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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s4: Appendix IV: Etymological Index: Dravidian

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s4

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Appendix IV: Etymological Index: Dravidian

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This Index is a list of the Dravidian (Dr.) etyma in the Corpus.

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**Headwords (in bold italics in col.1)** are arranged in the Tamil alphabetical order. Noun stems are given without the paragogic suffixes or case-endings found in the original inscriptions. Minimal segments of personal names (N.) and place names (P.) which appear to be Dravidian are also included. Emendations or corrections (as in the Commentary) are in italics within brackets next to the headwords. Grammatical parts of speech are indicated next within brackets. See List of Abbreviations.

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**Reference Numbers (as in the Commentary)** of words and segments are given col. 2.

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**Dravidian Parallels** are given in col. 3, mostly from *Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (DEDR;* entry numbers are marked D.) or from *Tamil Lexicon (TL).* For entries not found in these two sources, literary or inscriptional references are cited. Names of Dravidian languages are abbreviated as in *DEDR.* Literary and inscriptional citations and discussion on etymology will be found in the Commentary on the entries indicated by the Reference Numbers.

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See Etymological Index: Doubtful Items (Appendix VI) for etyma whose derivation from Dr. or IA is in doubt. See also section 3.2 (Dravidian element) in Chapter 3.

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| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| ***akaḻ*** (n.) | 76.3.a | *akaḻ* (D. 11). |
| ***añci*** (N.) | 59.2.d | *añci (TL).* |
| ***aṇṇi*** (n.) | 83.4.c | *aṇṇi* (D. 131). |
| ***aṇa*** (n.) | 120.2.b | *aṇai* (Ta.), *aṇa* (Ma.) (D. 122). |
| ***aṇi*** (n.) | 44.2.b | *aṇi* (D. 120). |
| ***ataṉ*** (N.) | 12.4.b, 13.2.b, 36.3.a, 36.3.b, 40.3, 40.5.a, 40.5.b | Cf. *ata(ṉ)-* in *ataṅkōṭṭ-ācāṉ (TL).* |
| ***atiyaṉ*** (*atiyaṉ*) (N.) | 59.2.a | *atiyaṉ* (*Aka.* 325:8). |
| ***atiṇṇaṉ*** (*atiṇṇaṉ*) (N.) | 7.2.b | *atiṇṇaṉ* in a coin-legend; (Table 1.6, No. 13). |
| ***atai*** (n.) | 30.2, 56.2 | Variant of *antai;* cf. *attaṉ* (D. 142). |
| ***antay*** | 77.2.b | See *antai.* |
| ***antuvaṉ*** (N.) | 53.1 | *antuvaṉ* (*Aka.*59:12). |
| ***antai*** (n.) | 3.7.a, 20.1.a, 25.1.a, 26.1.a, 27.2.a, 28.1.a, 29.1.b, 31.1.b, 32.1.b, 66.2.b, 67.1.b | *antai* (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 74); occurs in LT only as a bound suffix in masc. personal names; cf. also *tantai, entai,* etc., (D. 3067). |
| ***apa-*** (*appa-*) (n.) | 79.1.b | *appaṉ* (D. 156). |
| ***ama*** (LT *amai*) (v.) | 48.6 | *amai* (D. 161). |
| ***ay-am*** (*ayam*) (n.) | 35.2.b | *ayam* (D. 188). |

