Indian Palaeography c21: Plates

Indian Palaeography c21

Language: English

Plates

Forms within brackets denote rare examples 7. Sanchi M.P.I.
8. .Rummindei / Nigali Sagar M.P.I.
9. Sarnath M.P.I.
10. Allahabad-Kosam P.E. I–VII
11. .Allahabad-Kosam M.P.I. / Queen’s Pillar Inscription

c21.38

¹ Kalsi R.E. I–X
2. Kalsi R.E. XI–XIV
3. Delhi Topra P.E. I–VI
4. Delhi Topra P.E. VII
5. Delhi Mirath P.E. I–VII
6. .Lauriya-Araraj / Lauriya-Nandangadh / Rampurva P.E. I–VII

c21.41

Forms within brackets are rare examples

c21.42

¹ Kalsi R.E. I–X
2. Kalsi R.E. XI–XIV
3. Delhi Topra P.E. I–VI
4. Delhi Topra P.E. VII
5. Delhi Mirath P.E. I–VII
6. .Lauriya-Araraj / Lauriya-Nandangadh / RampurvaP.E. I–VII \* This type of ‘JA’ is found only once \* The tailed *Ma* and the hooked *Ha* are rare examples in the late inscriptions

c21.43

PLATE III*b

c21.45

7. Sanchi M.P.I.
8. .Rummindei / Nigali Sagar M.P.I.
9. Sarnath M.P.I.
10. Allahabad-Kosam P.E. I–VII
11. .Allahabad-Kosam M.P.I. / Queen's Pillar inscription

c21.46

THE ASOKAN BRĀHMĪ

c21.48

Forms within brackets are rare examples

c21.49

1. Dhauli and Jaugad R.E.
2. Dhauli and Jaugad S.E.
3. Girnar R.E.
4. Sopara R.E.
5. Erragudi R.E.
6. Erragudi and Rajula Mandagiri M.R.I.

c21.51

7. Brahmagiri, Siddhapur, and Jating Rameshvar M.R.I.
8. Maski M.R.I.
9. Rupnath M.R.I.
10. Bairat and Calcutta-Bairat slab M.R.I.
11. Gujarra M.R.I.
12. Sahasram and Barabar Hill cave inscriptions

c21.53

Forms within brackets are rare examples

c21.54

1. Dhauli and Jaugad R.E.
2. Dhauli and Jaugad S.E.
3. Girnar R.E.
4. Sopara R.E.
5. Erragudi R.E.
6. Erragudi and Rajula Mandagiri M.R.I.

c21.55

PLATE IV*b

c21.57

\* These conjuncts are read by others as Vya, Tpā and Ṣṭa

c21.58

7\. Brahmagiri, Siddhapur and Jating Rameshvar M.R.I. 8\. Maski M.R.I. 9\. Rupnath M.R.I. 10\. Bairat and Calcutta-Bairat slab M.R.I. 11\. Gujarra M.R.I. 12\. Sahasram and Barabar Hill cave inscriptions

c21.59

NORTH INDIA

c21.61

1. Nagarjuni cave inscriptions of Daśaratha, close of the 3rd century B.C.
2. Mahasthan inscription, 2nd century B.C.
3. Ramgadh cave inscriptions, 2nd century B.C.
4. Sohgaura copper plate, 2nd century B.C.
5. Piprahwa vase inscription, 2nd century B.C.
6. Barli fragmentary inscription, 1st century B.C.

c21.62

PLATE *Va

c21.64

7. Besnagar pillar inscription of Heliodorus, close of the 2nd century B.C.
8. Ghosundi stone inscription, 1st century B.C.
9. Bhilsa inscription of Bhāgavata, 1st century B.C.
10. Coin series No. I, 2nd century B.C.
11. Coin series No. II, 1st century B.C.
12. Coin series No. III, 1st century A.D.

c21.66

c21.68

7. Besnagar pillar inscription of Helio'dorus, close of the 3rd century B.C.
8. Ghosundi stone inscription, 1st century B.C.
9. Bhilsa inscription of Bhāgavata, 1st century B.C.
10. Coin series No. I, 2nd century B.C.
11. Coin series No. II, 1st century B.C.
12. Coin series No. III, 1st century A.D.

c21.69

NORTH INDIA AND DECCAN

c21.71

1. Inscriptions of the Mathura Kshatrapas, early 1st century A.D.
2. Sanchi series No. I, early 1st century B.C.
3. Sanchi series No. II, late 1st century B.C.
4. Sanchi series No. III, early 1st century A.D.
5. Inscriptions from Pabhosa and Ayodhya, early 1st century A.D.
6. Bharhut series No. I, late 1st century B.C.

c21.73

7. Bharhut series No. II, early 1st century A.D.
8. Bodhgaya railing inscriptions, early 1st century A.D.
9. Hathigumpha inscription of Khāravela, early 1st century A.D.
10. Nanaghat inscription of Nayanikā, early 1st century A.D.
11. Nanaghat inscription No's 3–8, early 1st century A.D.
12. Nasik inscription No's 1–2, early 1st century A.D.

