Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s1.t10: XI. Mudalaikulam

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s1.t10

Language
English

XI. Mudalaikulam

c28.s1.t10.1

35. A. **ve¹ ma pi ṟa² ū ra pe ra a ya a ma ce ta va ra**

c28.s1.t10.2

B. *vēmpiṟ-ūr³ pēr-ay-am⁴ cētavar⁵*

c28.s1.t10.3

வேம்பிற்ஊர் பேர்அய்அம் சேதவர்

c28.s1.t10.4

(The assembly⁶ of) **Vēmpiṟṟūr** constructed the large tank.

c28.s1.t10.5

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.19. Estampage: Pl. 16A. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave called Rākkipuṭavu on the Ciṇṇa-uṇṭāṅkallu hill. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 164 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* B.265/1978-79. *IAR* 1978-79:p. 83. |
| | G. Siromoney and E. Jebarajan 1978 (with eye copy). |

c28.s1.t10.6

Notes

c28.s1.t10.7

1. *ce* in *ARE*. Siromoney and Jebarajan read *vē*. See n.2, No. 4 for the confusing similarity between *c* and *v* in the cave inscriptions.
2. *ṟai* in *ARE*. Siromoney and Jebarajan read *ṟ*.
3. *vēmpiṟṟūr* (*vēmpil* + *ti* + *ūr*). Cf. (inscr.) *vēmpil* and LT *vēmpaṟṟūr*, place names.
4. *pērayam* 'large tank'.
5. Cf. LT *ceytavar*. See n.9, No. 2.
6. The plural verb *cētavar* probably indicates that *ūr* here means the 'assembly' of the village. See section 4.6.12.

c28.s1.t10.11

[Figure: Figure 8.20. XII. ALAGARMALAI 1-5 Inscriptions Nos. 36-40 Tracings (of Nos. 38-40 in two segments). Scale: one-tenth (Nos. 36, 38-40), one-eighth (No. 37).]

c28.s1.t10.12

XII. ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 1

c28.s1.t10.13

36. A. **mā¹ ti ra² ya po ṇa ko la vā ṇa a tā ṇa a tā ṇa $³**

c28.s1.t10.14

B. ***matiray⁴ poṇ-kolvaṇ⁵ ataṉ ataṉ⁶***

c28.s1.t10.15

மதி his ய் பொன் கொல்வன் அதன் அதன்

c28.s1.t10.16

(The gift⁷ of ) Ataṉ Ataṉ, the goldsmith from Matirai.

c28.s1.t10.17

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.20. Estampage: Pl. 16B. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave on the Aļakarmalai hill, below the upper drip ledge; inscription at left. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 144 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | ARE B. 244/1963-64 (copied earlier in 1910 but not catalogued). *IAR 1963-64*: p. 71. IM:30/1966. |
| | CNR:X-A (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-A (pp. 344-346); |
| | *HTS*:10.1 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); KZ:10-A (pp. 22-23); |
| | MSV:6.1 (pp. 48-50); RN:9.1 (pp. 59-61); RPS:24 (pp. 163-197); |
| | TVM:7-I (pp. 236-244). |
| | I. Mahadevan 1965b. |

c28.s1.t10.18

Notes

c28.s1.t10.19

1. Earlier readings have an additional letter *ta* between the first and second letters, traces of which can be seen in the estampage. However, its presence could not be confirmed during the rechecking *in situ* in 1992.
2. The letter appears on closer examination to be *ra* and not *rai* as read earlier.
3. A symbol. Variants of this symbol are found at many sites. See section 5.18.
4. Variant of *matirai*. See n.2, No. 24.
5. Cf. LT *poṉ kollaṉ* 'goldsmith'.
6. The composite name signifies 'Ataṉ, son of Ataṉ', as explicitly stated in No. *40*.
7. 'the drip ledge' is understood from the context.

c28.s1.t10.20

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 2

c28.s1.t10.21

37. A. ... a ṉā ka ṇa ta ...

c28.s1.t10.22

B. ... a *nākaṇ*¹ *ta* ...

c28.s1.t10.23

¹ Read *nākaṇ*. The use of *ṉ* for *n* initially is a scribal error, though this is not certain as the record is too fragmentary. However, see n.5, No. **20** for the more common error of using the dental *n* for the alveolar *ṉ*.

c28.s1.t10.24

... அ னாகன் த ...

