Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c28.s2: Nakshatras Concurrent with Tithis

Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c28.s2

Language: English

Nakshatras Concurrent with Tithis

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182. A tithi is often cited along with a Nakshatra ending on the same day. In such cases the ending moment of the Nakshatra can be most easily determined by Table XI. (For merely finding the concurrent Nakshatra, we may proceed much more expeditiously as in Section 185 or Section 186.)

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Thus in the case dealt with in sections 177 to 179, the Nakshatra correction for Śaka 999 (A.D. 1077) was (Tab. XI) that corresponding to argument 3·279, i.e., ·2394 + ·0059 = ·2453. Deducting this from the interval for Revatî in the 12th lunar month (the year 999 Śaka contained an adhika month, and therefore Phâlguna was the 12th month), we have, as net interval for Revatî, 3·1860 minus ·2453 = 2·9407. Add this to New moon, Feb. 14·78 we have Feb. 17·72. ☾'s Anom. 2·67 + 21·74 + 2·94 = 27·35. Eqn. for Nak. (Tab. IX-k) = + ·016. Absolute ending moment of Nakshatra, Feb. 17·72 + ·016 or Feb. 17·74, i.e., 44 ghaṭikas after sunrise on 17 Feb. A.D. 1078. This agrees with Mr. Dikshit's calculation, cited by Dr. Fleet at p. 162 of Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII.

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183. In South Indian inscriptions a solar date, a lunar tithi and the corresponding nakshatra are often cited together.

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The following example shows how the citation should be verified.

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Ep. Indica, Suppl. to Vol. VII, p. 132. "Śaka 1106: on the day of Satabhishaj, which was the 14th tithi of the first fortnight and a Wednesday, the 26th solar day of the month of Simha".

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Now by Table X, Śaka 1106 commenced on March 24·3508, A.D. 1184.

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By Eye-Table, Simha begins and Karkata ends 125·4755 days after commencement of solar year.

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∴ Simha Saṅkrānti of Śaka 1106 was on 149·8263 days of the solar year.

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That is, by the rule in Southern India already adverted to, the 1st day of Simha was the 150th day reckoned from 1st March 1184.

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∴ the 26th day of Simha would be 150 + 25 or the 175th day from 1st March which by Table VIII, was 22 August.

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In order that the 26th day might be the 14th tithi of the first fortnight, the new moon must have occurred 13 days before, i.e., about 9 August.

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In Table X we find Bhādrapada new moon on Aug. 8·56 of A.D. 1184 (Wednesday). By Eye-Table, 14 tithis = 13·78 days.

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∴ the mean 14th tithi ended on August 22·34, A.D. 1184.

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The day of the week was Wednesday: since the new moon was on Wednesday, the addition of 14 days or 2 whole weeks to the day of the week would still give us the same day, Wednesday.

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184. If we want the actual ending moment of the 14th tithi, we proceed as follows :—

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| | | ☽'s Anom. |
| First new moon in solar year, A.D. 1184 | 19·0909 | 1·191 days. |
| By Table VIII, 14th tithi of Śukla Bhādrapada | 131·9033 | 21·685 |
| | 150·9942 | 22·876 |
| By Tab. IX, ☉'s Eqn. for 150·99 days = —·1672 | | —·1672 |
| " " ☽'s Eqn. for 22·709 days = +·3550 | | 22·709 |
| Sum = +·1878 | +·1878 | |
| | 151·1820 | |
| Add commencement of solar year, Mr. 24·3508 | | |
| | 175·5328 | days from 1st Mr. A.D. 1184. |

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By Table XIX ·5328 day = 31 ghaṭikas 58 palas.

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The actual ending moment of Bhādrapada śukla 14, Śaka 1106, was 31 ghat. 58 palas after mean sunrise on Wednesday, 22 Aug., A.D. 1184.

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185. For the Nakshatra corresponding to this tithi we proceed as follows :—

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By Table III, the lunation space last arrived at, 25·8275 corresponds to No. 24 Śatabhishaj whose ending space is 26·2494

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Our inscription is therefore correct in all respects.

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186. An equally simple method of ascertaining the Nakshatra concurrent with the above tithi is the following, where, however, we use degrees of sun's and moon's longitude. Ending moment of tithi in days of solar year was 150·99 + ·19 (Sum of eqns.) = 151·18 days. By Tab. XVII-A & XVII-C, ☉'s Long. and Eqn. for 151·18 days = 146·69° - 2·04° + ·18 = 144·83° Add Moon's Elongation, *i.e.*, No. of tithi × 12° = 14 × 12° = 168·00° 312·83° By Eye-Table the longitude is that of Nakshatra *Satabhishaj*.