c21.74

NORTH INDIA AND DECCAN

c21.76

c21.77

PLATE VI*b

c21.79

7. Bharhut series No. II, early 1st century A.D.
8. Bodhgaaya railing inscriptions, early 1st century A.D.
9. Hathigumpha inscription of Khāravela, early 1st century A.D.
10. Nanaghat inscription of Nayanikā, early 1st century A.D.
11. Nanaghat inscription No's 3–8, early 1st century A.D.
12. Nasik inscription No's 1–2, early 1st century A.D.

c21.80

DECCAN AND SOUTH INDIA

c21.82

WESTERN DECCAN
1. Bhaja inscription No. 1
2. Inscriptions of Bhaja No's 2-6, Kondane and Pitalkhora
3. Ajanta inscription No's 1-2 EASTERN DECCAN
4. Early inscriptions from Amaravati
5. Inscription on Bhattiprolu crystal
6. Inscriptions on Bhattiprolu caskets 7. Inscriptions from Kongarpuliyangulam
8. Inscriptions from Alagarmalai, Mettuppatti and Karungalakudi
9. Inscriptions from Arittapatti and Tirupparangunram
10. Inscription No. (*a*) from Sittannavasal
11. Arikamedu Tamil inscriptions (group I)
12. Arikamedu Sanskrit inscription (group II) }all in 1st century A.D.

c21.84

DECCAN AND SOUTH INDIA

c21.86

WESTERN DECCAN

c21.87

1. Bhaja inscription No. 1
2. Inscriptions of Bhaja No's 2–6, Kondane and Pitalkhora
3. Ajanta inscription No's 1–2

c21.88

EASTERN DECCAN

c21.89

4. Early inscriptions from Amaravati
5. Inscription on Bhattiprolu crystal
6. Inscriptions on Bhattiprolu caskets $.{l} 7. Inscriptions from Kongarpuliyangulam / 8. Inscriptions from Alagarmalai, Mettuppatti, and Karungalakudi / 9. Inscriptions from Arittapatti and Tirupparangunram / 10. Inscription No. (a) from Sittannavasal / 11. Arikamedu Tamil inscriptions (group I) / 12. Arikamedu Sanskrit inscription (group II)}all in 1st century \textsc{a.d.}$

c21.92

Forms within brackets are rare examples

c21.93

1 Early group of Mathura inscriptions, mid-1st century A.D.
2. Kushāna inscriptions from Sarnath, Sahet-Mahet and Kosam, (Śaka) years 2–19
3. Inscriptions of Kanishka from Mathura, (Śaka) years 5–23
4. Mathura pedestal inscription of Kanishka, (Śaka) year 14
5. Inscriptions of Vasishka and Huvishka, (Śaka) years 28–58
6. Mathura inscription of Huvishka, (Śaka) year 33

c21.94

PLATE VIII*a

c21.96

7. Mathura inscriptions of Vāsudeva, (Śaka) years 64–80
8. Private inscriptions from Mathura, (Śaka) years 1–30
9. Private inscriptions from Mathura, (Śaka) years 31–99
10. . Sarnath inscription of Aśvaghosha, (Śaka) year 40 / Allahabad Museum inscription (Śaka) year 23 / Pahladpur pillar inscriptions, not dated
11. Magha inscriptions from Kosam, (Śaka) years 52–139
12. Bandhogadh inscriptions, (Śaka) years 51–90

c21.98

Forms within brackets are rare examples

c21.99

1. Early group of Mathura inscriptions, mid-1st century A.D.
2. Kushāna inscriptions from Sarnath, Sahet-Mahet and Kosam, (Śaka) years 2–19
3. Inscriptions of Kanishka from Mathura, (Śaka) years 5–23
4. Mathura pedestal inscription of Kanishka, (Śaka) year 14
5. Inscriptions of Vasishka and Huvishka, (Śaka) years 28–58
6. Mathura inscription of Huvishka, (Śaka) year 33 7. Mathura inscriptions of Vāsudeva, (Śaka) years 64–80
8. Private inscriptions from Mathura, (Śaka) years 1–30
9. Private inscriptions from Mathura, (Śaka) years 31–99
10. Sarnath inscription of Aśvaghosha, (Śaka) year 40 Allahabad Museum inscription, (Śaka) year 23 Pahladpur pillar inscriptions, not dated
11. Magha inscriptions from Kosam, (Śaka) years 52–139
12. Bandhogadh inscriptions, (Śaka) years 51–90

