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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s1.t7: IV. Kilavalavu

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s1.t7

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IV. Kilavalavu

c28.s1.t7.1

**10.** **A.** **ū pā [c]ā¹ a ṉa to ṇa ṭi²** **[l]ā¹ vo ṉa ko ṭu² pā ḷi ī**

c28.s1.t7.2

**B.** **upa[c]a-aṉ³ toṇṭi=** **[l]avōṉ⁴ koṭu paḷi-i⁵**

c28.s1.t7.3

**உ[ச]அன் தொண்டி** **[ல]வோன் கொடு பளிஇ**

c28.s1.t7.4

The hermitage given by the preceptor, (I)llavōṉ of Toṇṭi.

c28.s1.t7.5

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.8. Estampage: Pl. 8. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave called the 'school' on the Pañcapāṇḍavarmalai hill. See section 1.2.3 and Fig. 1.4. The inscription is engraved from right to left and upside down. The illustrations are printed in the normal orientation; however, some of the letters (Nos. 5 to 8, and 11 & 12 from left) still appear upside down due to careless engraving. Cf. Nos. **53, 54, 56 & 74.** See section 5.8 on direction of writing. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 239 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 135/1903. *SII.* VIII: No. 422. IM: 9/1966. |
| | CNR: V (p. 370); HKS: V (pp. 339-340); *HTS:* 3 (pp. 45, 73-74); KVS: V (p. 294); KZ: 4 (p. 21); |
| | MSV: 13 (pp. 110-113); RN: 10 (p. 61); RPS: 11(pp. 163-197); TVM: 3 (pp. 214-217, Pl. 7). |
| | E. Jebarajan 1994. |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | These two letters are partly damaged by the later cutting of post holes on the brow of the cave. |
| 2. | The different points of attachment of the medial strokes in these two letters clearly indicate that the 8th letter (reversed and inverted) is to be read as *ṭi* and the 13th letter (normal) as *ṭu*. |
| 3. | *upaccaṉ*. Cf. *upādhyāya* (Skt.) 'preceptor'. I now prefer this interpretation by HKS to *upāsaka* 'lay devotee' by KVS followed by me earlier. See n.1, No. **9**. See also 4.9.3 (iii). |
| 4. | *toṇṭilavōṉ* is construed as *toṇṭi* + *(i)lavōṉ* (*illavōṉ*) 'Illavōṉ of Toṇṭi'. See Commentary for discussion. |
| 5. | *paḷḷi-*. |

c28.s1.t7.6

[Figure: 11.

c28.s1.t7.7

¹³ Figure 8.9. V. KONGARPULIYANKULAM 1-3 *Inscriptions Nos. 11-13* Tracings. Scale: one-tenth.]

c28.s1.t7.8

V. KONGARPULIYANKULAM (கொங்கர்புளியங்குளம்) - 1

c28.s1.t7.9

*11.* **A. ku ṟa¹ ko ṭu pi tā vā ṉa ū pā cā a ṉa ū pā ṟu² vā³ . . .⁴**

c28.s1.t7.10

¹ HKS reads *ṭū*, KVS *ṭu* and TVM *ṟu*. The *-u* medial sign is not present.

c28.s1.t7.11

² HKS reads *ṭū* and KVS and TVM *ṟu*.

c28.s1.t7.12

³ According to TVM, "two horizontal strokes indicative of the *ā* long symbol appear to be added to the right of this letter, thus making it *vā ā*". Rechecking of the inscription *in situ* has not confirmed the feature. See also n.4, No. **55**.

c28.s1.t7.13

⁴ The stone has flaked off here resulting in the loss of at least one letter.

c28.s1.t7.14

**B. *kuṟa⁵ koṭupitavaṉ⁶ upaca-aṉ⁷ upaṟuva[ṉ*]⁸ . . .***

c28.s1.t7.15

⁵ Cf. LT *kuṟai* 'cutting' (so *HTS*). Cf. also *kuṟu* (*kūṟu*) 'section' (No. **12**).

c28.s1.t7.16

⁶ *koṭuppittavaṉ*.

c28.s1.t7.17

⁷ *upaccaṉ*. See n.1, No. **9** and n.3, No. **10**.

c28.s1.t7.18

⁸ *uppaṟuvaṉ*. [***ṉ****] is restored from the evidence of the *-aṉ* endings of the antecedent nouns.

c28.s1.t7.19

**குற கொடுபிதவன் உபசஅன் உப்றுவ[ன்\*] . . .**

c28.s1.t7.20

Uppaṟuva(ṉ), the preceptor, caused to be given (this) cutting.⁹

c28.s1.t7.21

⁹ 'of the section of the drip ledge' is understood from the context. See Nos. **12** & **13** also.

