[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003) › c27.s13 # Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s13: 7.11 Sandhi of consonant and vowel Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s13 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [c27.s13.t1 7.11.1 In personal names](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1) — 6 parts - [c27.s13.t2 7.11.2 In place names](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2) — 9 parts ### 7.11 Sandhi of consonant and vowel ### [c27.s13.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.1) When a final consonant is followed by a vowel, they join to form the corresponding consonant-vowel (\*uyirmey\*). This process is also called natural sandhi (\*iyalpu-p-puṇarcci\*) in traditional grammar. ### [c27.s13.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.2) | \*ūratai-(ūr+ atai)\* | 'the \*a(n)tai\* of the village' | 56.1.c-2 | | \*uraṟam\* (\*ūr+ aṟam\*) | 'charity by the village' | 76.3.b-4 | | \*ēḷur\* (\*ēḷ\* + \*ur\* (\*ūr\*)) | | 121.1.a-b | | \*o(p)paṇa(p)pa-(oppaṉ\* + \*appa-)\* | | 79.1.a-b | | \*kāḷitika-(kāḷ\* + \*itika\* (\*-atika-\*)) | 'superintendent of pearls' | 3.6.a-b | ### [c27.s13.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.3) \*tēṉūr\* (\*tēṉ\* + \*ūr\*) 73.2.a-b ### [c27.s13.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.4) \*nīraṇa-\* (\*nīr\* + \*aṇa-\*) 'dam across the river' 120.2.a-b ### [c27.s13.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.5) \*māṇākkarārātaṇi\* (\*māṇākkar\* + \*ārātaṇi\*) ### [c27.s13.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.6) 'penance of fast by the disciple' 115.5-6 ### [c27.s13.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.7) \*Exceptions\* ### [c27.s13.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.8) There are many exceptions to the above rule in the Corpus due to the orthographic style of writing separately words and suffixes commencing with a vowel. The following list of exceptions is confined to 'inscriptional words' (as listed in the Inscriptional Glossary) including composite names, noun phrases, compound verbs, etc. There are more exceptions if a sentence is taken as the unit. ### 7.11.1 In personal names ### [c27.s13.t1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1.1) \*ataṉ ataṉ\* 36.3.a-b ### [c27.s13.t1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1.2) \*kaṭal-aṉ\* 1.7.a ### [c27.s13.t1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1.3) \*kuv-aṉ\* 1.2.c ### [c27.s13.t1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1.4) \*cilivaṉ atiṭaṉ\* 7.2.a-b ### [c27.s13.t1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1.5) \*ceṟ-ataṉ-ōṉ\* 12.4 ### [c27.s13.t1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t1.6) \*neṭumān\* (\*-māṉ\*) \*añci\* 59.2.c-d ### 7.11.2 In place names ### [c27.s13.t2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.1) \*akaḻ-ūr\* 76.3.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.2) \*eḻai-y-ūr\* 34.1.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.3) \*kumuḷ-ūr\* 49.2.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.4) \*tāvaṉ-ūr\* 63.3.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.5) \*nalli-y-ūr\* 66.1.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.6) \*patiṉ-ūr\* 30.1.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.7) \*pākaṉ-ūr\* 13.1.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.8) \*veḷ-aṟai\* 6.1.a-b ### [c27.s13.t2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13.t2.9) \*vēmpiṟ-ūr\* 35.1.b-c --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s13) · Pramāṇa