c21.101

MALWA, GUJERAT, AND DECCAN

c21.103

WESTERN DECCAN
1. Nasik inscription of Hakusiri, mid-1st century A.D.
2. Inscriptions of the time of Nahapāna and Gautamīputra Sātakarṇi, early 2nd century A.D.
3. Inscriptions of Pulumāvi, mid-2nd century A.D.
4. Inscriptions of Yajñasiri and later Sātavāhanas, late 2nd and early 3rd century A.D. GUJERAT AND MALWA
5. Inscriptions of the later Western Kshatrapa rulers, late 2nd and 3rd century A.D.
6. Badva, Nandsa, and Barnala Yūpa inscriptions, between A.D. 282 and 335 7. Bijayagadh inscriptions of the Yaudheyas and of Vishṇuvardhana, A.D. 371
8. Gunji (Chhattisgadh) rock inscription of Kumaravaradatta, early 3rd century A.D. SOUTH-WEST DECCAN
9. Myakdoni inscription of a later Pulumāvi, 3rd century A.D.
10. Malvalli inscription of Hāritīputra Sātakarṇi, early 3rd century A.D. EASTERN DECCAN
11. Inscriptions from Amaravati and Kodavali, late 2nd and early 3rd century A.D.
12. Inscriptions of the Ikshvākus, late 3rd century A.D.

c21.105

MALWA, GUJERAT, AND DECCAN

c21.107

WESTERN DECCAN
1. Nasik inscription of Hakusiri, mid-1st century A.D.
2. Inscriptions of the time of Nahapāna and Gautamīputra Sātakarṇi, early 2nd century A.D.
3. Inscriptions of Pulumāvi, mid-2nd century A.D.
4. Inscriptions of Yajñasiri and later Sātavāhanas, late 2nd and early 3rd century A.D. GUJERAT AND MALWA
5. Inscriptions of the later Western Kshatrapa rulers, late 2nd and 3rd century A.D.
6. Badva, Nandsa, and Barnala Yūpa inscriptions, between A.D. 282 and 335 7. Bijayagadh inscriptions of the Yaudheyas and of Vishṇuvardhana, A.D. 371.
8. Gunji (Chhattisgadh) rock inscription of Kumaravaradatta, early 3rd century A.D. SOUTH-WEST DECCAN:
9. Myakdoni inscription of a later Pulumāvi, 3rd century A.D.
10. Malvalli inscription of Hāritīputra Śātakarṇi, early 3rd century A.D. EASTERN DECCAN:
11. Inscriptions from Amaravati and Kodavali, late 2nd and early 3rd century A.D.
12. Inscriptions of the Ikshvākus, late 3rd century A.D.

c21.109

MIDDLE GANGES VALLEY

c21.111

1. Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudra Gupta, mid-4th century A.D.
2. Karamdanda and Bhitari Pillar inscriptions, mid-5th century A.D.
3. Gupta inscriptions, 5th century A.D.
4. Inscriptions of Magadha Maukharis, early 6th century A.D.
5. Amauna plate of Nandana, (Gupta) year 232
6. Haraha inscription of Īśānavarman, (Vikrama) year 611 7. Bodhgaya inscription of Mahānāman, (Gupta) year 269
8. Copper plates of Harshavardhana, early 7th century A.D.
9. Spurious Gaya plate of Samudra Gupta, mid-7th century A.D.
10. Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena, late 7th century A.D.
11. Deobarnark inscription of Jīvitagupta, late 7th century A.D.
12. Nalanda stone inscription of Yaśovarman, early 8th century A.D.

c21.113

MIDDLE GANGES VALLEY

c21.115

\* *Va* is used for both *Va* and *Ba* hereafter

c21.116

c21.119

1. Susunia rock inscription of Chandravarman, 4th century A.D.
2. Gupta copper plates, dated between (Gupta) years 113 and 163
3. Copper plates, 6th century A.D.
4. Nidhanpur plates of Bhāskaravarman, early 7th century A.D.
5. Inscriptions of the Khaḍga dynasty, late 7th century A.D.
6. Khalimpur plate and Mainamati plates, 8th century A.D.

c21.121

7. Inscriptions dated between (Śaka) years 386 and 427
8. Inscriptions dated between (Śaka) years 428 and 516
9. Inscriptions dated between (Śaka) years 517 and 535, and (Harsha) year 59
10. Inscriptions dated between (Harsha) years 60 and 95
11. Inscriptions dated between (Harsha) years 103 and 159

c21.122

1∗ In Bengal hereafter the form of *Va* is used for *Va* and *Ba*

c21.123

EASTERN INDIA

c21.124

BENGAL

c21.126

NEPAL

c21.128

1. Susunia rock inscription of Chandravarman, 4th century A.D.
2. Gupta copper plates. Dated between (Gupta) years 113 and 163
3. Copper plates, 6th century A.D.
4. Nidhanpur plates of Bhāskaravarman, early 7th century A.D.
5. Inscriptions of the Khaḍga dynasty, late 7th century A.D.
6. Khalimpur plate and Mainamati plates, 8th century A.D.

