[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003) › c27.s16 # Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s16: 7.14 Assimilation Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s16 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [c27.s16.t1 7.14.1 Regressive assimilation (of the preceding to the succeeding consonant)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1) — 20 parts - [c27.s16.t2 7.14.2 Progressive assimilation (of the succeeding to the preceding consonant)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t2) — 2 parts - [c27.s16.t3 7.14.3 Mutual assimilation (of preceding and succeeding consonants)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t3) — 1 part ### 7.14 Assimilation ### 7.14.1 Regressive assimilation (of the preceding to the succeeding consonant) ### [c27.s16.t1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.1) 7.14.1.1 \*nasal\* + \*stop ### [c27.s16.t1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.2) | \*m\* + \*k\* \> -\*ṅk\*- | \[\*i\*^\\*\]!\*aṅkaṭuṅkō\* (\*iḷam\* + \*kaṭum\* + \*kō\*) | 61.11.a-b-c | | | \*iḷaṅkāyipaṉ\* (\*iḷam\* + \*kāyipaṉ\*) | 76.1.a-b | | | \[\*i\*^\\*\]!\*aṅkō\* (\*iḷam\* + \*kō\*) 'heir apparent' | 61.12.a-b | | | \*kaṭuṅkōṉ\* (\*kaṭum\* + \*kōṉ\*) | 62.11.a-b | | | \*ceṅkāyapaṉ\* (\*cem\* + \*kāyapaṉ\*) | 61.4.a-b | | | \*ceṅkuviraṉ\* (\*cem\* + \*kuviraṉ\*) | 22.1.a-b | | | \*peruṅkaṭuṅkōṉ\* (\*perum\* + \*kaṭum\* + \*kōṉ\*) | 61.9.a-b-c | | | \*peruṅkīraṉ\* (\*perum\* + \*kīraṉ\*) | 72.3.a-b | | | \*peruṅkūṟṟaṉ\* (\*perum\* + \*kūṟṟaṉ\*) | 88.6.a-b | | | \*veṅkōmalai\* (\*vem\* + \*kō\* + \*malai\*) | 119.1.a-b | | \*m\* + \*c\* \> -\*ñc\*- | \*iḷañcaṭikaṉ\* (\*iḷam\* + \*caṭikaṉ\*) | 2.7. a-b | | | \*neṭiñcaḻiyaṉ\* (\*neṭim\* + \*caḻiyaṉ\*) | 2.5.a-b | | | \*neṭuñcaḻiyaṉ\* (\*neṭum\* + \*caḻiyaṉ\*) | 1.5.a-b | | \*m\* + \*t\* \> -\*nt\*- | \*centaṇṭaṉ\* (\*cem\* + \*taṇṭaṉ\*) | 109.1.a-b | | | \*pentōṭaṉ\* (\*perum\* \> \*pem\* + \*tōṭaṉ\*) | 102.1.a-b | | | \*perunta(c)caṉ\* (\*perum\* + \*taccaṉ\*) 'master mason' | 117.3.a-b | ### [c27.s16.t1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.3) † \*m\* + \*p\* \> \*-mp-\* \*aimpattēḻ-\* (\*aim\* + \*pattu\* + \*ēḻ\*) 'fifty-seven' 116.1.a-b \*irumpoṟai\* (\*irum\* + \*poṟai\*) 61.7.c-d \*campokal\* (\*cam\* + \*pokal\*) 105.1.a-b \*campoykaipēṭu\* (\*cam\* + \*poykai\* + \*pēṭu\*) 101.1.a-b \*perumpokaḷ\* (\*perum\* + \*pokaḷ\*) 83.1.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.4) † Listed here for the reason that \*m\* is the homorganic nasal for \*p\*; the items may also be regarded as sandhi without change. ### [c27.s16.t1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.5) \*ṉ\* + \*k\* \> \*-ṟk-\* \*poṟkoṟṟi\* (\*poṉ\* + \*koṟṟi\*) 113.3.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.6) \*ṉ\* + \*c\* \> \*-ñc-\* \*mōnalañ-cāttaṉ\* (\*mōnalaṉ\* + \*cāttaṉ\*) 121.2.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.7) This sandhi is also a semantic indicator of father-son relationship (\*Tol. Eḻu.\* 350). The situation is uncertain when the change does not occur, as in ### [c27.s16.t1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.8) \*ātaṉ cāttāṉ\* (\*cāttaṉ\*) 74.2.a-b \*tiyaṉ cantaṉ\* 47.1.a-b \*tēvaṉ cāttaṉ\* 85.4.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.9) 7.14.1.2 \*nasal\* + \*nasal ### [c27.s16.t1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.10) \*m\* + \*n\* \> \*-nn-\* \*aṇacaṉan-nōṟṟa\* (\*aṇacaṉam\* + \*nōṟṟa\*) 'who observed the penance of fasting' 116.2-3 ### [c27.s16.t1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.11) 7.14.1.3 \*liquid\* + \*stop ### [c27.s16.t1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.12) \*l\* + \*c\* \> \*-ṟc-\* \*mēṟcēri\* (\*mēl\* + \*cēri\*) 112.2.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.13) \*ḷ\* + \*k\* \> \*-ṭk-\* \*veṇkāsipaṉ\* (\*veḷ\* + \*kāsipaṉ\*) 14.1.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.14) \*ḷ\* + \*p\* \> \*-ṭp-\* \*veṇpa(!)ḷi\* (\*veḷ\* + \*paḷḷi\*) 46.1.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.15) 7.14.1.4 \*liquid\* + \*nasal ### [c27.s16.t1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.16) \*ḷ\* + \*n\* \> \*-ṇṇ-\* \*eṇṇai\* (\*eḷ\* + \*nai\* (\*ney\*)) 'gingily oil' 70.1.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.17) \*Exceptions\* ### [c27.s16.t1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.18) \*l\* + \*k\* \*kal kañcaṇam\* 'a stone structure' 14.3.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.19) \*l\* + \*m\* \*nalmuḷa-ukai\* 'auspicious cave' 17.3.a-b ### [c27.s16.t1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t1.20) \*ṉ\* + \*k\* \*poṉ-kolvaṉ\* 'goldsmith' 36.2.a-b ### 7.14.2 Progressive assimilation (of the succeeding to the preceding consonant) ### [c27.s16.t2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t2.1) \*nasal\* + \*nasal\* ### [c27.s16.t2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t2.2) \*ṉ\* + \*n\* \> \*-ṉ-\* \*pāṉāṭṭu\* (\*pāṉ\* + \*nāṭṭu\*) 115.2.a-b (In this case there is also elision of the preceding \*-ṉ-\*. See discussion in the Commentary.) ### 7.14.3 Mutual assimilation (of preceding and succeeding consonants) ### [c27.s16.t3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16.t3.1) \*liquid\* + \*stop\* \*l\* + \*tt\* \> \*-ṟṟ-\* \*nōṟṟa\* (\*nōl\* + \*tt\* + \*a\*) 'who observed the penance' 116.3 \*nōṟṟu\* (\*nōl\* + \*tt\* + \*u\*) 'having observed the penance' 115.7 \*vēmpiṟ-ūr\* (\*vēmpil\* + \*tt\* + \*ūr\*) (-\*ṟ\*- not doubled in original.) 35.1.b-c --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.mahadevan-2003.c27.s16) · Pramāṇa