Indian Palaeography c5: Contents

Indian Palaeography c5

Language: English

c5.1

Early palaeographers; their achievements; James Prinsep; the second group of palaeographers; their purpose; their methods; their achievements; the stage of their palaeographical knowledge; the new approach; bibliography.

c5.4

| 2. THE INDUS SCRIPT | 12 |

c5.5

Definition; origin; attempted decipherments; new approach; method followed here; direction of writing; nature of the script; special features; conclusion; bibliography.

c5.6

| APPENDIX to Chapter 2. THE INDUS SCRIPT AND THE LATER SYMBOLS | 20 |

c5.7

Symbols on the punch-marked coins; bibliography.

c5.8

| 3. ORIGIN OF BRĀHMĪ | 23 |

c5.9

Old concepts; new approach; influence of the grammar; the alphabet; alphabet *versus* script; direction of writing; the particular source; conclusion; bibliography.

c5.10

| 4. AŚOKAN BRĀHMĪ | 31 |

c5.11

Definition; material of writing; technique of engraving; method of reproduction; arrangement of plates; style of writing; the initial vowels; consonants; formation of the conjuncts; the medial vowels and the *anusvāra*; punctuation; conclusion; bibliography.

c5.12

| 5. THE PROVINCIAL BRĀHMĪ SCRIPT TO THE MIDDLE OF THE FIRST CENTURY A.D. | 50 |

c5.13

Definition; new approach; classification; development of the alphabet; Eastern India; Nagarjuni cave inscriptions; Piprahwa vase inscription; Sohgaura plate; Mahasthan inscription; Ramgarh inscriptions; Bharhut, Bodhgaya, Hathigumpha, and Ayodhya inscriptions; North-west India; palaeography of the coins; Heliodorus inscriptions; Barli, Ghosundi, and Bhilsa inscriptions; Mathura inscriptions; Sanchi inscriptions; Kangra Valley inscriptions; North-west Deccan; Nanaghat I; Nanaghat II; Andhra coins; South India; Bhattiprolu inscriptions, Amaravati inscriptions; cave inscriptions of the south; Arikamedu potsherds; bibliography.

c5.14

6. BRĀHMĪ WRITING STYLES BETWEEN THE FIRST AND THE FOURTH CENTURIES A.D.

c5.15

Definition; new approach; Lohuizen's theory; new features; terminology; new signs; the Indus zone; Mohenjodaro potsherds; Tor Dheri potsherds; Mathura styles; early group; Kushāṇa inscriptions; Sanchi style; eastern styles; Kauśāmbī style; the backward area of Madhya Pradesh; Eastern Malwa; North-eastern Rajasthan; Gujarat and Western Deccan; Inscription of Haku Siri; private inscriptions of the Śakas and the Yavanas; inscriptions of Nahapāna and Gautamīputra Sātakarṇi; inscriptions of the Chashṭana group of the Western Kshatrapas; inscriptions of Puḷumāvī; Eastern Deccan; later Sātavāhana writing; Ikshvāku writing; South-west Deccan; early Gupta inscriptions; Basarh and Sahet-Mahet seals; Kauśāmbī style of the fourth century—Susunia inscription; Allahabad pillar inscription; Eastern Malwa style of the fourth century; Mathura inscriptions of Chandra Gupta II; bibliography.

c5.16

7. THE PROTO-REGIONAL SCRIPTS

c5.17

Definition; main groups; subgroups; Alberuni's classification; new techniques; technical development; taste for ornamentation; tendency to simplification; new symbols.

c5.18

A I. *The Middle Ganges Valley*,

c5.19

(a) Fourth-century inscriptions; (b) (i) and (b) (ii) fifth-century inscriptions; (c) sixth-century inscriptions; (i) the general characteristics; (ii) the new types of medial vowels; (iii) the development of new forms; (d) seventh-century inscriptions; (e) eighth-century inscriptions.

c5.20

A II. *Eastern India*.

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(a) *Bengal*: (i) Susunia inscription; (ii) fifth-century copper plate style; (iii) sixth-century copper plate style; (iv) Nidhanpur copper plate; (v) Khaḍga inscriptions; (vi) Khalimpur plate and other inscriptions of the time.

c5.22

(b) *Nepal*: the question of the eras; (i) inscriptions of the fifth and sixth century; (ii) inscriptions of the first half of the seventh century; (iii) inscriptions of the later half of the seventh century.

c5.23

A III. *Mathura and the north-western region*: technique of writing;

c5.24

(a) Mathura school of the Gupta period; (b) Mehrauli pillar inscription; (c) Shorkot inscription; (d) Tusam inscription; (e) Kangra style; (f) Chamba style; (g) the manuscript style of the Gupta period; (h) Bower MS.; (i) Horiuzi Palm-leaf MS.

c5.25

B IV. *Rajasthan and Central India*.