c21.130

2\* In these examples dental *Sa* is used for cerebral *Sha*

c21.131

7 Inscriptions dated between (Śaka) years 386 and 427
8. Inscriptions dated between (Śaka) years 428 and 516
9. Inscriptions dated between (Śaka) years 517 and 535, and (Harsha) year 59
10. Inscriptions dated between (Harsha) years 60 and 95
11. Inscriptions dated between (Harsha) years 103 and 159

c21.132

MATHURA AND THE NORTH WEST REGION

c21.134

1. Mathura inscription of Chandra Gupta II, late 4th century A.D.
2. Mathura inscription of Kumāra Gupta I, early 5th century A.D.
3. Mehrauli iron pillar inscription of Chandra, early 5th century A.D.
4. Indor plate of Skanda Gupta, (G.E.) 146
5. Shorkot inscription, (Gupta) year 83
6. Kura inscription of Toramāna, late 5th century A.D.

c21.136

7. Tusam rock inscription, early 6th century A.D.
8. Nirmand plate of Samudrasena, early 7th century A.D.
9. Early Chamba inscriptions, 7th century A.D. MANUSCRIPT STYLE
10. Turfan MS. of Kalpanāmanditikā, early 5th century A.D.
11. Bower MS., early 6th century A.D.
12. Horiuzi palm-leaf MS., early 8th century A.D.

c21.137

MATHURA AND THE NORTH WEST REGION

c21.139

\*Form of *Va* is used for both *Va* and *Ba*

c21.140

¹ Mathura inscription of Chandra Gupta II, late 4th century A.D.

c21.141

² Mathura inscription of Kumāra Gupta I, early 5th century A.D.

c21.142

³ Mehrauli iron pillar inscription of Chandra, early 5th century A.D.

c21.143

⁴ Indor plate of Skanda Gupta, (G.E.) 146
5. Shorkot inscription, (Gupta) year 83
6. Kura inscription of Toramāna, late 5th century A.D.

c21.145

7. Tusam rock inscription, early 6th century A.D.
8. Nirmand plate of Samudrasena, early 7th century A.D.
9. Early Chamba inscriptions, 7th century A.D.
Manuscript Style
10. Turfan MS. of Kalpanāmanditikā, early 5th century A.D.
11. Bower MS., early 6th century A.D.
12. Horiuzi palm-leaf MS., early 8th century A.D.

c21.146

CENTRAL INDIA AND RAJASTHAN

c21.148

1. Udayagiri cave inscription, (Gupta) year 106\
2. Bihar Kotra inscription of Naravarman, (Vikrama) year 474\ Gangdhar inscription of Viśvavarman, (Vikrama) year 480 }\
3. Sanchi inscription, (Gupta) year 131\ Mandsor inscription of Govinda Gupta, (Vikrama) year 524\ Mandsor inscription of Kumāra Gupta and Bandhuvarman, (Vikrama) year 529 }\
4. Eran pillar inscription of Budha Gupta, (Gupta) year 165\
5. Eran boar inscription of Toramāṇa, early 6th century A.D.\
6. Gwalior inscription of Mihirakula, early 6th century A.D.

c21.150

7. Mandsor inscription of Yaśodharman, (Vikrama) year 589
8. Vasantagadh inscription of Varmalāta, (Vikrama) year 682
9. Nagda inscription of Aparājita, (Vikrama) year 718
Jhalrapatan inscription of Durgaṇa, (Vikrama) year 746
10. Kanaswa inscription of Śivagaṇa, (Vikrama) year 795
11. Buchkala inscription of Nāgabhaṭa, (Vikrama) year 872
12. Barah copper plate of Bhojadeva, (Vikrama) year 893

c21.151

CENTRAL INDIA AND RAJASTHAN

c21.153

1. Udayagiri cave inscription, (Gupta) year 106.
2. Bihar Kotra inscription of Naravarman, (Vikrama) year 474\ Gangdhar inscription of Viśvavarman, (Vikrama) year 480}
3. Sanchi inscription, (Gupta) year 131\ Mandsor inscription of Govinda Gupta, (Vikrama) year 524\ Mandsor inscription of Kumāra Gupta and Bandhuvarman, (Vikrama) year 529}
4. Eran pillar inscription of Budha Gupta, (Gupta) year 165
5. Eran boar inscription of Toramāṇa, early 6th century A.D.
6. Gwalior inscription of Mihirakula, early 6th century A.D.

