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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s7.t10: XXVIII. Ammankoyilpatti

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s7.t10

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XXVIII. Ammankoyilpatti

c28.s7.t10.1

**84.1 *parampaṉ-kōkūr*** (P.) The place name has three segments.

c28.s7.t10.2

**a. *parampaṉ*** (n.) Cf. (inscr.) *parampar* 'a class of cultivators' (*SITI*. III. 2. Glossary), from *parampu* 'dry ground laid out (for cultivation)' (*TL*).

c28.s7.t10.3

Cf. *parampu* 'to become flattened, be spread out' (D. 3949). The word *parampaṉ* qualifies the place name indicating that the village was inhabited by the Parampar. Alternatively, *parampaṉ* may be treated as an attribute formed from *parampu*, signifying the nature of the terrain.

c28.s7.t10.4

Cf. (inscr.) *parampañ- cey nilam* 'a type of cultivated land' (K.Venidevi and R. Kalaikkovan 1996: *Varalāṟu*, No. 6, pp. 71-72, Inscription No. 6, Pāṇṭiya, 13th cent. A.D.).

c28.s7.t10.5

**b. *kōk*(u)** probably for *kōṅku* 'common caung, ironwood of Malabar' (D. 2185).

c28.s7.t10.6

Cf. LT *kōṅku* 'the *kōṅku* tree' (*Aka.* 25:9-11; *Puṟa.* 321:4-5; *Tivā.* 650; *Piṅkala.* 2683; *Cūṭā.* 4:4).

c28.s7.t10.7

**c. *ūr*** (n.) 'village'. See **19.2**.

c28.s7.t10.8

**84.2 *kil[ā]r*** (n.) lit., 'owner'; occurs here as a title of the chief of the village or its leading landowner or an eminent person of the locality. *kiḻār* is honorific singular for *kiḻāṉ* (D. 1979). The title was often suffixed to a place name and the whole phrase served as a personal name as in this case.

c28.s7.t10.9

Cf. LT Aricil Kiḻār (author, *Patiṟ.* Eighth Decade); *kiḻavar* 'owners' (*Tivā.* 243; *Cūṭā.* 2:40); *kiḻavaṉ* 'owner' (*Piṅkala.* 893).

c28.s7.t10.10

Cf. (inscr.) *amparu kiḻāṉ, nallaṉ-kiḻāṉ* (Pulankurichi Inscrs. II. 11-12, ca. 5th cent. A.D.); *cēvūr kiḻāṉ* (ARE 358/1959-60, Pāṇṭiya, 7th cent. A.D.); *kuṉṟattūr kiḻār* (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 92, ca. 8th cent. A.D.).

c28.s7.t10.11

**84.3 *makaṉ*** (n.) 'son'.

c28.s7.t10.12

**84.4 *viyakkaṉ kōpaṉ kaṇa-tēvaṉ*** N. of the donor.

c28.s7.t10.13

**a. *viyakkaṉ*** A personal name. Cf.*visaka* (Pkt.). See *viyakaṉ* (**39.2**) for further comments.

c28.s7.t10.14

The name *viyakkaṉ* probably occurs in the phrase *veñciṉa viyakkaṉum*, 'and also the indignant Viyakkaṉ' (*Puṟa.* 71:14); the old commentary construes the phrase as *veñciṉa-v-iyakkaṉ-um*, although the resulting word *iyakkaṉ* (Skt. *yakṣha*) occurs nowhere else in Caṅkam literature.

c28.s7.t10.15

**b. *kōpaṉ*** A personal name derived from *gōpa* (Skt.) 'protector, guardian' (MW).

c28.s7.t10.16

Cf. (inscr.) *vishṇugōpa* 'N. of a Pallava king' (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 77: Line 48, Skt. portion,ca. 8th cent. A.D.); (Sinh. Pkt. inscr.) *gōpa* 'a personal name' (Paranavitana 1970: No. 1205).

c28.s7.t10.17

**c. *kaṇa*- (*kaṇṇa*-).** Attribute from *kaṇaṉ* (*kaṇṇaṉ*) (N.) which may be derived from *kaṇha* (Pkt.) < *kṛishṇa* (Skt.) or *kaṇṇa* (Pkt.) < *karṇa* (Skt.).

c28.s7.t10.18

Cf. (Pkt. inscr.) *kaṇha* (< *kṛishṇa*) 'a personal name' (Lüders List: Index); (Sinh. Pkt. inscr.) *kaṇa* (<*karṇa* or *kṛishṇa*) 'a personal name' (Paranavitana 1970: Glossary).

