Lectures on Ancient Indian Numismatics (Carmichael Lectures, 1921) c11: Index

Lectures on Ancient Indian Numismatics (Carmichael Lectures, 1921) c11

Language: English

Index

Abdagases, Indo-Parthian ruler, 3. Abhīras, 27. Agathocles, coins of, 35, 143. Ajayadeva-dramma, coin of the Chauhan King Ajayadeva, 208-09. Akhæmenid Persian coinage, 118, 121. Akshapaṭala, 126. Alexander, 12, 24-7, 29-33, 144, 149, 196. Amarakosha, 22-3, 82-3, 133-34, 181-83. Amarasiṃha, the lexicographer, 82-3, 86. Amoghavarsha, the Rāshṭrakūṭa king, 209. Amyntas, coins of, 35. Anantpur district (S. India), lead coins found in, 143. Anāthapiṇḍika, 149. Aṇḍaka, another name for Kārshāpaṇa, 189. See also Aṇḍika. Andhrabhṛitya dynasty, lead and potin coins issued by, 141, 145. Andhradeśa, lead coins found in, 143. Aṇḍika, another name for Kārshāpaṇa, 185, 211. See also Aṇḍaka. Antialkidas, coins of, 33, 40. Antimachus II, coins of, 40. Antiochus Theos, Syrian Emperor, 26, 41. Ardha-Kārshāpaṇa, 77, 113. Ardha-Māshaka, 77, 79, 90, 112. Arrian, the Greek historian, 32. Artemis, the Greek goddess as a coin-type, 35. Arthaśāstra of Kauṭilya, 5, 87, 89, 90, 92, 112, 125, 126, 129, 156, 160, 180. Ashṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, 45, 47, 170. Aśoka, inscriptions of, 25-6. Assyrio-Babylonian weight, 121-22.

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Atharvaveda, 64, 172. Athens, the Greek goddess as a coin-type, 27. Athens, coin-types of, 27-8. Attic standard, 41, 199. Augustus, 201. Azes I, the Indo-Scythian prince, 3, 7, 8; —lead coins of, 142-3. Azes II, the Indo-Scythian prince, 3, 7. Azilises, the Indo-Scythian prince, 3, 7, 8.

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Babbu-Jātaka, 80. Babylonians, the, 38-9, 42. Bactria, Greek rule in, 25-6, 41. Bactrian Greek coins, 41. Ballāla Sena, his Naihāti grant, 139. Bayley, Sir E. C., 40. Bel ium, nickel pieces of, 143. Bengal, practice of making necklaces out of coins in, 67. Besnagar, 85, 98-100, 112, 114, 118, 185. Bhagavadgītā, Mārāṭhī commentary on it by Jñānadeva, 147. Bhagwanlal Indraji, Pandit, 9-10, 105. Bhandarkar, Sir Ramkrishna, 24-5, 46. Bhārhut, 149. Bhāvayavya, a Vedic king, 64. Bhoja-Ādivarāha, the Pratihāra king, 208. Bhojadeva, Gwalior inscription of, 206. Bhuridatta-Jātaka, 50-1. Bijāpur, inscriptions found at, 187-88. Bimbisāra, 111, 186. Black Yajurveda, 58. Bloch, Dr. T., 204. Bodh Gayā inscription, 204. Bodhisatta, 48, 52. Böhtlingk, Prof., 59. Brāhmaṇas, reference to coins in, 56, 60, 70. Brāhmī, 38, 43, 136, 196, 198. Bṛihaspati Smṛiti, 184-86, 189, 204. Bṛihatsaṃhitā, 13. Buddha, 16, 125, 130.

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Buddhaghosha, 99, 126, 128, 132, 140-42, 145-47, 159, 160. Bühler, 42, 46, 125-26, 149, 154, 196, 198. Bull emblem of Śiva on the coins of Mihirakula, 18. Burma, metals chopped to a certain weight used as a medium of exchange up till the advent of the British in, 61-2, 170, 173. Burmese silver shells, 136. Burnouf, 104.