c21.155

7. Mandsor inscription of Yaśodharman, (Vikrama) year 589
8. Vasantagadh inscription of Varmalāta, (Vikrama) year 682
9. Nagda inscription of Aparājita, (Vikrama) year 718\ Jhalrapatan inscription of Durggaṇa, (Vikrama) year 746}
10. Kanaswa inscription of Śivagaṇa, (Vikrama) year 795
11. Buchkala inscription of Nāgabhaṭa, (Vikrama) year 872
12. Barah copper plate of Bhojadeva, (Vikrama) year 893

c21.156

KATHIAWAD AND CENTRAL INDIA

c21.158

1. Junagadh inscription of Skanda Gupta, (Gupta) years 136–137
2. Maitraka inscription, early 6th century A.D.
3. Maitraka inscription, late 6th century A.D.
4. Maitraka inscription, early 7th century A.D.
5. Maitraka inscription, late 7th century A.D.
6. Poona plate of Prabhāvati Guptā, 5th century A.D.

c21.160

7. Majhgawan plates of Mahārāya Hastin, (Gupta) year 191
8. Parivrājaka and Uchchhakalpa inscription, late 5th century A.D.
9. Parivrājaka and Uchchhakalpa inscription, early 6th century A.D.
10. Arang plates of Bhīmasena II, (Gupta) year 282
11. Tiwarkheda plates of Nannarāja, Śaka year 553
12. Samangada plates, Śaka 675 and Paithan plates, Śaka 716

c21.161

KATHIAWAD

c21.163

CENTRAL INDIA

c21.165

\* Used for both *Va* and *Ba*

c21.166

1. Junagaḍh inscription of Skanda Gupta, (Gupta) years 136–137
2. Maitraka inscription, early 6th century A.D.
3. Maitraka inscription, late 6th century A.D.
4. Maitraka inscription, early 7th century A.D.
5. Maitraka inscription, late 7th century A.D
6. Poona plate of Prabhāvati Guptā, 5th century A.D.

c21.168

¹ The form of dental *Sa* is used for cerebral *Sha*

c21.169

7. Majhgawan plates of Mahārāya Hastin, (Gupta) year 191
8. Parivrājaka and Uchchhakalpa inscription, late 5th century A.D.
9. Parivrājaka of Uchchhakalpa inscription, early 6th century A.D.
10. Arang plates of Bhīmasena II, (Gupta) year 282
11. Tiwarkheda plates of Nannarāja, Śaka year 553
12. Samangada plates, Śaka 675 and Paithan plates, Śaka 716

c21.170

EASTERN MALWA AND DECCAN

c21.172

1. Gupta inscriptions from Eastern Malwa, late 4th century A.D.
2. Bilsad Stone inscription of Kumāra Gupta I, (Gupta) year 96
3. Eastern Malwa variety, 5th century A.D.
4. Vākāṭaka inscriptions, 4th–5th century A.D.
5. Vākāṭaka inscriptions, 5th century A.D.
6. Inscriptions of Śarabhapura Kings, 6th–7th century A.D.

c21.174

7. Pipardula plate of Narendra of Śarabhapura, 7th century A.D.
8. Kadamba inscriptions, 5th century A.D.
9. Yekkeri inscriptions of the time of Pulekeśin II, early 7th century A.D.
10. Pallava inscriptions, 6th century A.D.
11. Inscriptions of the Madharas, 5th century A.D.
12. Inscriptions of the Gaṅgas, between A.D. 575 and 680

c21.175

EASTERN MALWA AND DECCAN

c21.177

c21.179

c21.180

MYSORE, MAHĀRĀSHTRA, AND GUJERAT

c21.182

1. Malvalli inscriptions of Kadamba Śivaskandavarman, early 4th century A.D.
2. Kadamba inscriptions, 5th century A.D.
3. Bannahalli plates of Kṛishṇavarman II, mid-6th century A.D.
4. Western Chālukya inscriptions, 2nd half 6th century A.D.
5. Inscriptions of Pulekeśin II, 1st half 6th century
6. Nerur plates of Vijayabhaṭṭārikā, 659 A.D.

c21.184

7\. Western Chālukya inscriptions, late 7th and early 8th century A.D. 8\. Traikūṭaka inscriptions, late 5th century A.D. 9\. Gurjara inscriptions, late 6th century A.D. 10\. Gurjara inscriptions, early 7th century A.D. 11\. Paṭṭadakal inscriptions of the Rāshtrakūṭa Dhruva, late 8th century A.D. 12\. Kaṇeṛi inscriptions of the Rāshtrakūṭas, late 8th century A.D.

c21.185

MYSORE, MAHĀRĀSHTRA, AND GUJERAT

c21.187

c21.189

7. Western Chālukya inscriptions, late 7th and early 8th century A.D.
8. Traikūṭaka inscriptions, late 5th century A.D.
9. Gurjara inscriptions, late 6th century A.D.
10. Gurjara inscriptions, early 7th century A.D.
11. Paṭṭadakal inscriptions of the Rāshṭrakūṭa Dhruva, late 8th century A.D.
12. Kanarī inscriptions of the Rāshṭrakūṭas, late 8th century A.D.

