Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s2.t1: XIX. Anaimalai

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s2.t1

Language: English

XIX. Anaimalai

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**60.** **A.** L.1 **i va ku ṉa ṟa¹ tū u² ṟai³ yu ḷa⁴ pā⁵ ta na tā ṇa e ri ā⁶ ri ta ṇa** L.2 **a ta⁷ tu vā yi a ra ṭ⁸ ṭa kā yi pa ṇa**

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**B.** L.1 *iva-⁹ kuṉṟatu¹⁰ uṟaiyuḷ¹¹ pataṉtaṉ¹² ēri āritaṉ* L.2 *attuvāyi¹³ araṭṭa kāyipaṉ*

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L.1 *இவகுன்றது உறையுள் பதந்தன் ஏரி ஆரிதன்* L.2 *அத்துவாயி அரட்ட காயிபன்*

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In the abode (of ascetics) at **Ivakuṉṟa(m):** the venerable **Āritaṉ** of **Ēri (and) Araṭṭa Kāyipaṉ**, the expounder of meaning (of the scriptures).

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Notes

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1. HKS reads *ḍu* and KVS *ṟa*.
2. HKS and KVS also read *u*. I had earlier read this as *ru*.
3. HKS reads *ḍai* and KVS *ṟai*.
4. The character *ḷa* is identified here for the first time by HKS.
5. HKS reads *pā* and KVS *nā*.
6. HKS reads *ā* and KVS *a*.
7. HKS tentatively identified the 'clear dot' after this letter as the *anusvāra*. Rechecking *in situ* has shown it to be only a natural feature, though a *puḷḷi* is linguistically possible here.
8. This is the earliest known occurrence of the *puḷḷi* first identified by Jebarajan and Siromoney. (Basic consonants marked with the *puḷḷi* are transcribed without the 'inherent' medial vowel *-a*.)
9. *iva-*. Cf. *iha* (AMg.) < *ibha* (Skt.) > *ipam* (Ta.) 'elephant'. TVM and RN identify *iva-kuṉṟa(m)* with Āṉaimalai, the present name of the hill.
10. The suffix *tū* for *tu* (LT *-ttu*) is archaic . Cf. **ni kā mā tū** for *nikamatu* (*nikamattu*) (No. 3).
11. *uṟaiyuḷ* may be construed as *uṟai* + *uḷ* 'in the abode (of ascetics)' or treated as one word, *uṟaiyuḷ* 'abode of ascetics'.
12. *pataṉtaṉ* < *bhadanta* (Pkt.) 'venerable', an honorific prefixed to names of monks (TVM). **pā ta na tā ṇa** (for *pataṉtaṉ*) is archaic for this period. See n.10 above and n.6, No. 52.
13. Read *attavāyi*. Cf. *attha-* (Pkt.) < *artha* (Skt.) 'meaning', and *-vāyi* (AMg.) < *vādin* (Skt.) 'one who expounds' or < *vācin* (Skt.) 'one who recites'. See section 4.9.3 (v).

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[Figure: Figure 8.29. XX. PUGALUR 1

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XX. PUGALUR (புகளூர்) - 1

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L. 1 **mu¹ tā a ma ṇa ṇa ṇa yā ṟa ṟū ra ce ṅa kā ya pa ṇa u ṟai ya** L. 2 **ko ā ta ṇa ce la li ru ma po ṟai ma ka ṇa** L. 3 **pe ru ṅa ka ṭu ṅa ko ṇa ma ka ṇa ḷa ṅa** L. 4 **ka ṭu ṅa ko ḷa ṅa ko ā ka a ṟu ta ta ka la²**

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¹ The first letter *mu* was discovered by M.D. Sampath during our field work in 1991.

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² The last letter *la* is engraved in a natural depression in the rock and was discovered during my second attempt in 1966.

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**B.** L. 1 **mutā amaṇṇaṉ³ yāṟṟūr ceṅkāyapaṉ uṟai-y [/*]** L. 2 **kō ātaṉ cel-l=irumpoṟai makaṉ** L. 3 **peruṅkaṭuṅkōṉ makaṉ [i*]⁴ḷaṅ-** L. 4 **kaṭuṅkō [i*]⁴ḷaṅkō āka aṟutta kal**

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³ Cf. *amaṇaṉ* (n.1, No. 24). See section 4.9.3 (ii).
4. [*i*] is supplied from the context. Probably the initial vowel *i* was elided in speech. See also n.7, No. 62; n.5, No. 67 and n.3, No. 89.

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L. 1 மூதா அமண்ணன் யாற்றூர் செங்காயபன் உறைய் [/*] L. 2 கோ ஆதன் செல்லிரும்பொறை மகன் L. 3 பெருங்கடுங்கோன் மகன் [இ*]ளங் L. 4 கடுங்கோ [இ*]ளங்கோ ஆக அறுத்த கல்

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The abode of the senior Jaina monk, Ceṅkāyapaṉ of Yāṟṟūr. The rock (shelter) was carved when (I)ḷaṅkaṭuṅkō, the son of Peruṅkaṭuṅkōṉ, the son of King Ātaṉ Cel Irumboṟai,⁵ became the heir apparent.

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⁵ See R. Panneerselvam 1968 and, following him, I. Mahadevan 1971 for the identification of Ātaṉ Cel Irumboṟai and his successors. See section 4.3.1.

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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.29. Direct photograph (computer-enhanced): Pl. 27. |
| **Locus** | The lower inscription on the brow of the western cave on the southern face of the Āṟunāṭṭārmalai hill; too weather-worn and faint to produce a legible estampage, but clearly visible to the naked eye. See section 1.4.1and Fig. 1.9. |
| **No. of lines** | 4 |
| **Length** | L. 1:156 cm.; L. 2:134 cm.; L. 3:126 cm.; L. 4:142 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century A.D. |
| **Publ.** | ARE 349/1927-28. IM:56/1966. RN:16.2 (pp. 66-74); RPS:38 (pp. 163-197); TVM:14-I (pp. 279-284; Pl. 23). I. Mahadevan 1965a, 1971: pp. 73-106. R. Panneerselvam 1968: pp. 421-425. K.V. Ramesh (in A.Chakravarti 1974):No. 4. K. G. Krishnan 1981a:pp. 24-30. |

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Notes