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Caldwell, 109. Cambay Copper-plate of Govinda IV, 183, 209. Caracalla, 202. Cartailhac, 104. Champeyya Jātaka, 50. Chandā district, potin coins issued by the Andhra-Bhṛtyas in, 145. Chandellas, gold coins of, 209. Chandragupta, the founder of the Maurya dynasty, 26, 30. Chandragupta I, the founder of the Gupta dynasty, 9, 10. Chashṭana, a Kshatrapa, ruler of Western India, 4, 18, 145. Chatur-Māshaka, 77, 87, 90, 112. Chhāndogya Upanishad, 55-6. Chinese bronze cowries, 136, 139. Chitaldrug district, lead coins found in, 143. Chitorgaḍh, 13. Chittarāja, a Silāhāra king, 208. Collegiate Sovereignty, types of, 5. Coromandel coast, lead coins found in, 143. Cuddapah district, lead coins found in, 143. Cunningham, Sir Alexander, 11, 38, 41-2, 86-9, 94-5, 98, 105, 107, 109, 143-44, 148-49, 157, 162, 180, 196, 202, 205. Cutch, Kori coinage of, 191. Cyzicus, coinage of, 6, 137-38.

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Dāmaysada, Kshatrapa ruler, 19. Dāms, Moghul copper coins, 117-18, 161. Daric, 119. Decourdemanche, M. J. A., 118, 120-22.

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Dekkan, the, 147, 184, 189. Demetrius, 35, 149, 196. Denarius, Roman gold coin, 181, 201. Ḍhābuās, unstamped copper coins, 70. Dhānaka, a class of coins, 189, 211. Dharaṇas, Purāṇas known as, 92-3, 180. Didrachmas, 119. Die-struck coins, 40. Dīnāras, a class of gold coins, 67, 131, 133, 181-84, 189-90, 200-01, 204-05. Diodotos, 26, 41. Dionysios, the reputed founder of the city of Nysa, 32; —identified with Śiva, 35. Divodās, a Vedic King, 69. Drachma, 206-07. Dramma, a coin-denomination, 206-10. Dvi-Māshaka, 77, 90.

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Edakal, rock-carvings in, 107. Eggeling, Prof., 57. Egyptian gold representation of cowries, 139. Eka-Māshaka, 77, 90. Elliot, W., 108, 110, 142. Erān, 100, 198. Eucratides, square bronze coins of, 33. Euthydemus, coins of, 143.

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Fergusson, 108. Fleet, Dr. J. F., 9. Flight, Dr. Walter, 143-44.

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Gadhāiyā-kā-paisā, a class of copper coins, 207-09. Gāhaḍavālas, gold coins of, 209. Gāmaṇichaṇḍa Jataka, 77, Gaṇa, an oligarchy, 5, 13, 152, 193, 196. Gaṇanā, 124-28. Gaṇḍagopāla, 182. Gaṇḍamāḍa, a coin of Gaṇḍagopāla, 182. Gāndhāra, 26, 116, 205. Gandhāras, the, referred to in the Aśoka inscriptions, 25. Gautama, 82. Gautamiputra Yajña-Śrī-Śātakarṇi, 85. Gaura Sarshapa, a standard of weight, 93. Gayā stone inscription of Govindapāla, 188. Golakhpur (Patna), find spot of 108 punch-marked coins, 98. Goldstücker, Prof., 24-5, 46. Gondophares, founder of the Indo-Parthian dynasty, 3, 14, 19. Gopatha Brāhmaṇa, 63. Go-puchcha, used as a circulating medium in Pāṇini's time, 169-70. Govinda IV, the Rāṣṭrakūṭa king, 184, 209. Govindapāla, Gayā stone inscription of, 188. Greek cites, coinages of, 6. Greek colony in India, 29, 31-2. Greek deities on Kushana coins, 15. Greek kings mentioned in the Aśoka inscriptions, 25. Greek coinage, possibility of Indian coinage being imitated from it, 38, 40-1. Guḍimallam Liṅga, 20. Gupta gold coins, two types of, 183. Gupta period, absence of gold coins of genuinely Indian type prior to it, 91, 94-5. Guptas, the, 85, 88, 190, 199, 201, 204. Gurjaras, the, 27, 206-07. Gwalior inscription of Bhojadeva, 206.