c21.190

ANDHRA AND THE NEIGHBOURING AREAS

c21.192

1. Kondamudi plates of the Bṛihatphalāyana ruler Jayavarman, early 4th century A.D.
2. The Śālaṅkāyana inscriptions, middle 4th century A.D.
3. Kanteru plates of the Śālaṅkāyana Vijaya Skandavarman, early 5th century A.D.
4. Ipur plates of the Vishṇukuṇḍin ruler Mādhavavarman I, late 6th century A.D.
5. The Vishṇukuṇḍin inscriptions, 7th century A.D.
6. The Gaṅga inscriptions, 8th century A.D.

c21.194

\* This letter could be *Lā* 1. Kondamudi plates of the Bṛihatphalāyana ruler Jayavarman, early 4th century A.D.
2. The Śālaṅkāyana inscriptions, middle 4th century A.D.
3. Kanteru plates of the Śālaṅkāyana Vijaya Skandavarman, early 5th century A.D.
4. Ipur plates of the Vishṇukuṇḍin ruler Mādhavavarman I, late 6th century A.D.
5. The Vishṇukuṇḍin inscriptions, 7th century A.D.
6. The Gaṅga inscriptions, 8th century A.D.

c21.195

⁷ Timmapuram plates of Vishṇuvardhana I, early 7th century A.D.

c21.196

⁸ Inscriptions of Jayasiṁha I, mid-7th century A.D.

c21.197

⁹ Inscriptions of Indravarman and Sarvalokāśraya, late 7th century A.D.

c21.198

¹⁰ Inscriptions of Vishṇuvardhana III and Vijayāditya, early 8th century A.D.

c21.199

¹¹ Gorantla plates of Attivarman, early 7th century A.D.

c21.200

¹² Mattepad plates of Dāmodaravarman, early 7th century A.D.

c21.203

7. Timmapuram plates of Vishṇuvardhana I, early 7th century A.D.
8. Inscriptions of Jayasiṁha I, mid-7th century A.D.
9. Inscriptions of Indravarman and Sarvalokāśraya, late 7th century A.D.
10. Inscriptions of Vishṇuvardhana III and Vijayāditya, early 8th century A.D.
11. Gorantla plates of Attivarman, early 7th century A.D.
12. Mattepad plates of Dāmodaravarman, early 7th century A.D.

c21.205

1. Siroda(Goa) plates of Devarāja, 6th century A.D.
2. Mayidavolu plates of Śivaskandavarman, late 4th century A.D.
3. Hirahadagalli plates of Śivaskandavarman, late 4th century A.D.
4. British Museum plates of Chāru Devī, early 5th century A.D.
5. Darsi plate, early 6th century A.D.
6. Magdur and Pikira grants of Siṁhavarman, middle 6th century A.D.

c21.207

7. Omgodu grant (No. II) and Chura grant, 7th–8th century A.D.
8. Udayandiram plate of Nandivarman, 7th–8th century A.D.
9. Panamalai inscription, 8th century A.D.
10. Anaimalai inscription of the time of Parentaka, A.D. 770
11. Trichinopoly cave inscriptions, 7th century A.D.
12. Mamallapuram inscriptions, 7th–8th century A.D.

c21.209

* This bipartite *Ya* is used only once

c21.210

c21.212

c21.213

CEYLON

c21.215

\* Read by others as *U*

c21.216

1. Vessagiri and Ritigala cave inscriptions, 1st century A.D.
2. Vessagiri rock ‘B’ cave No. 12 inscriptions, early 2nd century A.D.
3. Veval-Tanna cave inscriptions, early 2nd century A.D.
4. Vessagiri, Naul Pata, and Maha-Ratmale rock inscriptions, late 2nd century A.D.
5. Palu Makiecava, Thuparam, and Viharegala rock inscriptions, early 3rd century A.D.
6. Perumaiyan-kulam, Jetavanaram, and Vallipuram inscriptions, late 3rd century A.D.
7. Tonigala and Timbirivava rock inscriptions 8. Ruvanvalisaya pillar inscription of the reign of Buddhadāsa, 5th century A.D.
9. Jetavanaram fragmentary inscription, 5th century A.D.
10. Kirivehera and Anuradhpur slab inscription, late 5th century A.D.
11. Nagarikanda, Nilagama, and Anuradhpur rock inscriptions, 6th century A.D.
12. Dakkhiṇa-Thūpa inscription of Dathopatissa, 7th century A.D.
13. Kondakadu rock inscription of Upatissa, 7th century A.D.
14. Tiriyay and Kuccaveli rock inscriptions, early 8th century A.D.