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| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| **araṭṭa-** (N.) | 60.7.a | **araṭṭaṉ** (TL); |
| | | Cf. **araṭṭu** (D. 3605). |
| **av-** (pron.) | 45.3.a | **a-**, **av-** (D. 1). |
| **aṟam** (n.) | 76.4 | **aṟam** (D. 311). |
| **aṟutta** (v.) | 61.14 | **aṟu** (D. 315). |
| **aṟupitta** (*aṟuppitta*) (v.) | 63.5 | id. |
| **aṟupita** (*aṟuppitta*) (v.) | 62.14 | id. |
| **aṟuvai** (n.) | 46.2.a | **aṟuvai** (D. 318). |
| **aṟai** (n.) | 3.3.b, 6.1.b | **aṟai** (D. 321). |
| (**ā**)**-iṉa** (LT *āyina*) (v.) | 41.2 | **ā** (D. 333). |
| **āka** (v.) | 61.13, 62.13 | **āku** (D. 333). |
| **āṭi** (v.) | 112.3 | **āṭu** (D. 347). |
| **ātaṉ** (N.) | 61.7.a, 62.7.a, 70.2.b, 74.2.a | **ātaṉ** (TL). |
| **ātāṉ** (*ātaṉ*) | 82.2 | See **ātaṉ**. |
| **āru** (LT *ār*) (v.) | 114.2.b | **ār** (D. 368). |
| **itta** (LT *itai* / *ittai*) (pron., accusative case) | 13.3 | *ittai* (*Peru. Aka.*); cf. *itu*, *ihtu* (D. 410a). |
| **ittā-** (LT *itā*) (intj.) | 1.4 | **itā** (D. 410a). |
| **ir**[**u**]**-a-ar** (LT *iruvar*) (num. pron.) | 45.3.b | **iruvar** (D. 474). |
| **irum-** (adj.) | 61.7.c, 62.7.c | **iru-**, **irumai** (D. 481). |
| **iruvar** (num.pron.) | 48.5 | **iruvar** (D. 474). |
| **il** (n.) | 33.1.b, 35.1.b | **il** (D. 494). |
| (**i**)[**l**]**avōṉ** (*illavōṉ*) (N.) | 10.3 | Cf. *illōṉ* (*Peru. Aka.*). |
| **iḷa-** (adj.) | 17.1.a | **iḷa-**, (D. 513). |
| **iḷa**(**m**)**-** (adj.) | 2.7.a, 76.1.a, | **iḷam-**, **iḷamai** (D. 513). |
| [**i\***][**ḷ**]**a**(**m**)**-** (adj.) | 61.11.a, 61.12.a, 62.11.c, 62.12.a, 89.2.a | id. |
| **iḷayar** (LT *iḷaiyar*) (n.) | 49.6 | **iḷaiyar** (D. 513). |
| [**i\***]**ḷava**[**ṉ**] (N.) | 67.1.c | Cf. **eḷavaṉ** (inscr., *SII.* XVII:No. 400); **iḷaval**, **iḷaiyaṉ** (D. 513). |
| **ītta** (v.) | 59.3 | **ī** (D. 2598). |
| **īttavaṉ** (v.) | 12.3 | id. |
| **ītā** (intj.) | 2.4, 16.1 | **ītā** (D. 410a). |
| **upaṟuva**[**ṉ\***] (*uppaṟuvaṉ*) (N.) | 11.4 | Cf. **upparavar** (D. 626); **uppāṟa** (Ka.) (D. 628). |
| **upu** (*uppu*) (n.) | 39.1.a | **uppu** (D. 2674a). |
| **ur** (*ūr*) | 55.1.c, 121.1.b | See **ūr**. |
| **uru** (*ūru*) | 112.1.b | id. |