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Hiraṇyika, a goldsmith, 147, 160. Hāthigumphā cave inscription, 127. Hekate, the three-headed Greek divinity, 35, Heliodorus, a Bhāgavata, ambassador from Antialkidas to Kāshiputra Bhāgabhadra, 33. Hellenic deities, 32-6. Hemchandra Roy Chowdhury, 32. Herakles, identified with Kṛiṣhṇa or Balarāma, 35.

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Hermaeus, coins of, 35. Hindu deities on Kushana coins, 15. *Hiraṇaya*, a class of gold coins, 50-1, 176-77. *Hirañña*, gold pieces mentioned in the Jātakas, 80. *Hiraṇya-piṇḍa*, un-stamped metallic currency mentioned in the Rig-Veda, 69, 70, 168, 178, 194-95. Hūṇa, 18. Huvishka, the Kushana king. 18, 23; inscriptions of, 4; coins of, 15, 17-8, 22.

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Indian ocean, silver fish hooks current as money in, 136-37. Indo-Bactrian Greek princes, the, 2, 4, 33, 35-6; coins of, 24, 32, 34. Indo-Bactrian Greeks, 149-50, 199, 206. Indo-Grecian kings, use of nickel in the coinage of, 143-44. Indo-Parthian coins, 199. Indo-Parthian kings, the, 2, Indo-Sassanian coins, 207. Indo-Scythian kings, the, 2, 8; coins of 7, 19, 35, 199. Indo-Scythians, the, 3. Indra, his image offered as a fetish for ten cows, mentioned in the Rigveda, 171. Iran, 206. Irānian divinities on Kushana coins, 15.

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Janaka, King of Videha, 58-60. Janapada, democracy confined to a province, 5-7, 13, 152, 193, 196. Jānapada, the people of a province, 6, 13. *Janapade lup*, a Sūtra in Pāṇini, 11. Jātakas, the, 46-9, 52-4, 61-2, 77-9, 81, 87, 112, 142, 179-82, 185-86, 192, 194. Jayaḍāman, a Kshatrapa ruler, 19. Jeta, Prince, 149. Jñānadeva, the earliest poet-saint of Mahārāshṭra, 147. Johiyas (Johiya-bar), 11-12. Justin, 2, 26.

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Kadambas, lead coins issued by, 143. Kāḍasa, legend on some very ancient coins (cast), 149. Kadphises I, a Kushana king, 200. Kāhan, the modern form of Sanskrit Kārshāpaṇa, 188. Kākaṇī (Kākaṇikā), 112, 156, 185. Kākaṇikā, a small token coin, 77, 79. Kākiṇī (Kākaṇikā), 87, 185. Kākshīvat, a Vedic poet-priest, 64. Kalachuris, gold coins of, 209. Kalhaṇa, 126. Kalpasūtra, a Jaina canonical work, 67. Kāmasūtra, 176. Kāmbojas, the, 25. Kāñchana-Drammas, 209. Kaṇherī cave inscription, 209. Kanishka, the Kushana king, 4, 16, 72, 73; coins of, 15-6, 203. Kapardaka, a cowrie, 139, 176-77. Kapardaka Purāṇa, mentioned in the Sena copper-plates, 139, 176. Kāpiśī, 34. Karamḍaṇḍā, inscribed Liṅga in the village of, 21. Karsha, the name of a weight standard, 82-3, 86-7, 89-94, 111, 184-85, 189; a coin, 187. Kārshāpaṇas, a class of coins, 39, 40, 42-5, 50, 54, 62, 75, 77-96, 100, 102-03, 105-09, 111-16, 118, 120-21, 126, 130-31, 133, 140, 147, 148, 157, 161-63, 167, 179, 180, 184-98, 200, 205, 207, 210-11. Kārshāpaṇī, Kārshāpaṇa mentioned thus in Govindapāla’s Gayā stone inscription, 188. Kārttikeya, a Hindu deity, 22-3. Karwar district, lead coins found in, 143. Kashmir, coins of the Kidara-Kushanas found in, 205. Kāśī, 50, 52. Kāśikā, 83, 132-33, 205. Kassite cylinders, 107. Kaṭhaka-Saṃhitā, its mention of hiraṇya-Kṛishṇala, 60. Kathāsaritsāgara, 131. Kātyāyana, 55, 82, 130, 132. Kātyāyana Smṛiti, 184-86, 188-89, 204, 210-11. Kaurama, the king of the Rushamas, 64. Kauṭilya, 5, 87, 89, 90, 92-4, 112, 125-26, 129-30, 156-63, 180.

