[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Indian Palaeography](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963) › c5 # Indian Palaeography c5: Contents Indian Palaeography c5 - **Language:** English ### Contents ### [c5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.1) | FOREWORD BY DR. A.L. BASHAM | vii | | PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION | ix | | PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION | xix | | LIST OF PLATES | xxvii | | ABBREVIATIONS | xxix | ### [c5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.2) | 1. INTRODUCTION | I | ### [c5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.3) Early palaeographers; their achievements; James Prinsep; the second group of palaeographers; their purpose; their methods; their achievements; the stage of their palaeographical knowledge; the new approach; bibliography. ### [c5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.4) | 2. THE INDUS SCRIPT | 12 | ### [c5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.5) Definition; origin; attempted decipherments; new approach; method followed here; direction of writing; nature of the script; special features; conclusion; bibliography. ### [c5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.6) | APPENDIX to Chapter 2. THE INDUS SCRIPT AND THE LATER SYMBOLS | 20 | ### [c5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.7) Symbols on the punch-marked coins; bibliography. ### [c5.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.8) | 3. ORIGIN OF BRĀHMĪ | 23 | ### [c5.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.9) Old concepts; new approach; influence of the grammar; the alphabet; alphabet \*versus\* script; direction of writing; the particular source; conclusion; bibliography. ### [c5.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.10) | 4. AŚOKAN BRĀHMĪ | 31 | ### [c5.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.11) Definition; material of writing; technique of engraving; method of reproduction; arrangement of plates; style of writing; the initial vowels; consonants; formation of the conjuncts; the medial vowels and the \*anusvāra\*; punctuation; conclusion; bibliography. ### [c5.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.12) | 5. THE PROVINCIAL BRĀHMĪ SCRIPT TO THE MIDDLE OF THE FIRST CENTURY A.D. | 50 | ### [c5.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.13) Definition; new approach; classification; development of the alphabet; Eastern India; Nagarjuni cave inscriptions; Piprahwa vase inscription; Sohgaura plate; Mahasthan inscription; Ramgarh inscriptions; Bharhut, Bodhgaya, Hathigumpha, and Ayodhya inscriptions; North-west India; palaeography of the coins; Heliodorus inscriptions; Barli, Ghosundi, and Bhilsa inscriptions; Mathura inscriptions; Sanchi inscriptions; Kangra Valley inscriptions; North-west Deccan; Nanaghat I; Nanaghat II; Andhra coins; South India; Bhattiprolu inscriptions, Amaravati inscriptions; cave inscriptions of the south; Arikamedu potsherds; bibliography. ### [c5.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.14) 6. BRĀHMĪ WRITING STYLES BETWEEN THE FIRST AND THE FOURTH CENTURIES A.D. ### [c5.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.15) Definition; new approach; Lohuizen's theory; new features; terminology; new signs; the Indus zone; Mohenjodaro potsherds; Tor Dheri potsherds; Mathura styles; early group; Kushāṇa inscriptions; Sanchi style; eastern styles; Kauśāmbī style; the backward area of Madhya Pradesh; Eastern Malwa; North-eastern Rajasthan; Gujarat and Western Deccan; Inscription of Haku Siri; private inscriptions of the Śakas and the Yavanas; inscriptions of Nahapāna and Gautamīputra Sātakarṇi; inscriptions of the Chashṭana group of the Western Kshatrapas; inscriptions of Puḷumāvī; Eastern Deccan; later Sātavāhana writing; Ikshvāku writing; South-west Deccan; early Gupta inscriptions; Basarh and Sahet-Mahet seals; Kauśāmbī style of the fourth century—Susunia inscription; Allahabad pillar inscription; Eastern Malwa style of the fourth century; Mathura inscriptions of Chandra Gupta II; bibliography. ### [c5.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.16) 7. THE PROTO-REGIONAL SCRIPTS ### [c5.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.17) Definition; main groups; subgroups; Alberuni's classification; new techniques; technical development; taste for ornamentation; tendency to simplification; new symbols. ### [c5.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.18) A I. \*The Middle Ganges Valley\*, ### [c5.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.19) (a) Fourth-century inscriptions; (b) (i) and (b) (ii) fifth-century inscriptions; (c) sixth-century inscriptions; (i) the general characteristics; (ii) the new types of medial vowels; (iii) the development of new forms; (d) seventh-century inscriptions; (e) eighth-century inscriptions. ### [c5.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.20) A II. \*Eastern India\*. ### [c5.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.21) (a) \*Bengal\*: (i) Susunia inscription; (ii) fifth-century copper plate style; (iii) sixth-century copper plate style; (iv) Nidhanpur copper plate; (v) Khaḍga inscriptions; (vi) Khalimpur plate and other inscriptions of the time. ### [c5.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.22) (b) \*Nepal\*: the question of the eras; (i) inscriptions of the fifth and sixth century; (ii) inscriptions of the first half of the seventh century; (iii) inscriptions of the later half of the seventh century. ### [c5.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.23) A III. \*Mathura and the north-western region\*: technique of writing; ### [c5.