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| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| **uḷ** (n.) | 60.2.b, 114.2.a | *uḷ* (D. 698). |
| **uṟai** (n.) | 9.3, 24.4, 60.2.a, 61.5, 62.5 | *uṟai* (D. 710). |
| **ūr** (n.) | 13.1.b, 19.2, 30.1.b, 34.1.b, 35.1.c, 49.2.b, 56.1.c, 57.1.b, 61.3.b, 63.1.b, 63.3.b, 65.1.b, 66.1.b, 69.1.b, 73.2.b, 74.1.b, 76.3.b, 84.1.c | *ūr* (D. 752). |
| **ūru** (LT *ūr*) | 52.1.c, 117.1.c | See **ūr**. |
| **ūṟu** (*ūṟṟu*) (n.) | 75.1 | *ūṟṟu* (D. 761). |
| **e-iyl** (*eyil*) (P.) | 18.1 | *eyil* (D. 808). |
| **ek-** (prob., < *eru-k-*) by contraction (n.) | 117.1.a | Cf. *eru* (D. 813). |
| **eṇ-** (LT *eḷ-*) (in sandhi) (n.) | 70.1.a | *eṇ*, *eḷ* (D. 854). |
| **em** (pron., obl.) | 19.1 | *yām* > *em* (D. 5154). |
| **eru** (n.) | 52.1.a, 55.1.a | *eru* (D. 813). |
| **erumi** (n.) | 49.1.a | Cf. *erumai* (Ta.), *erme* (Ka., Tu.), *ermi* (Go.) (D. 816). |
| **eḷutt[u]** (n.) | 85.1 | *eḻuttu* (D. 853). |
| **eṭai** (prob., < *eḍai*, LT *iṭai*) (n.) | 34.1.a | *iṭai* (D. 448 or 450). |
| **eḷa-** (LT *iḷa-*) (adj.) | 43.2.a, 56.5.a | *iḷa-* (D. 513). |
| **eḷa-s-** (N.) | 46.3.a | Cf. *eḷavaṇ* (inscr., *SII.* XVII: No. 400). |
| **ēri** (P.) | 60.4 | *ēri* (D. 901). |
| **ēva** (v.) | 76.2 | *ēvu* (D. 909). |
| **ēl** (v. or num. adj.) | 121.1.a | *eḻu-* (D. 851a) or *ēḻu* (D. 910). |
| **ē[l](u)** (num.) | 116.1.c | *ēḻu* (D. 910). |
| **aim-** (num. adj.) | 116.1.a | *ai-*, *aim-* (D. 2826). |
| **opaṇ** (*oppaṇ*) (N.) | 79.1.a | Cf. *oppu* (Ta.), *oppa* (Ka.) (D. 924). |
| **kaṭal-aṇ** (*kaṭalaṇ*) (N.) | 1.7.a | Cf. *kaṭal*, *kaṭalar* (D. 1118); *kaṭalaṇ* (Aka. 81:13). |
| **kaṭu(m)-** (adj.) | 61.9.b, 61.11.b, 62.9.b, 62.11.a, 62.11.d | *kaṭum-*, *kaṭumai* (D. 1135). |
| **kaṭummi** (*kaṭumi*) (N.) | 80.1.a | Cf. *kaḍimi* (Te.) (D. 1135). |
| **kaya[m\*]** (n.) | 54.2 | *kayam* (D. 1251). |
| **karanṭai** (n.) | 51.1 | *karaṇṭai* (*TL*). |
| **karu** (n.?) | 69.1.a | Etymology uncertain. |
| **karu-iya** (v.) | 17.2 | Cf. *karu*, *karukku* (n.) (D. 1280). |
| **karukiya** (*karukkiya*) (v.) | 112.4 | id. |

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| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| ***kal*** (n.) | 14.3.a, 48.7, 61.15, 62.15, 101.3, 114.3 | ***kal*** (D. 1298). |
| ***kala-*** (n.) | 16.4 | ***kalam*** (TL). |
| ***kavi*** (n.) | 57.3 | *kevi* (Ta.), *gavi* (Ka., Te.) (D. 1332). |
| ***kaḻu-*** (cf.LT *kaṭu-*) (adj.) | 44.1.a | ***kaṭu-*** (D. 1135). |
| ***kāṭṭ(u)*** (n., obl.) | 117.1.b | ***kāṭu*** (D. 1438). |
| ***kāṭa*** (*kāṭṭa* < *kāṭu* + *a*) (n., genitive case) | 8.1.b | *kāṭṭa* (*Aka.* 53:7); ***kāṭu*** (D. 1438). |
| ***kāṭu*** (*kāṭṭu*) (n., obl.) | 52.1.b, 55.1.b | ***kāṭu*** (D. 1438). |
| ***kāttāṉ*** (N.) | 58.2 | *kāttāṉ* (TL) < ***kā*** (D. 1416). |
| ***kātaṉ*** (N.) | 107.1 | Cf. ***kā*** > *kād-* (Ka. ) (D. 1416); or *kātu* (D. 1448). |
| ***kāpi*** (*kāppi*) (N. or. P.) | 74.1.a | Cf. *kāppiyāṟu* (*Patiṟ. Patikam* 4); *kāppiya-k-kuṭi* (TL). |
| ***kāri*** (N.) | 118.2.b | ***kār***, ***kāri*** (D. 1278c). |
| ***kāl*** (n.) | 3.6.a | ***kāl*** 'pearl' (TL); cf. *kāl* 'seed, stone' (D. 1493). |
| ***kiḻ-*** (*kīḻ-*) (adj.) | 113.1.a | ***kīḻ*** (D. 1619). |
| ***kiḻ[ā]r*** (n.) | 84.2 | ***kiḻāṉ*** (D. 1979). |
| ***kiraṉ*** (N.) | 65.4.a, 66.4.a, 72.3.b | *kiraṉ* (TL). |
| ***ku-aṉ*** | 2.2.c | See ***kuvaṉ***. |
| ***kuṭupita*** (*kuṭuppitta*) (v.) | 14.2 | *kuṭu* (inscr., *SII.*V:Nos. 405-406); LT *koṭu* (D. 2053). |
| ***kuṭupitō[r*]*** (*kuṭuppittōr*) (v.) | 45.4 | *koṭu* (D. 2053). |
| ***kuṇā*** (P.) | 89.1 | Cf. *kuṇātu* 'to the east' (*Aka.* 4:14). |
| ***kumuḻ*** (LT *kumiḻ*) (n.) | 49.2.a | ***kumiḻ*** (D. 1742). |
| ***kuv-aṉ*** (*kuvaṉ*) | 1.2.c | See ***kuvaṉ***. |
| ***kuva[ṉ*]*** (N.) | 3.2.c | Cf. *kuvāvaṉ* (inscr., *EI.* XIII:p. 139); *kuvavu* 'greatness' (*Cūṭā.* 8: 10); *kuvva* (Te.) cited in *TL*. |
| ***kuṟṟaṉ*** (N.) | 63.4.b | *kuṟu-* (Ta.), *kurra* (Te.) (D. 1851). |
| ***kuṟa*** (LT *kuṟai*) (n.) | 11.1 | ***kuṟai*** (D. 1859). |
| ***kuṟu*** (*kūṟu*) (n.) | 12.1 | ***kūṟu*** (D. 1924). |
| ***kuṟum-*** (adj.) | 65.3.a | ***kuṟu-***, ***kuṟum-***, *kuṟumai* (D. 1851). |
| ***kuṉṟatu*** (*kuṉṟattu*) (n., obl.) | 60.1.b | ***kuṉṟam*** (D. 1864). |
| ***kuṉṟu*** (n.) | 73.5 | ***kuṉṟu*** (D. 1864). |
| ***kūṟṟaṉ*** (N.) | 88.6.b | Cf. ***kūṟu***, ***kūṟṟam*** (D. 1924). |