c28.s1.t10.25

... **Nākaṇ** ...

c28.s1.t10.26

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.20. Estampage: Pl. 16B. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the upper drip ledge; inscription at right; a fragment, incomplete at either end. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | Approximately 45 cm. (extant). |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* B. 245/1963-64; *ARE* 1917-18:Pl. facing p. 6 (copied earlier in 1910 but not catalogued); *IAR* 1963-64:p. 71. IM:31/1966. CNR:X-J (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-J (pp. 344-346); *HTS*:10. 2 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); KVS:XIII (p. 299); KZ:10-I (pp. 22-23); RN:9.2 (pp. 59-61); TVM:7-IX (pp. 236-244, Pl. 13 bottom right). |

c28.s1.t10.27

Notes

c28.s1.t10.28

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 3

c28.s1.t10.29

**38. A.** **mā ta ti¹ rai ke**

c28.s1.t10.30

**B.** ***mattiraikē*²**

c28.s1.t10.31

மத்தිරைகே

c28.s1.t10.32

Of Matirai:³

c28.s1.t10.33

| **ILL.** | Tracings: Fig. 8.20. Estampages: Pl. 17. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the first segment of the long line; treated as a separate inscription as this qualifies the personal names of the donors in all the following segments (Nos. *39-45*) engraved in the same line. Each segment with a complete inscription is counted as a 'line' in this study. See section 1.3.1 and Fig. 1.6. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 138 cm. (Nos. *38-39* & *40* Pt. i). |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 70 Pt. i/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:33/1966. |
| | *CNR*:X-B Pt. i (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-B Pt. i (pp. 344-346); |
| | *HTS*:10.3 Pt. i (pp. 50-54, 84-87); KZ:10-B Pt. i (pp. 22-23); |
| | MSV:6.2 Pt. i (p. 50); RN:9.4 (pp. 59-61); RPS:25 Pt. i (pp. 163-197); |
| | TVM:7-II Pt. i (pp. 236-244, Pl. 11). |

c28.s1.t10.34

Notes

c28.s1.t10.35

1. The lower end of the letter is damaged. On closer examination *in situ*, the letter is found to be *ti* as read by HKS and others, and not *vi* as read by me earlier and by RPS.
2. My earlier reading *mātavirai* has turned out to be incorrect. Read *matirai*-. See n.2, No. **24**. The case-ending *-kē* (*ku* + *ē*) is employed here in the possessive- locative sense. See Commentary for discussion.
3. The colon indicates that all the donors whose names are engraved in this long line (Nos. *39-45*) are from Matirai (Maturai).

c28.s1.t10.36

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 4

c28.s1.t10.37

**39. A.** **ū¹ pu vā ṇi ka ṇa vi ya kā ṇa**

c28.s1.t10.38

¹ HKS reads *pā*.

c28.s1.t10.39

**B.** ***upu-vāṇikaṉ² viyakaṉ³***

c28.s1.t10.40

² *uppu*- 'salt'.

c28.s1.t10.41

³ Cf. *viyakkaṉ* (No. **84**). Cf. (inscr.) Visakaṉ (on pottery from Kodumanal). Cf. LT *vicākaṉ, viyākaṉ*.

c28.s1.t10.42

உபு வாணிகன் வியகன்

c28.s1.t10.43

***Viyakaṉ*, the salt merchant;⁴**

c28.s1.t10.44

⁴ The context suggests that the five donors mentioned in Nos. **39-43** made a collective gift of the cave shelter.

c28.s1.t10.45

| **ILL.** | Tracings: Fig. 8.20. Estampages: Pl. 17. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the second segment of the long line; (treated as a separate inscription as it is self-contained). |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 138 cm. (Nos. **38-39** & **40** Pt. i). |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 70 Pt. ii/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:34 Pt. i/1966. |
| | CNR:X-B Pt. ii & C Pt. i (pp. 373-374); HKS: X-B Pt. ii & C Pt. i (pp. 344-346); |
| | *HTS*: 10.3 Pt. ii (pp. 50-54, 84-87); KZ:10-B Pt. ii & C Pt. i (pp. 22-23); |
| | MSV:6.2 Pt. ii (p. 50) & 6.3 Pt. i (p. 51); RN:9.5 Pt. i (pp. 59-61); RPS:25 Pt. ii (pp. 163-197); |
| | TVM:7-II Pt. ii & III Pt. i (pp. 236-244, Pl. 11). |

