Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s35: 7.32 Adjectival participles
Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c27.s35
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Contents
- c27.s35.t1 7.32.1 Adjectival past participles — 8 parts
- c27.s35.t2 7.32.2 Adjectival aorist participles — 2 parts
7.32 Adjectival participles
c27.s35.1
Adjectival participles (*peyar eccam*) are derived from verb stems by suffixation and qualify nouns, either the subject or the object or any other noun, in a sentence. They have tense and function like verbs.
c27.s35.2
The adjectival past participle is derived by suffixing a past tense marker (*-t-*, *-tt-*, *-nt-* or *-i-*) and thereafter the participial suffix *-a*. The causative participle is formed with the further addition of the causative suffix *-(p)pi-* or *-vi-* immediately after the verb stem.
c27.s35.3
The adjectival participle is formally non-finite; however, when it stands for a finite verb, it has been translated as such in the Corpus. Further, if the subject of an action denoted by a participle does not coincide with the word it qualifies, the former is generally in the nominative case and the participle (of a transitive verb) has a passive meaning (Andronov 1969: p. 179). Such adjectival participles, though not formally in the passive voice, are generally translated with passive construction in epigraphical publications (cf. Velu Pillai 1976: pp. 85-88).
c27.s35.4
(e.g.) . . . **añci ītta paḷi** (No. 59) lit., 'the hermitage which Añci gave' translated as: 'the hermitage was given by Añci'.
c27.s35.5
Adjectival non-past participles do not occur in the Corpus.
7.32.1 Adjectival past participles
c27.s35.t1.1
7.32.1.1 *Qualifying the subject* (form: *(who) did'*)
c27.s35.t1.2
| (ā)-*iṉa* | 'who is' | 41.2 |
| *tanta* | 'who captured' | 73.3 |
| *nōṟṟa* | 'who observed the penance' | 116.3 |
| *piṟanta* | 'who was born' | 49.3 |
| *muṭitta* | 'who completed' | 115.8 |
c27.s35.t1.3
7.32.1.2 *Qualifying the object* (form: *(which was) done'*)
c27.s35.t1.4
| *aṟutta* | 'which was carved' | 61.14 |
| *ītta* | 'which was given' | 59.3 |
| **karu(v)iya* | 'which was carved' | 17.2 |
| **karu(k)kiya* | 'which was carved' | 112.4 |
| **ko(ṟ)riya* | 'which was carved' | 52.3 |
| *ceyta* | 'which was made' | 49.7 |
| *ceyita* (LT *ceyta*) | 'which was made' | 76.6 |
| **cē-iya* | 'which was made' | 2.10 |
| **cē-y-a* | 'which was made' | 31.2 |
| *tai(t)ta* | 'which was made' | 101.2 |
| *to(ṭ)ṭa* | 'which was excavated' | 84.5 |
c27.s35.t1.5
\* Not attested in LT. See Commentary (on the respective words) for discussion.
c27.s35.t1.6
7.32.1.3 *Causative* (form: *(which was) caused to be done'*)
c27.s35.t1.7
| *aṟu(p)pitta* | 'which was caused to be carved' | 63.5 |
| *aṟu(p)pi(t)ta* | 'which was caused to be carved' | 62.14 |
c27.s35.t1.8
| *kuṭu(p)pi(t)ta* | 'which was caused to be given' | 14.2 |
| *koṭṭupitta-a* | 'which was caused to be carved' | 1.8 |
| *ceypi(t)ta* | 'which was caused to be made' | 89.3 |
| *ceyipi(t)ta* | 'which was caused to be made' | 65.5 |
| *ceyivitta* | 'which was caused to be made' | 83.5 |
7.32.2 Adjectival aorist participles
c27.s35.t2.1
The adjectival aorist participle (*viṉaittokai*) is the bare verb stem without the addition of a tense marker or the participial suffix.
c27.s35.t2.2
| *ama* (LT *amai*) | 'who abide' | 48.6 |
| *āru* (LT *ār*) | '(which is) filled (fitted)' | 114.2.b |
| *koṭu* | '(which was) given' | 10.4 |