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| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| *koṭṭupitta* (v.) | 1.8 | *koṭṭu* (D. 2063); cf. *koṭṭuvittāṉ* (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 85). |
| *koṭṭupitōṉ* (*koṭṭupittōṉ*) (v.) | 8.3, 9.4 | *koṭṭu* (D. 2063). |
| *koṭal* (*koṭṭal*) (verbal noun) | 12.2 | id. |
| *koṭi-ōr* (*koṭṭi-ōr*) (v.) | 6.3 | id. |
| *koṭiy-avaṉ* (*koṭṭiyavaṉ*) (v.) | 4.3 | id. |
| *koṭu* (v.) | 10.4 | *koṭu* (D. 2053). |
| *koṭupi...* (*koṭuppi...*) (v.) | 15.2 | id. |
| *koṭupita-avaṉ* (*koṭuppittavaṉ*) (v.) | 44.3 | id. |
| *koṭupitavaṉ* (*koṭuppittavaṉ*) (v.) | 11.2, 53.2 | id. |
| *koṭupitōṉ* (*koṭuppittōṉ*) (v.) | 3.9, 5.2, 7.4 | id. |
| *kolvaṉ* (Cf.LT *kollaṉ*) (n.) | 36.2.b | *kol, kollaṉ* (D. 2133). |
| *koḻu* (n.) | 43.1.a | *koḻu* (D. 2147). |
| *korra-* (N.) | 67.1.a, 77.2.a | Cf. *korram, korravaṉ* (D. 2169). |
| *korri* (N.) | 66.4.b, 113.3.b | *korri* (D. 2169). |
| *korrai* (prob., variant of *korravai*)(P.) | 104.1 | Cf. *korravai* (D. 2169). |
| *kori* (*korri*) | 65.4.b | See *korri*. |
| *koriya* (*korriya*) (v.) | 52.3 | Cf. *korru* (n.) (*TL*), *kottu* (v.) (D. 2091), *kurru* (v.) (D. 1850a), *korriṅga* (inscr.). |
| *kō*¹ (n.) | 61.6, 61.11.c, 61.12.b, 62.6, 62.11.e, 62.12.b, 81.1, 82.1, 88.4(?), 89.2.b | *kō* 'king, chieftain'. (D. 2177). |
| *kō*² (n.) | 119.1.b | *kō* 'mountain' (D. 2178). |
| *kōk(u)* (Cf.LT *kōṅku*) (n.) | 84.1.b | *kōṅku* (D. 2185). |
| *kōṭaṉ* (N.) | 56.4 | *kōṭaṉ* (*Puṟa.* 176:7). |
| *kōṭu* (n.) | 120.1.b | *kōṭu* (D. 2049). |
| *kōḻi* (n.) | 112.5, 113.2 | *kōḻi* (D. 2248). |
| *kōṉ* (n.) | 52.2.b, 61.9.c, 62.9.c, 62.11.b, 73.4, 117.2 | *kōṉ* (D. 2177). |
| *caṭikaṉ* (N.) | 2.7.b, 2.9 | Cf. *caṭaiyaṉ* (inscr., *SII.* XIV: Index). |
| *cam-* (LT *cem-*) | 101.1.a, 105.1.a | See *ce(m)-* . |
| *caliyaṉ* (LT *ceḻiyaṉ*) (N.) | 1.5.b, 2.5.b | *ceḻiyaṉ* (*TL*); cf. *ceḻi* (D. 2789). |
| *cilivaṉ* (N.) | 7.2.a, 19.3 | Cf. *ceḻiyaṉ* (*TL*). |
| *ciṟu-* (adj.) | 49.5.b, 73.9.a, 106.1.a | *ciṟu-* (D. 1594). |
| *cuṇai* (n.) | 84.6 | *cuṇai* (D. 2716). |