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Kavisiye Nagaradevatā, Kharoshṭhī legend on the reverse of some coins of Eucratides, 33. Kedāra, a coin denomination mentioned in the Kāśikāvṛitti 133, 205. Kennedy, James, 39, 42-4, 71. Khāravela, the ruler of Kaliṅga, 127. Kidāra, the name occurring on the obverse of all the coins of the Kidāra-Kushanas, 205. Kidāra-Kushanas, coins of the, 205. Kistvaens, 96, 108. Ki-to-lo, the leader of the great Yuch-ti as known from Chinese sources, 295. Knossos, 106. Kolhapur province, potin coinage in, 143, 145. Kophen, the, 32. Kṛishṇa, 35. Kṛishṇala, a class of coins, 60-3, 70, 179; — weight standard, 86, 89, 92-3, 173-74, 180. Kshaudrakas, the, use of nickel known to this Indian tribe, 144. Kshīrasvāmin, the Commentator of Amara, 82, 133. Kuhaka-Jātaka, 48. Kujula Kadphises, 4. Kumāra, a Hindu deity, 22-3; — figured on the coins of Huvishka, 18, 22. Kumāradevī, wife of Chandragupta I, 9-10. Kuru-Pañchāla country, 58. Kuśaṇa, a coin denomination, 199, 200. Kushana coinage, 22, 85, 203-04. Kushanas, the, 2, 3, 15, 16, 18, 19, 181, 190, 199, 201-04. Kuṭumbika, 48.

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Lakshaṇādhyaksha, 128, 156-57. Lakshmaṇa-Sena, 139. Lekha, the art of writing, 124-25, 127-28. Lekhaka, 125. Lichchhavayaḥ, legend on the reverse of some of Chandragupta I's coins, 9. Lichchhavidauhitra, a title adopted by Samudragupta, 9. Lichchhavis, the, 9-10. Līlāvatī, 190.

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Liṅga, Śiva worshipped in this form, 19-21. Lydians, the, 110. Lysias, silver coins of, 40.

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Macedonians, the, 152. Madhyamikā, a city identified with Nagari, 13 14. Mādhyamikā country, 7, 13. Mahābhārata, 5, 11, 13, 170. Mahābhāshya of Patañjali, 14, 20, 22, 57. Mahākshatrapa Rudrasena III, lead coins of, 143. Mahākshatrapas, potin coins issued by, 145. Mahārāshṭra, 67, 146-47, 191. Mahārāṭhis, lead coins issued by, 143. Mahāsena, a Hindu deity, 22-3; — figured on the coins of Huvishka, 18, 22. Mahāsudassana Sutta, 102. Mahāvagga, the, 124, 128. Mahāvīra, 67. Mālava, the name of a gaṇa, 193. Mālavas, the, 5, 12-3, 144. Malcolm, Sir John, 153. Malli, the, 144. Malloi, the, 12. Mālwa, 18, 143, 145. Manusamhitā, 60, 81-3, 86, 89, 92-3, 111, 179-86, 188-91, 199. Marmora, sea of, 136. Marshall, Sir John, 40. Māsha, a unit in the weight standard, 52-3, 89, 90, 111-12, 115-18, 120-21, 161, 174, 185-86, 188-90, 210. Māshaka, a coin of one māsha in weight, 53, 62, 78-9, 87, 92-3, 111, 131, 140-41, 145, 156. Māshaka-rūpa (Māshaka), a token coin, 131. Mathurā, 35, 193, 136. Mauryas, the, 57, 88. Max Müller, Prof, 72-3. Medinī, 170. Mediterranean sea, 137. Megasthenes, 35. Menander, silver coins of, 40.

