Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s3.t1: Common Toponyms in Place Names

c29.s3.t1.1

| *akaram* | 108.1 | 'a Brahman village'. |
| *akaḻ* | 76.3.a | 'moat, tank, reservoir'. |
| *aṟai* | 3.3.b, 6.1.b | 'rock, stone'. |
| *il* | 33.1.b, 35.1.b | 'place'. |
| *ūr* | 19.2 | 'village, town, city'. |
| *-ūr* | | id.; frequent suffix to place names. See Etymological Index: Dravidian (Appendix IV). |
| *e-iyl (eyil)* | 18.1 | 'fortress, city, town'. |
| *ēri* | 60.4 | 'lake, large tank'. |
| *kāṭu, kāṭṭu* | 8.1.b, 52.1.b, 55.1.b, 117.1.b | 'forest, jungle'. |
| *kīḻ (kīḻ)* | 113.1.a | 'east, eastern'. |
| *kuṉṟa(m)* | 60.1.b | 'hill, mountain'. |
| *cēri* | 112.2.b, 113.1.b | 'village, hamlet, quarter'. |
| *talai* | 21.1.b | 'place'. |
| *tiṭi (tiṭṭi)* | 33.1.a, 58.1 | 'raised ground'. |
| *tuṟai* | 50.1.b | 'waterfront'. |
| *teṉku* | 49.5.a | 'south, southern'. |
| *toṇṭi* | 10.2 | 'a small arm of the sea'. |
| *nāṭu, nāṭṭu* | 49.1.b, 115.2.b | 'country, province, district'. |
| *parampaṉ* | 84.1.a | (n.) 'a member of a class of cultivators (*parampaṟ*)' or, (attribute) from *parampu* 'dry ground laid out for cultivation'. |
| *paḷ[i]-i (paḷḷi-)* | 46.1.b | 'hamlet'. |
| *pēṟu* | 101.1.c | 'village, small town'. |
| *pokal* | 83.1.b | (LT *pukal*) 'refuge, residence'. |
| *pocil* | 49.5.c | (Cf. Ka. *hosilu*, Ta. *vācal*) 'entrance'. |
| *poykai* | 101.1.b, 102.2 | 'spring, pond, tank'. |
| *malai* | 85.3.a, 119.1.c | 'hill, mountain'. |
| *mukai* | 112.1.a | 'cave'. |
| *mēl* | 112.2.a | 'west, western'. |
| *yāṟṟu* | 61.3.a, 62.3, 63.1.a | 'of the river (< *yāṟu*)'. |
| *veḷi* | 7.1.b | 'open space, field'. |