c5.26

(a) *Malwa and Rajasthan*: (i) Udayagiri cave inscription; (ii) inscriptions of the local rulers; (iii) Eran and Gwalior inscriptions; (iv) Mandasor inscriptions; (v) Vasantagadh and Nagda inscriptions; (vi) Kanaswa, Buchkala, and Barah plate inscriptions.

c5.27

(b) *The inscriptions of the Parivrājakas and the Uchchhakalpas*: (i) copper plates showing hollow triangular head-marks; (ii) copper plates showing notched head-marks.

c5.28

c5.29

B V. *Gujarat and Kathiawad*:

c5.30

(a) Junagadh inscription of Skanda Gupta; (b) inscriptions of the Traikūṭakas; (c) inscriptions of the Gurjaras; (*d*) inscriptions of the Maitrakas; (i) inscriptions of the sixth century; (ii) inscriptions of the seventh century. 165

c5.31

C VI. *Deccan:* (a) the Malwa variety of the fourth century; (*b*) Bilsad stone inscription of Kumāra Gupta; (*c*) the Malwa variety of the fifth century; (*d*) Vākāṭaka inscriptions; (*e*) inscriptions of the kings of Śarabhapura; (*f*) other southern square-headed types; (i) the Kadamba inscriptions; (ii) Yekkeri rock inscription; (iii) Gaṅga inscriptions. 170

c5.32

D VII. *Mysore and Maharashtra:* (a) the inscriptions of the Kadambas; (i) Maḷvalli inscription; (ii) the Prakrit inscription of Mayūraśarman; fifth-century Kadamba style; (iii) Bannahalli plates; (*b*) the inscriptions of the Western Chālukyas; (i) sixth- and early seventh-century inscriptions; (ii) inscriptions of Satyāśraya and Kīrttivarman II; (*c*) inscriptions of the Rāshtrakūṭas. 179

c5.33

D VIII. *Andhra and the neighbouring areas:* (a) the inscriptions of the Bṛihatphalāyanas; (*b*) the inscriptions of the Śālaṅkāyanas and the Vishṇukuṇḍins; (i) fourth- to sixth-century inscriptions; (ii) seventh-century inscriptions; (*c*) the inscriptions of the Gaṅgas; (*d*) the inscriptions of the Eastern Chālukyas; (i) seventh-century style; (ii) eighth-century style; (*e*) the inscriptions of the Ānandas. 186

c5.34

D IX. *South India:* (a) the earliest inscription of the Pallavas; (*b*) Siroda plates of Devarāja; Mayidavolu plates; (*c*) Hirahadagalli inscription; (*d*) British Museum plate; (*e*) Darsi plate; (*f*) inscriptions of Simhavarman; (i) Magdur and Pikira plates; (ii) Vilavati plates; (iii) proto-Kannadi style; (*g*) stone inscriptions of seventheighth-century A.D.; bibliography. 193

c5.35

8. CEYLON 215

c5.36

Scope; nature of writing; inscriptions written from right to left; A, the earliest Ceylonese writing; B, Vevala-Tanna and other inscriptions; C, Pulu-Makichava and other inscriptions; D, Perumaiyankulam inscription; E, Tonigala and other inscriptions; F, Ruvanvalisaya and other inscriptions; G, Nagarikanda and other inscriptions; H, Kondakadu inscription; I, Tiriraya rock inscriptions; conclusion; bibliography.

c5.37

9. SOUTH-EAST ASIA 227

c5.38

Scope; new approach; contacts with India; (i) Oc-èo seals; (ii) southern styles of the sixth-century; Burma and her relations.

c5.39

*Indo-china:* A, Lin-i; (i) Vo-canh inscription; (ii) square headed letters; (iii) the earliest Cham inscription; (iv) Myson inscription of Śambhuvarman; B, Fou-nan; (i) sixth-century inscriptions; (ii) intermediate group of inscriptions; (iii) seventh-century inscriptions. 231

c5.40

*Borneo:* Koetei Yūpa inscriptions. 237

c5.41

*Java:* A, Western Java; inscriptions of Pūrṇavarman; B, Central Java. 238

c5.42

*Malaya:* (i) the early stone inscription; (ii) Buddhagupta inscription; (iii) tablet inscriptions. 239

c5.43

*Sumatra:* seventh-century inscriptions. 240

c5.44

*Burma:* A, Sanskrit inscriptions; B, Pyu inscriptions; C, Prakrit inscriptions; Kawgun cave inscription. 241

c5.45

*Siam:* bibliography. 247

c5.46

10. THE KHAROSHTHI SCRIPT 251 Nomenclature; area; period; nature; technique; origin; writing styles; 1, Aśokan rock edicts; 2, Indo-Greek coin legends; 3, Indo-Greek inscriptions; 4–6, Indo-Scythic inscriptions; 7–9, Indo-Parthian inscriptions; 10–12, the Kushāṇa style; 13, the manuscript style; conclusion; bibliography.

c5.47

APPENDIX. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 273