[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Indian Palaeography](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963) › c17.s8.3 # Indian Palaeography c17.s8.3 Indian Palaeography c17.s8.3 - **Language:** English ### [c17.s8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c17.s8.3) We may also note the older features in these letters. They are all characterized by line, or at best notched, head-marks, instead of the triangular head-marks of the seventh century. The initial \*ā\*, as seen in no. 3, has preserved the old form with its hook turned to the right. The initial \*i\* in no. 2 is indicated by two dots on the right and a vertical on the left, though in the correct old form the position of the dots and the vertical is reversed. \*E\* in no. 2 is triangular with its base downwards. \*Ka\* has its central bar curved. In no. 3 foot-marks can be seen in \*ka\*, \*ta\*, \*bha\* and \*ra\*. \*Ga\* in no. 2 has straight verticals. \*Cha\* is of the beaked type. \*Ja\* in no. 3 has three arms slightly bending downwards. In no. 1 the conjunct \*jña\* shows a developed form of the two-armed \*ja\*, and \*ña\* with only three teeth. \*Ṇa\* is of the open-mouthed type. Its late form is seen only in no. 3, in which the outer right hook is angular. The two lower verticals of \*ta\* fall from the head-mark. \*Tha\* is oval with a mid-line. \*Da\* is of the double-curved type. \*Dha\* in no. 2 is either a circle or a square, but in no. 3 has a developed \*kuṭila\* form. \*Na\* is of the looped type. \*Bha\* in nos. 1 and 3 has preserved the older angular form of the north. In nos. 1 and 2 the open-mouthed \*ma\* has a tail on the left. \*Ya\* is of the tripartite form with a loop at the third left vertical. \*La\* in no. 3 and \*ha\* in no. 2 are of the hooked type. \*Va\* is triangular with its base sloping towards the right. \*Śa\* has a mid-line, and \*sa\* in no. 3 has a triangular loop on the left. \*Ṅa\* in the conjunct \*Ṅga\* has a slight bend in its vertical. \*Tha\* in the conjunct \*sthi\* is laid flat. All these older features survive along with the new tendencies of the seventh century. - [Previous: c17.s8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c17.s8.2) - [Next: c17.s8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c17.s8.4) - [Up: c17.s8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c17.s8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c17.s8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c17.s8.3) · Pramāṇa