Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c12: Chapter VII. Yogas

Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c12

Language: English

c12.s1 Easy Method for Yogas — 27 parts

Chapter VII. Yogas

47. A yoga is the time during which the sun and moon together accomplish 13 degrees 20 minutes of space. There are thus 27 yogas which together make 360°. The names of all the yogas are given in Table III, from which it will be seen that the collective duration of 27 yogas is 25·42022 days.

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48. Unlike tithis and nakshatras, the yogas do not represent the stages of the actual motion of any heavenly body or of a set of heavenly bodies. They are thus the result of a mathematical rather than an astronomical conception. If we draw a line

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b a where a represents the motion of the moon in a given time and b the motion of the sun in the same time, it follows that a - b is the moon's elongation or the space gained by the moon over the sun in the given time. If we regard separately the spaces travelled by the sun and the moon in this time, we might say that together they have done a+b. This a+b, then, is the yoga, while a-b is the tithi. To derive the yoga from the tithi, we make use of the formula a-b+2b= Yoga. just as we derived the nakshatra from the tithi by means of the formula a-b+b. (Sec. 36 supra.)

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49. Supposing we want to determine the yoga current at the ending moment of the tithi for 27th February 1910, we proceed as follows. We have found supra (Sec. 33) that the 18th tithi ended at 2479 day on 27th February, 1910, and that the corresponding solar day was 320.30 days, while the corresponding moon's anomaly was 12.324 days.

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In accordance with the formula a-b+2b, we add twice the sun's longitude to the tithi.

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The sun's longitude for 320.30 days is calculated as follows:—

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| For 320 days (last column of Table VIII) | ... | 25.6960 |
| For .30 day (Table V, sun's longitude) | ... | .0242 |
| | | 25.7202 |
| Multiply this by 2 | ... | 51.4404 |
| Deduct completed lunation | ... | 29.5306 |
| | | 21.9098 |
| Add equivalent of 18 tithis (Table II) | ... | 17.7183 |
| | | 39.6281 |
| Deduct completed lunation | ... | 29.5306 |
| | | 10.0975 |
| The yoga corresponding to this lunation space is the 10th, i.e., *Ganda*, | | |
| (Table III) whose space ends at | ... | 10.9372 |

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This, therefore, was the yoga current at the ending moment of our tithi.

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N.B.—Or as in Sec. 37, the sun's longitude may be calculated directly from table XVII A and C thus:—

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| Sun's longitude for 320 days | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 313.2534° |
| Do. .30 day | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | .2957 |
| | | | | | | 313.5491° |
| Twice ☉'s longitude | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | = 627.0982° |
| Add tithi × 12 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | = 216° |
| | | | | | | 843.0982 |
| Deduct completed circles | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 720° |
| ☽'s Yoga longitude | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 123.0982 |

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From the Eye-table we see that the current Yoga was *Ganda*.

Easy Method for Yogas

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51. A very simple method of determining the ending moment of any Yoga is indicated in Table XI which is to be used in precisely the same manner for Yogas as for Nakshatras. We proceed to show how Table XI should be used for Yogas for any year, any lunar month, and any yoga. We take the solar year, A.D. 1910-11, the Lunar month Kārttika, and Yoga "Ayushmat".

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For the year 1910-11 A.D., the correction corresponding to 25.9134 (first new moon in solar year) according to the Yoga correction table, is determined as follows:—

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| Correction corresponding to 25 | = | 3.4797 | | |
| " 91 | = | .1267 | | |
| " .0034 | = | .0005 | | |
| | | | | 3.6069 |

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In Lunar Kārttika, A.D. 1910, there are two yoga "intervals" for No. 3 "Ayushmat", from each of which 3·6537 can be deducted. Let us calculate the mean and absolute ending moments of each of these "Ayushmats".

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| | | | ☉'s Anom. |
| | | Days. | Days. |
| First New Moon in solar year | ... | 25·9134 | 0·535 |
| Add for Kārttika New Moon (Table X) | ... | 177·1835 | 11·856 |
| | | 203·0969 | 12·391 |
| First No. 3. Yoga Interval | ... | 3·8846 | |
| Correction | ... | -3·6069 | |
| Net Interval | ... | + 2777 | + 2777 | + ·278 |
| | | 203·3746 | 12·669 |
| Commencement of solar year | ... | Ap. 13·2080 | or 12., 40gh., 10 p. |
| | | | ☉'s Eqn. + 7gh. 55p. |
| | | Ap. 216·5826 | 12d., 48gh. 5p. |
| | | or 216d. 34gh. 57p. | |

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(1) ☉'s Yoga Equation for Anom. of 203·3746 days, *i.e.*, 203d., 22gh. is, by Table IX-*i*, + 7gh., 55p.
(2) ☽'s Yoga Equation for Anom. of 12d., 48gh. 5p. is, by Table IX-*i*, - 5gh. 10p.
(3) Sum of ☉'s + ☽'s Equations = 2gh. 45p.