c21.219

1. Vessagiri and Ritigala cave inscriptions, 1st century A.D.
2. Vessagiri rock 'B' cave No. 12 inscriptions, early 2nd century A.D.
3. Veval-Tanna cave inscriptions, early 2nd century A.D.
4. Vessagiri, Naul Pata, and Maha-Ratmale rock inscriptions, late 2nd century A.D.
5. Palu Makiecava, Thuparam, and Viharegala rock inscriptions, early 3rd century A.D.
6. Perumaiyan-kulam, Jetavanaram, and Vallipuram inscriptions, late 3rd century A.D.
7. Tonigala and Timbirivava rock inscriptions 8. Ruvanvalisaya pillar inscription of the reign of Buddhadāsa, 5th century A.D.
9. Jetavanaram fragmentary inscription, 5th century A.D.
10. Kirivehera and Anuradhpur slab inscription, late 5th century A.D.
11. Nagarikanda, Nilagama, and Anuradhpur rock inscriptions, 6th century A.D.
12. Dakkhiṇa-Thūpa inscription of Dathopatissa, 7th century A.D.
13. Kondakadu rock inscription of Upatissa, 7th century A.D.
14. Tiriyay and Kuccaveli rock inscriptions, early 8th century A.D.

c21.222

1. Vo Canh inscription of Śrīmāra, late 4th century A.D.
2. Myson inscription of Bhadravarman, 5th century A.D.
3. Hon-cuc inscription, 5th century A.D.
4. Cho-Dinh inscription of Dharmamahārāja Bhadravarman, 5th century A.D.
5. Cham inscription from Dong-yen-chau, 5th century A.D.
6. Myson inscription of Śambhuvarman, 6th century A.D.
7. Thap-Muoi inscription of Guṇavarman, 6th century A.D.

c21.224

\* This form of the medial *U* is used only once

c21.225

INDOCHINA

c21.226

8. Ta Prohm inscription of Rudravarman, 6th century A.D.
9. Tham Prasat inscription of Mahendravarman, mid-6th century A.D.
10. Han Chey inscription of Bhavavarman, late 6th century A.D.
11. Bayang inscription, dated Śaka 546 = A.D. 624
12. Ang Pou inscription of the time of Īśānavarman, early 7th century A.D.
13. Ang Chumnik inscription of Jayavarman, dated Śaka 589 = A.D. 667

c21.228

INDOCHINA
1. Vo Canh inscription of Śrīmāra, late 4th century A.D.
2. Myson inscription of Bhadravarman, 5th century A.D.
3. Hon-cuc inscription, 5th century A.D.
4. Cho-Dinh inscription of Dharmamahārāja Bhadravarman, 5th century A.D.
5. Cham inscription from Dong-yen-chau, 5th century A.D.
6. Myson inscription of Śambhuvarman, 6th century A.D.
7. Thap-Muoi inscription of Guṇavarman, 6th century A.D.

c21.230

c21.232

1* The angular lower hook is rare

c21.233

BORNEO
1. Inscriptions of Mūlavarman, late 5th century A.D. WESTERN JAVA
2. Ci-Aruton inscription of Pūrṇavarman, early 6th century A.D.
3. Jambu and Kebon Kopi inscriptions, early 6th century A.D.
4. Tuga inscription of Pūrṇavarman, early 6th century A.D. CENTRAL JAVA
5. Inscription from Tuk Mas, early 7th century A.D.
6. Inscription from Caŋggal, dated Śaka 654 = A.D. 732 7. Kedah site No. 10 discs, 7th-8th century A.D.
8. Kedah site No. 1 stone inscription, 5th century A.D.
9. Kedah site No. 2 tablet inscription, early 7th century A.D.
10. Inscription of Mahānāvika Buddhagupta, early 6th century A.D. SUMATRA
11. Inscription of Kedukan Bukit (1), dated Śaka 605 = A.D. 683
12. Kotakapur and Talang Tuwo inscriptions, dated Śaka 608 and 606

c21.236

\* The angular lower hook is rare
⊗ The circle-type of the medial *I* occurs only once

c21.237

BORNEO
1. Inscriptions of Mulavarman, late 5th century A.D. WESTERN JAVA
2. Ci-Aruton inscription of Pūrṇavarman, early 6th century A.D.
3. Jambu and Kebon Kopi inscriptions, early 6th century A.D.
4. Tugu inscription of Pūrṇavarman, early 6th century A.D. CENTRAL JAVA
5. Inscription from Tuk Mas, early 7th century A.D.
6. Inscription from Canggal, dated Śaka 654 = A.D. 732

c21.238

PLATE XXI*b

c21.240

MALAYA
7. Kedah site No. 10 discs, 7th–8th century A.D.
8. Kedah site No. 1 stone inscription, 5th century A.D.
9. Kedah site No. 2 tablet inscription, early 7th century A.D.
10. Inscription of Mahānāvika Buddhagupta, early 6th century A.D. SUMATRA
11. Inscription of Kedukan Bukit (1), dated Śaka 605 = A.D. 683
12. Kotakapur and Talang Tuwo inscriptions, dated Śaka 608 and 606

c21.242

[^asterisk]: This is actually the form of *O*, but in Pyu and Mon languages it is used for *U*

c21.243

Arakan
1. Bell inscription from Vesali, late 7th century a.d.
2. Sandoway stone inscription, late 7th century a.d.