c28.s1.t10.46

Notes

c28.s1.t10.47

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 5

c28.s1.t10.48

40. A. kā ṇa ti ka ṇa $¹ kā ṇa ka a tā ṇa mā² kā ṇa a ta ṇa a ta ṇa $¹

c28.s1.t10.49

**B. *kaṇatikaṇ*³ *kaṇaka*⁴ *ataṉ makaṉ ataṉ ataṉ*⁵**

c28.s1.t10.50

கணதிகன் கணக அதன் மகன் அதன் அதன்

c28.s1.t10.51

***Ataṉ Ataṉ*, the son of *Ataṉ*, the accountant, the chief of scribes;**

c28.s1.t10.52

| **ILL.** | Tracings: Fig. 8.20. Estampages: Pls. 17 & 18. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the third segment of the long line; (treated here as one inscription on the basis of connection in sequence in spite of the symbol occurring in the middle). |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 138 cm. (Nos. *38-40* Pt. i); 131 cm. (No. *40* Pt. ii). |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 70 Pt. iii & 71/1910; *ARE 1917-18*:incomplete estampage in Pl. facing p. 6. IM:34 Pt. ii & 35/1966. |
| | CNR:X-C Pt. ii & D (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-C Pt. ii & D (pp. 344-346); |
| | *HTS*: 10.3 Pt. iii & 10.4 (pp. 50-54, 80-87); KZ: 10-C Pt. ii & D (pp. 22-23); |
| | MSV:6.3 Pt. ii (p. 51) & 6.4 (p. 54); RN:9.5 Pt. ii & 9.6 (pp. 59-61); |
| | TVM:7-III Pt. ii & IV (pp. 236-244). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | Two symbols, one of them appearing in the middle of the inscription as judged from the sequence. See section 5.18. |
| 2. | HKS reads *mō*. |
| 3. | Cf. *kaṇa* (Sinh. Pkt.) < *karaṇa* (Skt.) 'scribe'; *atikaṇ* < *adhika* (Pkt.) 'superintendent, chief'. Cf. *kāl(a)tika* (No. 3). See section 4.6.8. |
| 4. | *kaṇakka*. Cf. (inscr.) *kaṇakaṉ*, *kaṇakkaṉ* 'accountant'. See n.3. |
| 5. | See No. *36* for another occurrence of this composite name. |

c28.s1.t10.54

Figure 8.21. ALAGARMALAI 6-10 Inscriptions Nos. *41-45* Tracings (No. *45* in two segments). Scale: one-tenth.

c28.s1.t10.55

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 6

c28.s1.t10.56

41. A. sā pa¹ mi tā² ī³ ṇa pā³ mi ta ti $⁴

c28.s1.t10.57

¹ HKS reads *ma*.

c28.s1.t10.58

² HKS reads *si*.

c28.s1.t10.59

³ These two letters are not read by HKS.

c28.s1.t10.60

⁴ A symbol.

c28.s1.t10.61

**B. *sapamitā⁵=iṇa⁶ pamitti⁷***

c28.s1.t10.62

⁵ *sappamittā*. Cf. Sappamittā (Pkt.) < Sarpamitrā (Skt.).

c28.s1.t10.63

⁶ *sapamitā-iṇa* is construed as *sapamitā* (*sappamittā*) + *ā-iṇa*. Cf. (inscr.) *ā-iṇa*, *āyiṇa* ' who is, alias'.

c28.s1.t10.64

⁷ *pammitti*. Cf. LT *pammai*, *paimai* 'Jaina nun'; *pammaṇ* (masc.) 'Jaina novice'. See section 4.9.4 (i).

c28.s1.t10.65

ஸபமிதாஇன பமித்தி

c28.s1.t10.66

The Jaina nun who is **Sappamittā;⁸**

c28.s1.t10.67

⁸ The Jaina nun figures here as a donor. See also Nos. 49 & 83 referring to Jaina nuns.