c29.s4.12

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| **ceṇṇaṉ** (N.) | 106.1.b | ceṇṇa (Ka. inscr., *Epi. Car.* XIII: Index); cf. *ceṇṇu*, *ceṇṇam* (*TL*). |
| **ce(m)-** (adj.) | 22.1.a, 61.4.a, 62.4.a, 63.2.a, 109.1.a, 110.1.a | *cem-* (D. 2747). |
| **ceyta** (v.) | 49.7 | *cey* (D. 1957). |
| **ceytā[ṉ\*]** (v.) | 55.4 | id. |
| **ceypita** (*ceypitta*) (v.) | 89.3 | id. |
| **ceyvittāṉ** (v.) | 88.2 | id. |
| **cēyita** (LT *ceyta*) (v.) | 76.6 | id. |
| **ceyitāṉ** (LT *ceytāṉ*) (v.) | 73.7 | id. |
| **ceyipita** (*ceyipitta*) (v.) | 65.5 | id. |
| **ceyivitta** (LT *ceyvitta*) (v.) | 83.5 | id. |
| **cel** (N.) | 61.7.b, 62.7.b | Cf. *cel* 'thunderbolt' (*TL*) or *cel-v-am*, *cellam* (D. 2786). |
| **ceṟ-** (*ceṟṟ-*) (LT *ciṟṟ-*) (adj.) | 12.4.a | Cf. *ciṟṟu* (Ta.), *ceṟṟu* (Ma.) (D. 1594). |
| **cē** (N.) | 83.2.a, 83.4.a | Cf. *cē-k-kiḻār* 'a family name' (*TL*); *cē* 'redness' (D. 1931), 'bull' (D. 2818), 'Taurus zodiac sign' (*TL*). |
| **cē-iya** (v.) | 2.10 | From *cē* (LT *cey*, D. 1957). |
| **cētavar** (LT *ceytavar*) (v.) | 35.3 | id.; cf. *cēta* (LT *ceyta*) (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 268) |
| **cēnta-** (N.) | 28.1.b | *cēntaṉ* (*TL*). |
| **cēy-a** (v.) | 31.2 | From *cē* (LT *cey*, D.1957). |
| **cēra-** (N.) | 80.1.c | *cēraṉ* (*TL*). |
| **cēri** (n.) | 112.2.b, 113.1.b | *cēri* (D. 2007). |
| **cēvit-ōṉ** (*cēvittōṉ*) (v.) | 18.3 | From *cē* (LT *cey*, D. 1957); cf. *cēvittāṉ* (inscr., *SII.* V: No. 406); (LT *ceyvittāṉ*). |
| **taṇṭaṉ** (N.) | 109.1.b, 110.1.b | Cf. *taṇṭu* 'to collect' (D. 3054) or 'army, troop' (D. 3055). |
| **tanta** (v.) | 73.3 | *tā* 'to capture' (*TL*); cf. *tā* 'to give to 1st or 2nd person' (D. 3098). |
| **tantai** (n.) | 2.8 | *tantai* (D. 3067). |
| **talai** (n.) | 21.1.b | 'word used as locative suffix' (*TL*), 'place' (*Tivā.* 1023); cf. *tala* (Te.) 'place' (D. 3103). |
| **tātta-** (N.) | 118.2.a | *tāta* (Ka., Te.) (D. 3160); Cf. *tātai* (*TL*). |
| **tāyiyaru** (n.) | 83.3 | Cf. (Ka.) *tāyiyaru* (honorific sing.). from *tāyi* (D. 364). |