c21.244

Burma
3. Hmawza bilingual inscription only Sanskrit text, 7th century a.d.
4. Hmawza bilingual inscription only Pyu text, 7th century a.d.
5. Payagyi (Hmawza) Pyu inscriptions, 7th century a.d.
6. Halingyi Pyu inscription, 7th century a.d.

c21.246

7. Pyu text of Myazedi inscription, A.D. 1112–13
8. Maunggun gold plates, late 6th century A.D.
9. Kawgun cave inscription, 6th–7th century A.D. SIAM
10. Srideb inscription, 6th century A.D.
11. Pra Pathom Mon inscription, 7th century A.D.
12. Vāt Maheyang inscription, 7th century A.D.

c21.248

\* The medial is read as *o* and not *au*

c21.249

ARAKAN

c21.250

1. Bell inscription from Vesali, late 7th century A.D.
2. Sandoway stone inscription, late 7th century A.D.

c21.251

BURMA

c21.252

3. Hmawza bilingual inscription only Sanskrit text, 7th century A.D.
4. Hmawza bilingual inscription only Pyu text, 7th century A.D.
5. Payagyi (Hmawza) Pyu inscriptions, 7th century A.D.
6. Halìngyi Pyu inscription, 7th century A.D.

c21.254

⊕ Blagden reads it as initial *O*

c21.255

7. Pyu text of Myazedi inscription, a.d. 1112–13

c21.256

8 Maunggun gold plates, late 6th century a.d.
9. Kawgun cave inscription, 6th–7th century a.d. SIAM
10. Srideb inscription, 6th century a.d.
11. Pra Pathom Mon inscription, 7th century a.d.
12. Vāt Maheyang inscription, 7th century a.d.

c21.257

THE KHAROṢṬHĪ SCRIPT

c21.259

1. Shahbazgarhi and Mansehra R.E. of Aśoka, 3rd century B.C.
2. Indo-Greek Coins, 2nd-1st century B.C.
3. Bajaur casket early inscriptions, 2nd century B.C.
4. Bajaur casket late inscriptions, 1st century B.C.
5. Shahdaur, Mansehra and Fatehjang inscriptions, dated between 60 and 68
6. Taxila copper-plate inscription of Patika, dated the year 78 7. Takhti-Bahi inscription of Guduvharasa, dated the year 103
8. Mathura Lion Capital inscription of the time of Rajula, early 1st century A.D.
9. Taxila silver scroll inscription of the time of Khushana, dated the year 136
10. Sui Vihar inscription, dated Kanishka? year 11
11. Ara inscription of Kanishka son of Vajheshka, dated Kanishka? year 41
12. Wardak inscription of the reign of Huvishka, dated Kanishka? year 51
13. Kharoshṭhī from Niya site, about 2nd century A.D.

c21.261

THE KHAROṢṬHĪ SCRIPT

c21.263

¹ only in the late coins

c21.264

1. Shahbazgarhi and Mansehra R.E. of Aśoka, 3rd century B.C.
2. Indo-Greek Coins, 2nd–1st century B.C.
3. Bajaur casket early inscriptions, 2nd century B.C.
4. Bajaur, casket late inscriptions, 1st century B.C.
5. Shahdaur, Mansehra, and Fatehjang inscriptions, dated between 60 and 68
6. Taxila copper-plate inscription of Patika, dated the year 78

c21.266

② Found in the coins of the Vṛishṇis
7. Takhti-Bahi inscription of Guduvharasa, dated the year 103
8. Mathura Lion Capital inscription of the time of Rajula, early 1st century A.D.
9. Taxila silver scroll inscription of the time of Khushana, dated the year 136
10. Sui Vihar inscription, dated Kaniṣka? year 11
11. Ara inscription of Kanishka son of Vajheshka, dated Kanishka? year 41
12. Wardak inscription of the reign of Huvishka, dated Kanishka? year 51
13. Kharoshṭhī from Niya site, about 2nd century A.D.

Linked texts (12)

Kalpanāmaṇḍitikā Dṛṣṭāntapaṅkti — Kumāralāta, Sanskrit
Bower Manuscript — Sanskrit
Timmapuram plates of Viṣṇuvardhana I — Sanskrit
Ruvanvälisǟya Pillar Inscription of the Reign of Buddhadāsa — Sinhala
Rummindei (Lumbinī) pillar inscription — Prakrit
Mayidavolu plates of Sivaskandavarman (ed. Hultzsch 1901) — Prakrit
British Museum plates of Charudevi — Prakrit
Mattepad plates of Damodaravarman — Sanskrit
Tusam rock inscription — Sanskrit
Bhaṭṭiprōlu crystal inscription (X) (ed. Bühler 1894) — Prakrit
Sohgaura copper plate (ed. Bühler 1896) — Prakrit
Sānchi inscription (No. 274) — Prakrit