c28.s1.t7.22

| **Ill.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.9. Estampage: Pl. 9. |
| **Locus** | The first inscription (from left) on the brow of the cave on the Perumāḷkōvilmalai hill; incomplete at the end. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | Approximately 186 cm. (extant). |
| **Date** | *ca.* 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 55/1910; *ARE* 1911-12: Pl. facing p. 50. IM:10/1966. |
| | CNR:IX-A (pp. 372-373); HKS:IX-A (pp. 343-344); *HTS*:4.1 (pp. 46-47, 74-77); |
| | KVS:VIII-A (pp. 295-296); KZ:9-A (p. 22); MSV:2.1 (pp. 33-39); RN:3.1 (pp. 54-55); |
| | RPS:8 (pp. 163-197); TVM:5-I (pp. 224-231, Pl. 9 top). |

c28.s1.t7.23

Notes

c28.s1.t7.24

KONGARPULIYANKULAM (கொங்கர்புளியங்குளம்) - 2

c28.s1.t7.25

*12.* **A.** **ku** **ṟu**¹ **ko** **ṭā** **la** **ku** **ī** **ta** **tā** **vā** **ṉa** **ce²** **ṟa¹** **a** **tā** **ṉa** **[o]³** **ṉa** **** **⁴**

c28.s1.t7.26

**B.** *kuṟu*⁵ *koṭalku*⁶ *īttavaṉ* *ceṟ-ataṉ*-[*ō*]*ṉ*⁷

c28.s1.t7.27

குறு கொடல்கு ஈத்தவன் செற்அதன்[ஒ]ன்

c28.s1.t7.28

Ceṟṟataṉ gave for carving (this ) section.⁸

c28.s1.t7.29

| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.9. Estampage: Pl. 9. |
| **Locus** | The second (middle) inscription on the brow of the cave. This is read as the third inscription by HKS, KVS and others following their lead. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 158 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | ARE 56/1910; *ARE 1911-12*:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:11/1966. |
| | CNR:IX-C (pp. 372-373); HKS:IX-C (pp. 343-344); *HTS*: 4.2 (pp. 46-47, 74-77); |
| | KVS: VIII-C (pp. 295-296); KZ: 9-C (p. 22); MSV: 2.2 (pp. 33-39); RN:3.2 (pp. 54-55); |
| | RPS:9 (pp. 163-197); TVM:5-III (pp. 224-231, Pl. 9 bottom). |

c28.s1.t7.30

Notes

c28.s1.t7.31

1. HKS reads *ṭū*, KVS *ṭu* and TVM *ṟu*.
2. The slanting chisel cut across the vertical of the letter does not appear to belong to it.
3. HKS and KVS read *lē*, TVM *pō*, and *e* by me earlier. Addition of double strokes at the top of the vowel *o* is a noteworthy feature.
4. A pair of symbols, also repeated at the end of No. *13*. (The symbols were probably added at the end of No. *11* also, but now lost.) The symbol at left is found at other sites also. See section 5.18.
5. Read *kūṟu* 'section, division, part, share'. Cf. also *kuṟa* (LT *kuṟai*) (No. *11*).
6. *koṭṭal*-, verbal noun from LT *koṭṭu*. See also n.3, No. 4.
7. *ceṟṟ-ataṉ*-. Cf. LT *ciṟu* > *ciṟṟ*- before a vowel; *ceṟṟu* (Ma.). Cf. *pē[r]ataṉ* in No. *13*.
8. 'of the cutting (of the drip ledge)' is understood from the context. See also Nos. *11* & *13*.

c28.s1.t7.32

KONGARPULIYANKULAM (கொங்கர்புளியங்குளம்) - 3

c28.s1.t7.33

13. A. **pā kā ṉa ū ra pe [r]ā¹ tā ṉa pi ṭā ṉa ī ta tā ve po² ṉa $ $³**

c28.s1.t7.34

B. pākaṉ-ūr pē[r]ataṉ⁴ piṭaṉ⁵ itta⁶ vepōṉ⁷

c28.s1.t7.35

பாகன்ஊர் பே[ர]தன் பிடன் இத்த வெபோன்

c28.s1.t7.36

Pērataṉ Piṭṭaṉ of Pākaṉūr has endowed this.⁸

c28.s1.t7.37

**ILL.** Tracing: Fig. 8.9. Estampage: Pl. 9.

c28.s1.t7.38

**Locus** The third inscription (from left) on the brow of the cave. This is read as the middle inscription by HKS, KVS and others following their lead.

c28.s1.t7.39

**No. of lines** 1

c28.s1.t7.40

**Length** 183 cm.

c28.s1.t7.41

**Date** ca. 2nd century B.C.

c28.s1.t7.42

**Publ.** *ARE* 57/1910; *ARE* 1911-12:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:12/1966. CNR:IX-B (pp. 372-373); HKS:IX-B (pp. 343-344); *HTS*:4.3 (pp. 46-47,74-77); KVS:VIII-B (pp. 295-296); KZ: 9-B (p. 22); MSV:2.3 (pp. 33-39); RN:3.3 (pp. 54-55); RPS:10 (pp. 163-197); TVM:5-II (pp. 224-231, Pl. 9 middle).

c28.s1.t7.43

**Notes**
1. This letter looks like a misshapen *tā*. The engraver had anticipated the next letter *tā* here and, realising his mistake, discontinued the superfluous lower right stroke, as seen from its very short length. Compare with the next letter *tā*.
2. HKS reads *pō* and KVS *lē*.
3. A pair of symbols as in the previous inscription. See n.4, No. *12*. See section 5.18.
4. *Cf. ceṟ-ataṉ* (*ceṟṟataṉ*) (No. *12*).
5. *piṭṭaṉ*. Cf. Piṭṭaṉ, N. of a chieftain.
6. Cf. LT *itai*/*ittai* (*itu* + *ai*), 'this' (in accusative case).
7. *veppōṉ*. Cf. LT *vaippōṉ*. Cf. *vaika* (*vaikka*) (No. *16*).
8. 'section (of the cutting of the drip ledge)' is understood from the context. See Nos. *11* & *12* also.

c28.s1.t7.44

*14.*

c28.s1.t7.45

[Figure: Figure 8.10. VI. MARUKALTALAI Inscription No. *14* Tracing (in three segments). Scale: one-tenth.]

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