c29.s4.13

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| [***t***]***āvaṉ*** (N.) | 63.3.a | Prob., a personal name from *tāvu* 'might, strength' (*Tivā.* 1402). |
| ***tiṭi*** (*tiṭṭi*) (P.) | 33.1.a, 58.1 | *tiṭṭi* (D. 3221). |
| ***tuṟukay*** (*tuṟukai*) (n.) | 114.1 | Prob., 'vent in a sluice'; cf. *tuṟukal* 'stone to close the outlet of a channel' (*TL*); *tuṟ* 'hole' (D. 3399b), *tūṟu* (Ka.) 'go through a hole' (D. 3399a). |
| ***tuṟai*** (n.) | 50.1.b | *tuṟai* (D. 3370). |
| ***teṇku*** (LT *teṟku*) (n.) | 49.5.a | *teṇ-, teṟku* (D. 3449). |
| ***tēṉ*** (n.) | 73.2.a | *tēṉ* (D. 3268b). |
| ***taita*** (*taitta*) (v.) | 101.2 | *tai* 'to make' (*TL*). |
| ***toṭa*** (*toṭṭa*) (v.) | 84.5 | *toṭu* (D. 3549). |
| ***toṇṭi*** (P.) | 10.2 | 'An ancient seaport'; cf. *toṇṭi* 'small arm of the sea' (*TL*). |
| ***tōṭaṉ*** (N.) | 102.1.b | Prob., from *tōṭu* 'ear ornament' (D.3545) or *toṭu* 'to wear (clothes), put on (dress)' (D. 3482). |
| ***nal-*** (adj.) | 17.3.a | *nal-* (D. 3610). |
| ***nalli*** (N.) | 66.1.a | Prob., a personal name from *nal-* 'good' (D. 3610). |
| ***nali*** (*nalli*) | 65.1.a | See *nalli*. |
| (***n***)***āṭṭu*** (n., obl.) | 115.2.b | *nāṭu* (D. 3638). |
| ***nāṭu*** (prob., -*nāṭṭu*) (n., obl.) | 49.1.b | id. |
| ***nālaḷ*** (*nāḷal*) (P.) | 77.1. | From *ñāḻal, nāḷal* 'a flowering tree' (D. 2915). |
| ***nīr*** (n.) | 120.2.a | *nīr* (D. 3690 a). |
| ***nūṟu*** (num.) | 16.3 | *nūṟu* (D. 3729). |
| ***neṭi***(***m***)***-*** | 2.5.a | See **neṭu(m)-** . |
| ***neṭu-*** | 42.2.a, 55.5.c, 59.2.b | id. |
| ***neṭu***(***m***)***-*** (adj.) | 1.5.a | *neṭu-, neṭum-* (D. 3738). |
| ***nel*** (n.) | 7.1.a, 16.5 | *nel* (D. 3753). |
| -(***n***)***ai*** (LT *ney*) (n.) (in sandhi) | 70.1.b | *ney* (D. 3746). |
| ***nōṟṟa*** (v.) | 116.3 | *nōl* (D. 3800). |
| ***nōṟṟu*** (v.) | 115.7 | id. |
| ***paṇa-aṉ*** (n.) | 1.6 | Cf. *paṇavaṉ* (TL); *paṇ* (D. 3884). |
| ***patt***(***u***) (num.) | 116.1.b | *pattu* (D. 3918). |
| ***patiṉ-*** (num. adj.) | 30.1.a | *patiṉ-* (D. 3918). |