c28.s7.t10.19

Cf. LT *kaṇṇaṉ eḻiṉi* 'N. of a chieftain' (*Aka.* 197:7). There were several poets in the Caṅkam Age with *kaṇṇaṉ* as part of their names e.g., Maturai Kaṇṇaṉ-ār (author, *Kuṟun.* 107); *kaṇṇaṉ* 'one of the names of Vishṇu (*Tivā.* 3; *Piṅkala.* 130; *Cūṭā.* 1:14).

c28.s7.t10.20

Cf. (inscr.) *kāri kaṇṇaṉ* (Pulankurichi Inscrs. II. 12-13, ca. 5th cent. A.D.); *kaṇṇañ-cāttaṉ* (*SII.* V:No. 379, Pāṇṭiya, ca. 9th cent. A.D.).

c28.s7.t10.21

**d. tēvaṉ** A personal name or title derived from *dēva* (Skt.) 'god, lord', commonly suffixed to names of kings, chieftains and members of some communities in ancient Tamil country. Cf. **tēvaṉ cāttaṉ** (**85.4**).

c28.s7.t10.22

Cf. (Pāli inscr.) *dēva* (Asoka, frequent, *CII.* I:Index); (Pkt. inscr.) *dēva* (K.G. Krishnan, ed. 1989:No. 46); (Sinh. Pkt. inscr.) *dēva* (Paranavitana 1970: Glossary).

c28.s7.t10.23

Cf. LT *tēvar* (*Puṟa.* 228:11; *Pari.* 3:28); *tēvaṉ* (*Cilap.* 6:12; *Maṇi.* 27:97); *tēvar* (*Tivā.* 2450; *Piṅkala.* 177; *Cūṭā.* 1:42).

c28.s7.t10.24

Cf. (inscr.) *vāci-tēvaṉāru kōṭṭam* '(Jaina) temple of Vāsudēva' (Pulankurichi Inscrs. II. 5, ca. 5th cent. A.D.); *tēvapūti* (Pallava Inscrs. No. 71, 8th cent. A.D.); *cāttaṉ-tēvaṉ*, *tēvañ-cēntaṉ* 'personal names' (*SII.* V:Nos. 310 & 385 respectively, Pāṇṭiya, ca. 9th cent. A.D.). The Cōḻa and Pāṇṭiya kings generally affixed the title *tēvar* to their names in the inscriptions of the medieval period.

c28.s7.t10.25

(*toṭṭa*) (v.) 'which was excavated'; adjectival past participle from *toṭu* 'to dig, excavate' (D. 3549).

c28.s7.t10.26

**Analysis:** *toṭu* (stem) + *t* (past tense marker) + *a* (participial suffix).The consonant *-ṭ-* is not doubled.

c28.s7.t10.27

Cf. LT *kuḷam toṭṭu vaḷam perukki* 'digging tanks and increasing prosperity' (*Paṭṭiṉa.* 284); *toṭṭaṉaittu ūṟum maṇaṟkēṇi* 'dug in sand, water flows freely in the well' (*Kuṟaḷ.* 396); *toṭṭal* 'to dig' (*Tivā.* 1660; *Piṅkala.* 2153; *Cūṭā.* 9:26).

c28.s7.t10.28

Cf. (inscr.) ...*toṭṭa kuḷam* 'tank excavated by ... (name lost)', Tamil inscription in Thailand, ca. 9th cent. A.D. (T.A. Gopinatha Rao 1925-26, *EI.* XVIII: p. 71).

c28.s7.t10.29

(n.) 'mountain pool, spring' (D. 2716). The *cuṇai* mentioned in this inscription has been excavated from live rock and is exceptionally large and deep. It is still meeting the drinking water requirements of the neighbourhood.

c28.s7.t10.30

Cf. LT *ūlpaṭu pāṟai neṭuñcuṇai* 'the large pool (excavated out of) ancient rock' (*Aka.* 2:3-4); *cuṇai* 'pool' (*Tivā.* 895; *Piṅkala.* 604; *Cūṭā.* 5:23).

c28.s7.t10.31

Cf. (inscr.) *cuṇai maṇi-p-pāṟai* 'rock with the spring' (*EI.* XIII: No. 10, p. 144, ca. 8th cent. A.D.).

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