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+ 2gh. 45p.

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216d., 37gh. 42p. from 1 April, *i.e.* (by Tables VIII and XIX) 37 ghaṭikas 42 palas after mean sunrise on 2 November, A.D. 1910 (Lanka time).

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This is the absolute ending moment (according to Sūrya Siddhānta) of the first Ayushmat Yoga in the lunar month of Kārttika, Kaliyuga 5011 (expired).

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52. For the second "Ayushmat" yoga of the same lunar month, we proceed as follows:—

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| | | | ☽'s Anom. |
| | | Days | Days. |
| Kārttika New Moon | ... | 203·0969 | 12·381 |
| Net "interval" for No. 3 yoga :— | | | |
| From 29·3048 | | | |
| Deduct yoga correction | | | |
| for the year | -3·6069 | | |
| | 25·6979 | 25·6979 | 25·698 |
| | | 228·7948 | 38·079 |
| | | or 228 d., 47gh. 41p. | 27·555 |
| Commencement of solar year April 13·2080 or 13d., 12gh. 29p. | | 10·524 or |
| | | 242d., 0gh. 10p. | 10d., 31gh. 30p. |
| (1) ☉'s Yoga Eqn. (Table IX-*i*) for 228d., 48gh. is + 5gh. 12p. | | | Add. |
| | | | ☉'s Eqn. + 5gh. 12p. |
| | | | 10d., 36gh. 42p. |

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(2) By Table IX-i, ☉'s Yoga Eqn., for 242d., 0gh., 10p. 10d., 36gh., 42p. is—15gh., 8p.
(3) Sum of ☉'s and ☽'s Yoga Equations = — 9gh. 56p. —9gh., 56p. 241d., 50gh. 14p. from 1 April, i.e., (by Tables VIII and XIX) 50 ghaṭikas 14 palas after mean sunrise on 27 November, A.D. 1910.

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53. For the years A.D. 1840 to A.D. 1919 yogas may be calculated very readily by means of Tables IX-i, XI-A, and XII. Thus, for "Vyatîpâta" yoga in April, A.D. 1910:—

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| | ☉'s An. | ☽'s An. |
| | d. gh. p. | d. gh. p. | d. gh. p. |
| Table XII, Chaitra new moon, A.D. 1910, April | 9 35 27 | 361 38 30 | 26 6 48 |
| | d. gh. p. | | |
| (Table XI-A, col. XIII, (Chaitra follg. Adhika masa) | | | |
| Interval for No. 17 "Vyatîpâta" yoga | 17 49 25 | | |
| Deduct Yoga correction for the year (Table XII) | 1 0 45 | | |
| | 16 48 40 + 16 48 40 | 16 48 40 | 16 48 40 |
| | —————— | —————— | —————— |
| Tab. IX-i ☉'s Yoga eqn. for 13d. 11g.—8gh. 25p. | 26 24 7 | 378 27 10 | 42 55 28 |
| " ☽'s Eqn. for 15d. 13gh. 43p. +7gh. 40p. | | * 365 15 30 | † 27 38 20 |
| Sum of ☉'s and ☽'s Eqns. | —0gh. 45p. | — 0 45 | 13 11 40 | 15 22 8 |
| | | | — 8 25 |
| | April 26 23 22 | | (☉'s Eqn.) |
| | | | 15 13 43 |

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† The deduction of the period of an entire anomalistic lunar month is made here.

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That is, "Vyatîpâta" yoga in April 1910 ended at 23 ghaṭikas, 22 palas after mean sunrise on 26 April.

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54. Yogas in their astronomical sense are not very much in use at present, but certain astrological yogas (Amritayoga; Siddhayoga, Maranayoga) are much more in use, being based on combinations of Nakshatras with certain week-days.

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Apart from inscriptions in the Vikrama Era, where yogas are freely cited, one hears of the yoga proper in such auspicious combinations as the following:—

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Kapilâ Shashthî, i.e., the combination of Bhâdrapada Krishna Shashthî (in a year in which either Bhâdrapada or some previous lunar month is adhika) with Nakshatra Rohinî and Yoga Vyatîpâta on a Tuesday. The combination is proverbially rare and supposed to be very difficult to foresee, but it can be easily predicted by means of the present method. Look in Table X for Bhâdrapada mean new moon (in a year having this or some previous month as adhika) falling on a Wednesday, mean ending moment being less than 50, and calculate Rohiṇī Nakshatra and Vyatīpāta Yoga for that month. Of course the tithi, the nakshatra, or the yoga may fall on Monday or Wednesday, and then there will be no Kapilāshashṭi.

Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c12: Chapter VII. Yogas

Contents

Chapter VII. Yogas

Easy Method for Yogas