c29.s4.14

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| ***par-acu*** (*paracu*) (N.) | 9.2 | Prob., from *paracu* 'to praise, extol' (D. 3951). |
| ***parampaṉ*** (n.) | 84.1.a | Cf. *parampar* 'a class of cultivators' (*SITI*. III. 2: Glossary); *parampu* (D. 3949). |
| ***pal-*** (adj.) | 118.1.a | *pal-* (D. 3987). |
| ***paḷḷi*** (n.) | 83.6, 88.1 | *paḷḷi* 'hermitage, especially of Buddhists and Jains' (D. 4018). |
| ***paḷi*** ¹ (*paḷḷi*) (n.) | 1.9, 2.11, 10.5, 15.1, 34.3, 52.4, 59.4, 65.6, 77.3, 89.4 | id. |
| ***paḷ[i]*** ² (*paḷḷi*) (n.) | 46.1.b | *paḷḷi* 'hamlet' (D. 4018). |
| ***paṟai*** (n.) | 50.1.a | *paṟai* (D. 4037). |
| ***pā*** (n.) | 8.1.a | Prob., *pā* 'expanse' (D. 4088). |
| ***pākaṉ*** (n.) | 13.1.a | *pākaṉ* (D. 4046). |
| ***pāṇ*** (n.) | 115.2.a | *pāṇ* (*TL*); *pāṇ, pāṇaṉ* (D. 4068). |
| ***piṭa-*** (*piṭṭa-*) | 66.2.a | *See piṭaṉ.* |
| ***piṭaṉ*** (*piṭṭaṉ*) (N.) | 13.2.c, 65.2 | Cf. *piṭṭaṉ* (*Puṟa.* 170: 8). |
| ***piḷa-u*** (n.) | 3.8 | Cf. *piḷavu* 'cleft (as rock)' (D. 4194). |
| ***piṟanta*** (v.) | 49.3 | *piṟa* (D. 4422). |
| ***piṇ-aṇ*** (*piṇṇaṇ*) (N.) | 63.4.a | *piṇṇaṇ* (D. 4205). |
| ***puṇaruttāṉ*** (LT *puṇarttāṉ*) (v.) | 85.2 | *puṇar* (D. 4160b). |
| ***puli*** (n.) | 118.1.b | *puli* (D. 4307). |
| ***puṟai*** | 62.7.d | *See poṟai.* |
| ***pe(m)-*** (< *perum-*) (adj.) | 102.1.a | Cf. *pem-māṉ* (< *perum makaṉ*) (*Tēvā.* I: 1); cf. *perum-* (D. 4411). |
| ***perum-*** (adj.) | 83.1.a | *perum-* (D. 4411). |
| ***peru(m)-*** (adj.) | 61.9.a, 62.9.a, 72.3.a, 88.6.a, 117.3.a | id. |
| ***pēṟu*** (n.) | 101.1.c | *pēṟu* (*TL*). |
| ***pēr-*** (adj.) | 13.2.a, 35.2.a, 56.1.b | *peru-, pēr-* (D. 4411). |
| ***pokal*** (LT *pukal*) (n.) | 105.1.b | *pukal* (D. 4238). |
| ***pokaḷ*** (LT *pukaḷ*) (n.) | 83.1.b | *pukaḷ* (D. 4235). |
| ***pocil*** (n.) | 49.5.c | Cf. *hosilu* (Ka.), 'threshold' (KSP *Kannada Nighaṇṭu*); *pōṣ* (To.) 'entrance'; cf. Ta. *vācal, vāyil* (D. 5354). |
| ***poykai*** (n.) | 101.1.b, 102.2 | *poykai* (D. 4533). |