c28.s1.t10.68

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.21. Estampage: Pl. 18. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the fourth segment of the long line. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 100 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 72/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:36/1966. |
| | CNR:X-E (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-E (pp. 344-346); *HTS*: 10.5 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); |
| | KZ:10-E (pp. 22-23); MSV:6.5 (pp. 55-56); RN:9.7 (pp. 59-61); RPS:26 (pp. 163-197); |
| | TVM:7-V (pp. 236-244, Pl. 12 top). |

c28.s1.t10.69

Notes

c28.s1.t10.70

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 7

c28.s1.t10.71

42. A. **pā ṇi ta vā ṇi ka ṉa ne¹ ṭu ma lā ṉa $²**

c28.s1.t10.72

B. *pāṇita-vāṇikaṉ³ neṭumalaṉ⁴*

c28.s1.t10.73

பாணித வாணிகன் நெடுமலன்

c28.s1.t10.74

**Neṭumallaṉ**, the *gur* merchant;

c28.s1.t10.75

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.21. Estampage: Pls. 18 & 19. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the fifth segment of the long line. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 91 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 73/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:37/1966. |
| | CNR:X-F (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-F (pp. 344-346); *HTS*: 10.6 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); |
| | KVS:XIII (p. 299); KZ: 10-F (pp. 22-23); MSV:6.6 (pp. 56-58); RN:9.8 (pp. 59-61); |
| | RPS:27 (pp. 163-197); TVM:7-VI (pp. 236-244, Pl. 12 bottom). |

c28.s1.t10.76

Notes

c28.s1.t10.77

1. HKS reads *na* and KVS *ne*.
2. A symbol (not a pair of symbols as incorrectly printed in KVS).
3. From *pāṇitam* < *phāṇita* (Pāli) < *phāṇi* (Skt.) 'unrefined sugar, molasses, etc'.
4. *neṭumallaṉ*. Cf. LT *mallaṉ* 'wrestler', also a personal name.

c28.s1.t10.78

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 8

c28.s1.t10.79

**43.** **A.** **ko¹ ḷu¹ va ṇi ka ṉa e² ḷa cā na ta ṉa $³**

c28.s1.t10.80

**B.** ***koḷu-vaṇikaṉ⁴ eḷacantaṉ***

c28.s1.t10.81

கொழு வணிகன் எளசந்தன்

c28.s1.t10.82

**Eḷacantaṉ**, the trader in ploughshares;

c28.s1.t10.83

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.21. Estampage: Pl. 19. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the sixth segment of the long line. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 84 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 74/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:38/1966. |
| | CNR:X-G (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-G (pp. 344-346); *HTS*: 10.7 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); |
| | KVS:XIII (p. 299); KZ: 10-G (pp. 22-23); MSV:6.7 (pp. 58-59); RN:9.9 (pp. 59-61); |
| | RPS:28 (pp. 163-197); TVM:7-VII (pp. 236-244, Pl. 13 top). |

c28.s1.t10.84

**Notes**
1. The first two letters were not read by HKS or KVS.
2. HKS and KVS read *yu*.
3. A symbol (not a pair of symbols as incorrectly printed in KVS).
4. *koḷu* 'ploughshare, a bar of metal'. See section 4.15.2.

c28.s1.t10.85

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 9

c28.s1.t10.86

**44.** **A.** ...¹ [ña]² ci ka lu³ mā ṟa⁴ na tā ṇa tā ra a ṇi ī ko ṭu pi tā a va ṉa⁵

c28.s1.t10.87

**B.** . . . [*ñ*]*ci*⁶ *kaḻumāṟa*⁷ *nataṉ*⁸ *tāra-aṇi-ī*⁹ *koṭupita-avaṉ*¹⁰

c28.s1.t10.88

. . . [ஞ்]சி கழுமாற நதன் தாரஅணிஈ கொடுபிதஅவன்

c28.s1.t10.89

. . . Kaḻumāṟa Nataṉ caused to be given the drip ledge (?);

