to assign it to the early centuries of the Christian era. - [Previous: c9.s2.102](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c9.s2.102) - [Next: c9.s2.104](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c9.s2.104) - [Up: c9.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c9.s2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c9.s2.103](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.smith-1911.c9.s2.103) · Pramāṇa