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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s6.t18: XVIII. Jambai

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s6.t18

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XVIII. Jambai

c28.s6.t18.1

Title of a member of the Satiya clan.

c28.s6.t18.2

Cf. *satiyaputō* (Pāli) in Asoka's Second Rock Edict at Girnar: *ēvamapi pracamtēsu yathā cōḍā pāḍā satiyaputō kētalaputō* 'and likewise among (his) borderers, such as the Cōḍas, the Pāṇḍyas, the Satiyaputa, the Kētalaputa' (*CII.* I. Gir. II.2). The title also occurs with slight variations in three other Rock Edicts of Asoka: *satiyaputē* (Jaugada II.1), *satiyaputra* (Mansehra II.6), and *satiyaputrō* (Shabazgarhi II. 4) (ibid.). See section 4.5.1 for identification of the expression as a title of the Atiyamāṉ dynasty of Takaṭūr.

c28.s6.t18.3

**a. *satiya*-** Cf. LT *atiyaṉ*; N. of the famous family of chieftains of Takaṭūr. As Burrow points out (1968 b: p. 159), *atiya-* (<*satiya-/*\**catiya-*) must be a native name and cannot be connected with *satya* (Skt.) 'true'. Ta. *atiya-* may also be derived directly from Dr. *catiya* with the loss of the initial palatal. An interesting confirmation of this deduction made on linguistic grounds comes from a Pkt. inscription at Amaravati: *cātiyaputānaṃ* 'of the Cātiya-putras' (C. Sivaramamurti 1977: No. 39, ca. 100 A.D.). Sivaramamurti's translation is 'sons of Catiya'; however, most probably, the term *-putānaṃ* means 'of the members of a tribe' here also as in *satiyaputō* in the Asokan Edicts. See **-putō** below.

c28.s6.t18.4

It appears likely that the Pkt. names *sata*, *sāta* and *satiya* are connected respectively with *ataṉ*, *ātaṉ* and *atiyaṉ* in Old Tamil. The evidence for this is provided by the occurrence of personal names like *sataṉ*/*ataṉ*, *sātaṉ*/*ātaṉ* and *satiya*-/*atiyaṉ* in the Early Ta. Br. inscriptions on stone, pottery and other inscribed objects. However, *cātaṉ* may also be connected with *cāttaṉ* (cf. Pkt. *sattha*, *sātha* 'merchandise'). As *sātaṉ* of the earlier period could also be written as *cātaṉ* in the later period, the latter cannot always be distinguished from *cāttaṉ*. See also discussion on ***cātaṉ*** (**55.5.d**).

c28.s6.t18.5

**b. *putō*** (*puttō*) is the nominative singular of *putta* (Pāli) < *putra* (Skt.) lit., 'son'. However *-putra* as a suffix should be interpreted here as 'belonging to a tribe' as in *rājaputra* (Lüders cited by Hultzsch in *CII.* I: p. 3, note 7). See also ***-mān*** (***māṉ***) below and ***-puta*** (**80.1.b**).

c28.s6.t18.6

Cf. (Pāli inscr.) *ayaputa* (< *āryaputra*) 'prince' (Asoka, *CII.* I: Brah. 1). Cf. (Pkt. inscr.) *vāsiṭhi-puta* 'son of a lady born in a family belonging to the Vasiṣṭha *gōtra*' (Nagarjunakonda, D.C. Sircar 1963-64a, *EI.* XXXV: pp. 1-36, Glossary).

c28.s6.t18.7

Cf. LT *puttiraṉ* 'son' (*Piṅkala.* 920).

c28.s6.t18.8

**59.2 *atiyan neṭumān añci*** N. of the donor, almost certainly the same as the famous chieftain Atiyamāṉ Neṭumāṉ Añci of Takaṭūr celebrated in several poems in Caṅkam literature (*Puṟa.* 87-95, 97-101, 103-104, 206, 231 & 235). See section 4.5.1 for the identification.

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Cf. **20.3** for comments on the incorrect substitution of *ṉ* with *n*. See also section 7.7.2.

c28.s6.t18.10

**a. *atiyan*** Read *atiyaṉ*. N. of a member of the ancient clan of Atiyar ruling from Takaṭūr (modern Dharmapuri).

c28.s6.t18.11

Cf. LT *atiyaṉ* (*Aka.* 325:8), *atiyar kōmāṉ* (*Puṟa.* 91:3-4) and *atiyamāṉ* (*Puṟa.* 87: colophon). The ancestors of the Atiyar are reputed to have introduced the cultivation of sugar cane in the Tamil country (*Puṟa.* 99:2). See **59.1.a** for the etymological connection with *satiya* < **catiya*.

c28.s6.t18.12

Cf. (inscr.) 'tikaḻ vēl atiyaṉ' 'Atiyaṉ of the shining spear' (*Pāṇṭiyar Ceppēṭukaḷ*: No. 2, Lines 25-26, ca. 8th cent. A.D.).

c28.s6.t18.13

***neṭumān*** Read *neṭumāṉ*, part of the composite name of Añci.

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**b. *neṭu-*** (adj.) 'great' (D. 3738). See also **1.5.a**.

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**c. *-mān*** (*-māṉ*), suffix added to names or titles; from *makaṉ* (n.) lit., 'son' (with the loss of intervocalic *-k-* and fusion of *a -a* > *ā*), but with the meaning 'member of a clan or tribe', or as an honorific with the meaning 'exalted person' (D. 4616). It has been translated as *-putō* (*puttō*, Pāli) or *puta* (*putta*, Pkt.) in either sense. ***satiyaputō*** (**59.1**) is an example of the first usage and ***kaṭummiputa*** (**80.1**) of the second.

c28.s6.t18.16

Cf. LT (-*māṉ* as suffix to clan names): *atiyamāṉ* (*Puṟa.* 101: 5), *vēṇmāṉ* (ibid. 395: 20); (-*māṉ* as a honorific suffix): *neṭumāṉ* (*Puṟa.* 92:6); *kaṭumāṉ* (ibid. 43:11); See also ***kaṇimāṉ*** **(73.1)**.

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Cf. (inscr.) *tattamāṉ* 'a personal name' (Pulankurichi Inscrs. I.18, ca. 5th cent. A.D.).

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**d. *añci*** (N.) The proper name of the chieftain (*Puṟa.* 91:4). The name was also borne by a Caṅkam poet, Añcil Añci (author, *Naṟṟ.* 90). The etymology of the word is not known.

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**59.3 *ītta*** (v.) 'which was given'; adjectival past participle from *ī* 'to give'.

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**Analysis:** *ī* (stem) + *tt* (past tense marker) + *a* (participial suffix).

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Cf. LT *pāṭunarkku ītta pal pukaḻ aṇṇē āṭunarkku ītta pēraṉpiṉaṉē* 'The famous one who gave to the bards, the affectionate one who gave to the dancers' (*Puṟa.* 221:1-2).

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See also ***īttavaṉ*** **(12.3)**.

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**59.4 *paḷi*** (*paḷḷi*) (n.) 'hermitage'. See **1.9**.

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