c28.s1.t10.90

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.21. Estampage: Pl. 19. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the seventh segment of the long line. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | Approximately 136 cm. (extant). |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 75-76/1910; *ARE* 1917-18:Pl. facing p. 6. IM:39-40/1966. |
| | CNR:X-H (pp. 373-374); HKS:X-H (pp. 344-346); *HTS*:10.8 & 9 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); |
| | KVS:XIII (p. 299); KZ:10-H (pp. 22-23); MSV:6.8 & 6.9 (pp. 59-60); RN:9.10 & 9.11 |
| | (pp. 59-61); RPS:29 & 30 (pp. 163-197); TVM:7-VIII (pp. 236-244, Pl. 13 bottom left). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | The commencement of the inscription is lost due to flaking of the stone. |
| 2. | The letter appears to be incomplete and is read tentatively. |
| 3. | HKS reads *ṭṭha* and KVS *ṟa*. |
| 4. | HKS reads *ṭū* and KVS *ṟa*. |
| 5. | There is no symbol after this letter. (The pair of symbols in KVS seems to be a typographical error.) There is a gap of about 15 cm. between this and the next inscription (No. **45**) in the same line. |
| 6. | A fragmentary word which cannot be interpreted. |
| 7. | *kaḻu-* probably a variant of *kaṭu*. Cf. *eḻai-* for LT *iṭai* (n.4, No. **34**); *māṟa-* from Māṟaṉ, a Pāṇṭiya dynastic name. Cf. Kaṭumāṉ Māṟaṉ, N. of a Pāṇṭiya king. See section 4.2.3. |
| 8. | See n.1, No. **17**. |
| 9. | *tāra-aṇi-* is probably the drip ledge below which the inscription is engraved. Cf. *cala-tārai*, *nīr-t-tārai* (TL). See Commentary for the interpretation. |
| 10. | *koṭuppitta-avaṉ* (cf. LT *koṭuppittavaṉ*). |

c28.s1.t10.91

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 10

c28.s1.t10.92

**45. A.** **ta na ma [ṉa]¹ kā sā pā ṇa a va [v]i² r[u]² a³** **a⁴ ra ū ma ku ṭu pi to . . .⁵**

c28.s1.t10.93

¹ The top of the letter is broken off, which may be read as *ṉa* from what survives.

c28.s1.t10.94

² The lower portions of these two letters are damaged.

c28.s1.t10.95

³ The rock surface is too broken after this letter for engraving. The inscription is resumed in the same line after a gap of about 12 cm.

c28.s1.t10.96

⁴ The letter *a* has been repeated after the gap apparently due to oversight.

c28.s1.t10.97

⁵ The final letter of the word is lost here as the stone has flaked off.

c28.s1.t10.98

**B.** ***tanma[n]⁶ kasapaṇ⁷ av[v]ir[u]-a-*** ***ar-um⁸ kuṭupitō[r*]⁹***

c28.s1.t10.99

⁶ Cf. LT *taṉmam*, *dhaṁma* (Pkt.) < *dharma* (Skt.).

c28.s1.t10.100

⁷ *kassapaṇ*. Cf. *kassapa* (Pkt.) < *kaśyapa* (Skt.).

c28.s1.t10.101

⁸ Read *avviru-ar-um* (LT *avv-iruvar-um*).

c28.s1.t10.102

⁹ *kuṭuppittōr* (cf. LT *koṭuppittōr*). [*r\**] restored here as the text mentions two persons as the donors.

c28.s1.t10.103

தந்ம[ன்] கஸபன் அவ்[வி][ரு]அ அர்உம் குடுபிதோ[ர்*]

c28.s1.t10.104

Tanmaṉ (and) Kassapaṇ, those two persons also, caused to be given.¹⁰

c28.s1.t10.105

¹⁰ 'the drip ledge' is understood from the context. See No. **44**.

c28.s1.t10.106

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.21. Estampage: Pl. 19. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the eighth and last segment of the long line. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | Approximately 174 cm. (extant). |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 77/1910; *ARE* 1917-18; Pl. facing p. 6. IM:41-42/1966. |
| | *HTS*:10.9 & 10 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); MSV:6.10 (p. 61); RN:9.12 & 9.13 (pp. 59-61); |
| | RPS:31 & 32 (pp. 163-197). |