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Mihirakula, coins of, 18. Minoan Style, 106. Mirat-i-Ahmadi, 117. miskal, 73-4. Mount Meru, 105-6.

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Nagaradevatā, the city deity, 34. Nagari, the findspot of the Sibi coins, 13. Nāgojibhaṭṭa, 57. Nahapāna, 199, 200. Naigama, democracy confined to a town, 5, 6; —— coins issued by, 152. Naihati grant of Ballāla Sena, 139. Naishkika, a mint master, 133. Nāṇaka, a coin denomination, 161. Nandipada, a symbol, 197. Nārada, his reference to Kārshāpaṇas, 82, 187. Nāsik cave inscription, 183, 191, 199. Negamā (Naigamāḥ) a word engraved on the obverse of a type of coins found in the Punjab, 6, 154, 197. Nepāl, 9, 170. Nidānakathā, mention of lead Kārshāpaṇas in, 142. Nishka, mentioned as necklace in the vedas, 65-6, 68-9. Nishkas, a class of gold coins, 45, 48-50, 53, 55-6, 61-3, 64-6, 68-70, 72-4 76-7, 83, 168, 178-79, 181-83, 209. Nysa, 32.

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Olbania, coins of, 137-38. Olbia, currency of the city of, 136-37. Orthagnes, a successor of Gondophares, 3. Owls, the name of a class of coins current in Athens, 27-9. Oxydracae, the, 144.

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Pāda, a kind of coin, 59, 60, 111-12, 178-79, 186, 209-10. Pāda-Kārshāpaṇa, 77, 87.

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Paḍika, a coin mentioned in West India Cave inscriptions, 200. Padyur, Roman coins found in, 202. [ Pa ]Khalavadi devada, Kharoshṭhī legend on the obverse of some coins, 34. Pakores, 3. Pala, the name of a weight standard, 86. Pallas, the Greek goddess, 35. Paṇa, 82, 88, 93, 112, 156, 158, 185, 188-90, 210. Pañchāla, 193, 196. Panchanan Mitra, 107, 135. Pañchāyat, 208. Pañchiyaka-dramma, 208. Pāṇḍukuris ( Pāṇḍukulis ), Primitive tombs in South India, 108-10, 167. Pāṇḍus, 109. Pāṇini, 11, 20, 24-5, 29, 34, 45-7, 55, 60, 70, 83, 130, 132, 134, 169-71, 179. Pantaleon, 35, 143. Pārikshika, 158. Pāṭaliputra, 9, 10, 99, 100. Patañjali, 14, 20, 22, 130, 132. Pātimokkha, 134. Paura, the townspeople, 6. Pāvlā ( or Pavli ), a Mārāṭhī term meaning one-fourth of the standard coin, 60. Pearse, Col. 145. Percy Gardner, 35-6. Philoxenus, coins of, 35,40. Phocæa, coinage of, 6. Phrygian cap, 36. Pliny, 202. Pratihāra dynasty, 206, 208. Prinsep, James, 38,40,42. Ptolemy, 4. Pudukottah State, temple coins struck in, 153. Punch-marked coins, 39-41,88. Purāṇa, Punch-marked coins known as, 82,84,92,94, 96, 114-16, 120, 139, 176, 180, 192. Pushkalāvatī, 34. Pushpapura, 9. Puṭalya, a Mārāṭhī term denoting gold coins as well as necklaces made of them, 67.

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Quintus Curtius, 144.

