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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s16: 7.14 Assimilation

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s16

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7.14 Assimilation

7.14.1 Regressive assimilation (of the preceding to the succeeding consonant)

c27.s16.t1.1

7.14.1.1 *nasal* + *stop

c27.s16.t1.2

| *m* + *k* > -*ṅk*- | [*i*^\*]!*aṅkaṭuṅkō* (*iḷam* + *kaṭum* + *kō*) | 61.11.a-b-c |
| | *iḷaṅkāyipaṉ* (*iḷam* + *kāyipaṉ*) | 76.1.a-b |
| | [*i*^\*]!*aṅkō* (*iḷam* + *kō*) 'heir apparent' | 61.12.a-b |
| | *kaṭuṅkōṉ* (*kaṭum* + *kōṉ*) | 62.11.a-b |
| | *ceṅkāyapaṉ* (*cem* + *kāyapaṉ*) | 61.4.a-b |
| | *ceṅkuviraṉ* (*cem* + *kuviraṉ*) | 22.1.a-b |
| | *peruṅkaṭuṅkōṉ* (*perum* + *kaṭum* + *kōṉ*) | 61.9.a-b-c |
| | *peruṅkīraṉ* (*perum* + *kīraṉ*) | 72.3.a-b |
| | *peruṅkūṟṟaṉ* (*perum* + *kūṟṟaṉ*) | 88.6.a-b |
| | *veṅkōmalai* (*vem* + *kō* + *malai*) | 119.1.a-b |
| *m* + *c* > -*ñc*- | *iḷañcaṭikaṉ* (*iḷam* + *caṭikaṉ*) | 2.7. a-b |
| | *neṭiñcaḻiyaṉ* (*neṭim* + *caḻiyaṉ*) | 2.5.a-b |
| | *neṭuñcaḻiyaṉ* (*neṭum* + *caḻiyaṉ*) | 1.5.a-b |
| *m* + *t* > -*nt*- | *centaṇṭaṉ* (*cem* + *taṇṭaṉ*) | 109.1.a-b |
| | *pentōṭaṉ* (*perum* > *pem* + *tōṭaṉ*) | 102.1.a-b |
| | *perunta(c)caṉ* (*perum* + *taccaṉ*) 'master mason' | 117.3.a-b |

c27.s16.t1.3

† *m* + *p* > *-mp-* *aimpattēḻ-* (*aim* + *pattu* + *ēḻ*) 'fifty-seven' 116.1.a-b *irumpoṟai* (*irum* + *poṟai*) 61.7.c-d *campokal* (*cam* + *pokal*) 105.1.a-b *campoykaipēṭu* (*cam* + *poykai* + *pēṭu*) 101.1.a-b *perumpokaḷ* (*perum* + *pokaḷ*) 83.1.a-b

c27.s16.t1.4

† Listed here for the reason that *m* is the homorganic nasal for *p*; the items may also be regarded as sandhi without change.

c27.s16.t1.5

*ṉ* + *k* > *-ṟk-* *poṟkoṟṟi* (*poṉ* + *koṟṟi*) 113.3.a-b

c27.s16.t1.6

*ṉ* + *c* > *-ñc-* *mōnalañ-cāttaṉ* (*mōnalaṉ* + *cāttaṉ*) 121.2.a-b

c27.s16.t1.7

This sandhi is also a semantic indicator of father-son relationship (*Tol. Eḻu.* 350). The situation is uncertain when the change does not occur, as in

c27.s16.t1.8

*ātaṉ cāttāṉ* (*cāttaṉ*) 74.2.a-b *tiyaṉ cantaṉ* 47.1.a-b *tēvaṉ cāttaṉ* 85.4.a-b

c27.s16.t1.9

7.14.1.2 *nasal* + *nasal

c27.s16.t1.10

*m* + *n* > *-nn-* *aṇacaṉan-nōṟṟa* (*aṇacaṉam* + *nōṟṟa*) 'who observed the penance of fasting' 116.2-3

c27.s16.t1.11

7.14.1.3 *liquid* + *stop

c27.s16.t1.12

*l* + *c* > *-ṟc-* *mēṟcēri* (*mēl* + *cēri*) 112.2.a-b

c27.s16.t1.13

*ḷ* + *k* > *-ṭk-* *veṇkāsipaṉ* (*veḷ* + *kāsipaṉ*) 14.1.a-b

c27.s16.t1.14

*ḷ* + *p* > *-ṭp-* *veṇpa(!)ḷi* (*veḷ* + *paḷḷi*) 46.1.a-b

c27.s16.t1.15

7.14.1.4 *liquid* + *nasal

c27.s16.t1.16

*ḷ* + *n* > *-ṇṇ-* *eṇṇai* (*eḷ* + *nai* (*ney*)) 'gingily oil' 70.1.a-b

c27.s16.t1.17

*Exceptions*

c27.s16.t1.18

*l* + *k* *kal kañcaṇam* 'a stone structure' 14.3.a-b

c27.s16.t1.19

*l* + *m* *nalmuḷa-ukai* 'auspicious cave' 17.3.a-b

c27.s16.t1.20

*ṉ* + *k* *poṉ-kolvaṉ* 'goldsmith' 36.2.a-b

7.14.2 Progressive assimilation (of the succeeding to the preceding consonant)

c27.s16.t2.1

*nasal* + *nasal*

c27.s16.t2.2

*ṉ* + *n* > *-ṉ-* *pāṉāṭṭu* (*pāṉ* + *nāṭṭu*) 115.2.a-b (In this case there is also elision of the preceding *-ṉ-*. See discussion in the Commentary.)

7.14.3 Mutual assimilation (of preceding and succeeding consonants)

c27.s16.t3.1

*liquid* + *stop*

*l* + *tt* > *-ṟṟ-*
*nōṟṟa* (*nōl* + *tt* + *a*) 'who observed the penance' 116.3
*nōṟṟu* (*nōl* + *tt* + *u*) 'having observed the penance' 115.7
*vēmpiṟ-ūr* (*vēmpil* + *tt* + *ūr*) (-*ṟ*- not doubled in original.) 35.1.b-c