c28.s1.t10.107

Notes

c28.s1.t10.108

46. 𑀢𑀺𑀝𑀺𑀮𑁆 𑀓𑀼 𑀝𑀼 𑀫𑁆 𑀧𑀺 𑀓 𑀦𑁆 𑀏 𑀡𑁆 𑀢𑁃 𑀅 𑀢𑀷𑁆 𑀦𑁂 𑀝𑀼 𑀘𑀸 𑀢𑀷𑁆 𑀓𑀮𑁆 𑀓𑀸 𑀜𑁆 𑀘𑀡𑀫𑁆 ☼

c28.s1.t10.109

47. 𑀅 𑀢𑀷𑁆 𑀦𑁂 𑀝𑀼 𑀘𑀸 𑀢𑀷𑁆 𑀓𑀮𑁆

c28.s1.t10.110

48. 𑀓 𑀮𑁆 𑀢𑀘𑀷𑁆 𑀅 𑀢𑀷𑁆 𑀘𑀯𑀷𑁆 𑀓𑀼 𑀯𑀺 𑀭 𑀦𑁆 𑀯𑁂 𑀡𑁆 𑀓𑀸 𑀱𑀺 𑀧 𑀦𑁆

c28.s1.t10.111

[Figure: Figure 8.22. ALAGARMALAI 11-13 Inscriptions Nos. *46-48* Tracings. Scale: one-tenth (Nos. *46 & 47*), one-eighth (No. *48*).]

c28.s1.t10.112

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 11

c28.s1.t10.113

**46. A.** **ve ṇa pa ḷ[i]¹ i a ṟu vai va ṇi ka ṉa e ḷa a a ṭa ṉa $²**

c28.s1.t10.114

¹ The medial *-i* stroke is incompletely preserved.

c28.s1.t10.115

² A symbol.

c28.s1.t10.116

**B.** *veṇpaḷ[i]-i*³ *aṟuvai-vaṇikaṉ eḷa-a*⁴ *aṭaṉ*⁵

c28.s1.t10.117

³ *veṇpaḷḷi-*. Cf. LT *paḷḷi* 'hamlet', also a frequent suffix to place names.

c28.s1.t10.118

⁴ Cf. (inscr.) *eḷavaṉ*, a personal name.

c28.s1.t10.119

⁵ *aṭṭaṉ*. Cf. LT *aṭṭaṉ*, *āṭṭaṉ*, personal names.

c28.s1.t10.120

வெண்ப[ளி]இ அறுவை வணிகன் எளஅ அடன்

c28.s1.t10.121

Eḷa-a Aṭṭan, the cloth merchant from Veṇpaḷḷi.

c28.s1.t10.122

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.22. Estampage: Pl. 20. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the first segment of the lower inscription at right. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 157 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 78/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:43/1966. |
| | *HTS*:10.11 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); MSV:6.11 (pp. 61-62); RN:9.14 (pp. 59-61); RPS:33 (pp. 163-197). |

c28.s1.t10.123

Notes

c28.s1.t10.124

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 12

c28.s1.t10.125

**47. A.** **ti ya ṉa cā na ta ṉa ¹**

c28.s1.t10.126

**B.** *tiyaṉ*² *cantaṉ*

c28.s1.t10.127

தியன் சந்தன்

c28.s1.t10.128

Tiyaṉ Cantaṉ.

c28.s1.t10.129

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.22. Estampage: Pl. 20. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave, below the lower drip ledge; the second segment of the lower inscription at right. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 63 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 79/1910; *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:44/1966. |
| | *HTS*:10.12 (pp. 50-54, 84-87); RN:9.15 (pp. 59-61). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | A symbol. |
| 2. | Cf. (inscr.) *tiyaṉ*, a personal name. See section 4.19.4 (i). |

c28.s1.t10.130

ALAGARMALAI (அழகர்மலை) - 13

c28.s1.t10.131

**48.** **A.** **kā ṇi nā kā ṇa kā ṇi¹ nā tā ṇa ḻ ru vā ra a ma ka la**

c28.s1.t10.132

**B.** ***kaṇi nākaṉ kaṇi nataṉ*² *iruvar ama*³ *kal*⁴**

c28.s1.t10.133

கணி நாகன் கணி நதன் இருவர் அம கல்

c28.s1.t10.134

The stone (beds) where the two persons, **Nākaṉ**, the ***kaṇi***, (and) **Nataṉ**, the ***kaṇi***, abide.

c28.s1.t10.135

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.22. Estampage: Pl. 20. |
| **Locus** | At the head of a stone bed at left in the cave. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 101 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 1st century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 334/1908; *ARE* 1911-12: Pl. facing p. 50. IM: 32/1966. |
| | RN: 9.3 (pp. 59-61). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | There is a short gap after this letter, but no writing could be seen here during the rechecking *in situ*. |
| 2. | See n.1, No. *17*. |
| 3. | Cf. LT *amai* 'to abide, be settled'. |
| 4. | stone (beds) (pl.) as indicated by the context. |

c28.s1.t10.136

[Figure: 49. Figure 8.23. XIII. SITTANNAVASAL-A