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Rājagṛiha, 124, 186. Rājanya, a Janapada, 7, 193. Rājasūya, 150. Rājatarangiṇī, 126, 131, 204. Rājputana, 169, 189, 208, 211. Rāmachandra, the Yādava King, 147. Rāmāśramī, a commentator of Amara, 82. Rāmāyaṇa, 104. Rañjubula, lead coins of, 143. Rapson, Prof., 42, 45, 84, 111, 155-56, 202. Rati, weight standard, 86, 90, 92, 111-13, 173-75, 180, 190. Ratnas, Seven, 102. Rhys Davids, Prof., 46, 59, 125-26, 145; —Mrs., 111. Ridgeway, Prof., 136, 169. Ṛigveda, 64-6, 71, 73, 168, 171-72. Rock Edict XIII of Aśoka, 25, 27. Roman coins, 201-03. Rudra, 66, 68. Rudradāman, 11, 19. Rudrasena III, Mahākshatrapa, 143. Rūpa, signifying symbol or a figure on a coin, 68-9, 140-41, 145; —denoting the science of coinage, 124-29; —a class of coins, 131, 135, 138, 175-76. Rūpadarśaka, examiner of coins (Kauṭilya), 126-30, 157, 159-60. Rūpaka, coined money, 131, 187. Rūpasūtra, the science of coinage, 129, 132, 165-66. Rūpasutta, 126, 128. Rūpatarka, examiner of coins (Patañjali), 130. Rūpika, 157-58. Rūpya, a coin denomination, 68, 132-35, 138, 175-76, 205. Rūpyādhyaksha, a mint-master (Amara), 133, 156. Rushamas, the, 64.

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Sabaean, 28. *Śabdakalpadruma*, 73. Saint Thomas, legend of the Christian Apostle, 3. Śākya Putra Śramaṇas, 124-25. Sāmanta Pāsādikā, reference to Kārshāpaṇa in, 81. Saṃgha, a form of government, 5, 6; —— Buddhist community, 131. Saṃhitā Period, Śatamāna coins in the, 58. Saṃhita portions of the Vedas, 70, 172-73, 178. Śaṃkarārya, the commentator of Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra, 176-77. Saṃkhapāla Jātaka, 52. Samudragupta, 9, 11. Sannidhātṛi, an officer in the Treasury (Kauṭilya), 159. Śaśāṅka, King of Gauḍa, 18, 21. Sassanian civilisation, 206-07. Sassanian coinage, 208. Śatamānas, a class of gold coins, 45, 55-8, 62-3, 70, 76, 150, 178-80, 182-83, 193 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 56-8, 63, 150, 178, 193. Śātavāhana, 185, 193. Saubhūti, 31. Sauvarṇika, 127-28, 160. Sāyaṇa, 57. Scandinavia, coins of Kanishka dug up in, 203. Scytho-Sassanians, Śiva worshipped by, 17. Seleucos, 26. Semitic, 28. Sena dynasty of Bengal, 176. Sewell, Mr. Robert, 153. Shaṭtriṃśat, 82, 84. Shekel, 73, 119, 122. Śibi, king of, 49. Śibi Janapada, coins of, 7, 13, 14, 193. Sigloi, Persian silver coins, 28, 119, 121. Silāhāra dynasty, 208. Sisa-kāhāpaṇa, lead Kārshāpaṇas mentioned in the Nidāna-kathā, 142. Śiva, 15-22, 35. Śiva-bull type, found on the coins of Śaśāṅka, 18. Śiva-worship, at first not identical with Liṅga-worship, 19.

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Sīyadoṇī inscription, 208-09. Skanda, a Hindu deity, 22-3 ; ——figured on the coins of Huvishka, 18, 22. Smith, V. A., 39, 42-4, 71, 110, 119-20, 122, 141, 151, 154-55, 195, 202. Smṛitis, 155, 179, 191. Sophytes, 29, 30, 31, 33. Southern Arabia Felix, 28. Spalahores, brother of Vonones, 3. Spalirises, the Indo Scythian Prince, 3, 4. Spooner, D. B., 97, 114, 120, 155. Śrī, the goddess of beauty, description of, 67. Śrīmad Ādivarāha,—208. Śrīnjaya, 69. Śrī-Somaladevī, Queen of Ajayadeva, the Chauhan prince, 209. Stein, Sir Aurel, 126, 131. Strabo, 2, 26. Strato, lead coins of, 143. Stūpas, silver denarii of the Consular Period found in, 201. Sungod, radiate figure of,—in the coins, 35. Surāṣṭra, 18. Suśruta, 111. Sūtras of Pāṇini, 45-7, 55, 60, 70, 130, 132, 169-70, 179. Suvarṇa, a class of gold coins, 50-1, 57-8, 61-3, 70, 76-7, 89-92, 178-79, 183-84, 189, 191-92, 204, 209. Suvarṇa-māsha, a standard of weight, 90. Suvarṇa-Māshaka, a class of smaller gold coins, 52. Suvarṇarūpakas, gold coins, 131. Svaidāyana-Saunaka, 63-4. Svastika, a symbol, 103-05. Syrian Empire of Antiochus Theos, 26.