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.24) (a) Mathura school of the Gupta period; (b) Mehrauli pillar inscription; (c) Shorkot inscription; (d) Tusam inscription; (e) Kangra style; (f) Chamba style; (g) the manuscript style of the Gupta period; (h) Bower MS.; (i) Horiuzi Palm-leaf MS. ### [c5.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.25) B IV. \*Rajasthan and Central India\*. ### [c5.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.26) (a) \*Malwa and Rajasthan\*: (i) Udayagiri cave inscription; (ii) inscriptions of the local rulers; (iii) Eran and Gwalior inscriptions; (iv) Mandasor inscriptions; (v) Vasantagadh and Nagda inscriptions; (vi) Kanaswa, Buchkala, and Barah plate inscriptions. ### [c5.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.27) (b) \*The inscriptions of the Parivrājakas and the Uchchhakalpas\*: (i) copper plates showing hollow triangular head-marks; (ii) copper plates showing notched head-marks. ### [c5.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.28) (c) \*The inscriptions of the Rāshtrakūṭas\*: The proto-Nāgarī inscriptions. ### [c5.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.29) B V. \*Gujarat and Kathiawad\*: ### [c5.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.30) (a) Junagadh inscription of Skanda Gupta; (b) inscriptions of the Traikūṭakas; (c) inscriptions of the Gurjaras; (\*d\*) inscriptions of the Maitrakas; (i) inscriptions of the sixth century; (ii) inscriptions of the seventh century. 165 ### [c5.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.31) C VI. \*Deccan:\* (a) the Malwa variety of the fourth century; (\*b\*) Bilsad stone inscription of Kumāra Gupta; (\*c\*) the Malwa variety of the fifth century; (\*d\*) Vākāṭaka inscriptions; (\*e\*) inscriptions of the kings of Śarabhapura; (\*f\*) other southern square-headed types; (i) the Kadamba inscriptions; (ii) Yekkeri rock inscription; (iii) Gaṅga inscriptions. 170 ### [c5.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.32) D VII. \*Mysore and Maharashtra:\* (a) the inscriptions of the Kadambas; (i) Maḷvalli inscription; (ii) the Prakrit inscription of Mayūraśarman; fifth-century Kadamba style; (iii) Bannahalli plates; (\*b\*) the inscriptions of the Western Chālukyas; (i) sixth- and early seventh-century inscriptions; (ii) inscriptions of Satyāśraya and Kīrttivarman II; (\*c\*) inscriptions of the Rāshtrakūṭas. 179 ### [c5.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.33) D VIII. \*Andhra and the neighbouring areas:\* (a) the inscriptions of the Bṛihatphalāyanas; (\*b\*) the inscriptions of the Śālaṅkāyanas and the Vishṇukuṇḍins; (i) fourth- to sixth-century inscriptions; (ii) seventh-century inscriptions; (\*c\*) the inscriptions of the Gaṅgas; (\*d\*) the inscriptions of the Eastern Chālukyas; (i) seventh-century style; (ii) eighth-century style; (\*e\*) the inscriptions of the Ānandas. 186 ### [c5.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.34) D IX. \*South India:\* (a) the earliest inscription of the Pallavas; (\*b\*) Siroda plates of Devarāja; Mayidavolu plates; (\*c\*) Hirahadagalli inscription; (\*d\*) British Museum plate; (\*e\*) Darsi plate; (\*f\*) inscriptions of Simhavarman; (i) Magdur and Pikira plates; (ii) Vilavati plates; (iii) proto-Kannadi style; (\*g\*) stone inscriptions of seventheighth-century A.D.; bibliography. 193 ### [c5.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.35) 8. CEYLON 215 ### [c5.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.36) Scope; nature of writing; inscriptions written from right to left; A, the earliest Ceylonese writing; B, Vevala-Tanna and other inscriptions; C, Pulu-Makichava and other inscriptions; D, Perumaiyankulam inscription; E, Tonigala and other inscriptions; F, Ruvanvalisaya and other inscriptions; G, Nagarikanda and other inscriptions; H, Kondakadu inscription; I, Tiriraya rock inscriptions; conclusion; bibliography. ### [c5.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.37) 9. SOUTH-EAST ASIA 227 ### [c5.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.38) Scope; new approach; contacts with India; (i) Oc-èo seals; (ii) southern styles of the sixth-century; Burma and her relations. ### [c5.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.39) \*Indo-china:\* A, Lin-i; (i) Vo-canh inscription; (ii) square headed letters; (iii) the earliest Cham inscription; (iv) Myson inscription of Śambhuvarman; B, Fou-nan; (i) sixth-century inscriptions; (ii) intermediate group of inscriptions; (iii) seventh-century inscriptions. 231 ### [c5.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.40) \*Borneo:\* Koetei Yūpa inscriptions. 237 ### [c5.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.41) \*Java:\* A, Western Java; inscriptions of Pūrṇavarman; B, Central Java. 238 ### [c5.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.42) \*Malaya:\* (i) the early stone inscription; (ii) Buddhagupta inscription; (iii) tablet inscriptions. 239 ### [c5.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.43) \*Sumatra:\* seventh-century inscriptions. 240 ### [c5.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.44) \*Burma:\* A, Sanskrit inscriptions; B, Pyu inscriptions; C, Prakrit inscriptions; Kawgun cave inscription. 241 ### [c5.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.45) \*Siam:\* bibliography. 247 ### [c5.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.46) 10. THE KHAROSHTHI SCRIPT 251 Nomenclature; area; period; nature; technique; origin; writing styles; 1, Aśokan rock edicts; 2, Indo-Greek coin legends; 3, Indo-Greek inscriptions; 4–6, Indo-Scythic inscriptions; 7–9, Indo-Parthian inscriptions; 10–12, the Kushāṇa style; 13, the manuscript style; conclusion; bibliography. ### [c5.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5.47) APPENDIX. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 273 --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.dani-1963.c5) · Pramāṇa