c29.s4.15

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| ***polāl(a)*** (N. or P.) | 55.3.a | Prob., from a place name or caste name; cf. *polāḷa*, *polāḷuva*, etc., occurring as personal names in Ka. inscriptions. (*Epi. Car.* XIII: Index). |
| ***poṟai*** (N.) | 61.7.d | Cf. *poṟaiyaṉ* 'Cēra king' (*TL*); *poṟaiyaṉ* 'sustainer' < *poṟu* (D. 4565). |
| ***poṉ*** (n.) | 36.2.a, 69.2.a, 113.3.a | *poṉ* (D. 4570). |
| ***makaḷ*** (n.) | 65.3.b, 66.3 | *makaḷ* (D. 4616). |
| ***makaṉ*** (n.) | 20.2, 40.4, 56.5.b, 61.8, 61.10, 62.8, 62.10, 72.2, 84.3, 88.5 | *makaṉ* (D. 4616). |
| ***mattirai*** (*matirai*) | 38.1 | See *matirai*. |
| [***m***]***atira*** (variant of *matirai*) | 27.1 | id. |
| ***matiray*** (variant of *matirai*) | 36.1 | id. |
| ***matirai*** (LT *maturai*) (P.) | 24.2 | *matirai* (inscr., *SII.* I-III: Indexes); *maturai* (*TL*); cf. *matil* (Ta.), *maturu* (Te.) 'wall, fortification' (D. 4692). |
| ***malaṉ*** (*mallaṉ*) (N.) | 42.2.b | *mallaṉ* (D. 4730). |
| ***malai*** (n.) | 85.3.a, 119.1.c | *malai* (D. 4742). |
| ***māca-*** (*mācu* + a) (n., attribute) | 120.1.a | *mācu* (D. 4781); cf. *māci* 'mist, cloud' (*TL*). |
| ***-māṉ*** (*-māṉ*) | 59.2.c | See *-māṉ*. |
| ***māṟa-*** (N.) | 44.1.b | *māṟaṉ* 'Pāṇṭiya king' (*TL*). |
| ***-māṉ*** (< *makaṉ*) (n.) | 73.1.b | Cf. *em-māṉ* 'my son' (D. 4616); *peru-māṉ* 'great person' (*TL*). |
| ***mukai*** (n.) | 112.1.a | Cf. *mukai* 'cave' (*TL*). |
| ***muciṟi*** (P.) | 56.3 | *muciṟi* (*TL*). |
| [***m***]***uṭitta*** (v.) | 115.8 | *muṭi* (D. 4922). |
| ***mutā*** (adj.) | 61.1 | Cf. *mutu-*, *mutiya* (D. 4954). |
| ***muḻa-ukai*** (n.) | 17.3.b | Cf. *muḻai* 'cave' (D. 4994). |
| ***muḻākai*** (n.) | 7.3 | id. |
| ***muṉṟu*** (n.) | 67.2 | Cf. *muṉ*, *muṉṉu*, *mundu* (D. 5020a); (cf. LT *muṉṟil*). |
| ***mūtā*** (adj.) | 62.1 | Cf. *mūtu-*, *mūtta* (D. 4954). |
| ***mē(l)-*** (adj.) | 112.2.a | *mēl* 'west' (D. 5086). |
| ***mōci*** (N.) | 76.5 | *mōci* (*TL*). |
| ***yāṟṟu*** (n., obl.) | 61.3.a, 62.3, 63.1.a | *yāṟu* (obl. *yāṟṟu*) (D. 5159). |

c29.s4.16

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF.NO. | DRAVIDIAN |
| **vaṇṇakkaṉ** (n.) | 85.3.b | *vaṇṇakkaṉ* (TL). |
| **vaḻutti** (*vaḻuti*) (N.) | 1.7.b | *vaḻuti* 'Pāṇṭiya king' (TL); cf. *vāl*, *vaḻuttu* (D. 5372). |
| **vāy** (n.) | 120.2.c | *vāy* (D. 5352). |
| **veṇ-** (adj.) | 14.1.a, 46.1.a | *veḷ-*, *veṇ-* (D. 5496a). |
| **veṇ** (*veṇ*) (N.) | 20.3 | Cf. *veṇ* (D. 5493). |
| **veṇi** (*veṇṇi*) (N.) | 70.2.a | Cf. *veṇri* (Ta.), *venni* (Ma.) (D. 5493). |
| **vepōṉ** (*veppōṉ*) (cf. LT *vaippōṉ*) (v.) | 13.4 | *vai* (D. 5549). |
| **ve(m)-** (adj.) | 119.1.a | *vemmai* (D. 5517). |
| **veḷ-** (adj.) | 3.3.a, 6.1.a | *veḷ-* (D. 5496a). |
| **veḷi** (n.) | 7.1.b | *veḷi* (D. 5498). |
| **veḷiyaṉ** (N.) | 7.2.c | *veḷiyaṉ* (Aka. 152:5). |
| **vēmp(u)** (n.) | 35.1.a | *vēmpu* (D. 5531). |
| **vēḷ** (N.) | 32.1.c | *vēḷ* (D. 5545). |
| **vaika** (*vaikka*) (v.) | 16.2 | *vai* (D. 5549). |

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