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Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, 58, 60, 178. Taittirīya Saṃhitā, 58, 174, 178. Takshaśilā, 99-100. Talent type, 119. Taṅkapati, a mint-master, 133. Tarpandīghī Plates of Lakshmaṇasena, 139. Tāvatiṃsabhavana, 52, Taxila, coins found at, 40.

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Taxila mark, 98. Telephus, coins of, 35. Tetrobolus, 119, 121. Theobald, 101, 103, 106-07, 164. Thomas, Edward, 39, 42, 65, 71, 73-4, 95, 180. Tiastenes of Ozene, Chashṭana mentioned thus by Ptolemy, 4. Tickal, the smaller denomination of weight used in Burma, 62. Ṭikāsarvasva, 133. Trasareṇu, the smallest mote observable in a sun beam—the smallest unit in the Indian metrical system, 174. Travancore, old coinage of, 142. Tri-Māshaka, 77, 87. Triobolus, 119, 121. Triśālā, the mother of Mahāvīra, 97. Tushīspa, a Persian name adopted by a Greek in the time of Aśoka, 31.

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Udayabhadra, 52-3. Udayabhadra, 52. Udayagiri hill, 127. Udaya Jātaka, 52. Uddālaka Āruṇi, 63. Ujjain Symbol, 107. Ukshan, 17. Umeśa, 17. Upāli, 124-25, 127-28. Upanishads, reference to coins in, 55. Ushavadāta, son-in-law of Nahapāna, 13, 199, 200.

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Vāchaspatya, references to Kārshāpaṇas in previous works quoted in, 73, 82. Vajjian Bhikshus, 131. Valarāma, the Hindu God, 35. Vallahiṭṭhā, 139. Varāhamihira, 13.

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Varahran V, coins of, 18 Vārāṇasī, 50. Vāsudeva, the Hindu God, 33. Vāsudeva, the Kushana King, 18, 20; —— inscriptions of 4; —— coins of, 15, 17. Vaṭasvaka, legend on some very ancient coins, 149, 196-97. Vātsyāyana, 176. Vedas, reference to coins in the, 54-5, 90. —— the age of, 71, 73. Vesali, 130. Vessantara Jātaka, 49. Vidiśā, 85, 88, 99, 100, 161, 185, 190. Vigrahapāla, 208. Vigrahapālīya-dramma, 208. Viḷivāyakura, potin coins issued by, 143-44. Viṁsopaka, coined money, 187, 189, 209-10. Vinayapiṭaka, 87, 111, 140, 186. Viśākha, a Hindu deity, 22-3; —— figured on the coins of Huvishka, 18, 22. Viss, the higher denomination of weight used in Burma, 62. Viśuddhimāgga, 99, 100, 147, 159. Vonones, the Indo-Scythian prince, 3. Vṛiṣṇis, coins of the, 5. Vyājī, 157. Vyavahāra, 127.

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Wales, coins of Kanishka dug up in, 204. Walsh, Mr., 98-9, 165. Weber, Prof., 42. Wema Kadphises, 4, 15, 84. Western Kshatrapas, the, 4, 8, 101. West India Cave Inscriptions, 185, 187. Wilson, H. H., 38, 42. Wilson, Mr. Thomas, 104. Winternitz, Prof., 71, 167.

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Yājñavalkya, 59, 85, 111, 161, 179-81, 184-85, 199. Yaśaskara, a king, 131. Yaudheyas, the, 5, 11, 193. *Yavanānī*, the writing of the Greeks, 24, 29. Yavanas, the, 24-7, 29, 31. Yazdani, Mr., 106. Yonas, the Greeks thus referred to in Aśoka inscriptions, 25-6. Ysamotika, the father of Chashṭana, 18.

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Zeus, 33-5.

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Xenophon, 111, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151. Xerxes, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100. Xerxes, his expedition to Greece, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110. Xerxes, the death of, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120.