Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c36.s2: Kshaya Months

Indian Chronology (Solar, Lunar and Planetary): A Practical Guide to the Interpretation and Verification of Tithis, Nakshatras, Horoscopes and other Indian Time-records, B.C. 1 to A.D. 2000 c36.s2

Language: English

Kshaya Months

| | Days. | ☉'s and ☽'s Eqns. | ☽'s Anom. |
| First New moon in Solar Year | 10·1256 | —·129 | 14·587 |
| Add for 8th New moon in Solar Year | 206·7141 | —·064 | 13·832 |
| (1) 8th or Vrischika Sankrânti | 216·8289 | 216·8397 —·193 = 216·6467 | 28·419 |
| | | | 27·555 |
| | | | 0·864 |
| | | | —·129 (☉'s eqn.) |
| | | | 0·735 |
| | | | 0·864 |
| Add for 10th New moon | 59·0612 | + ·039 —·355 | 3·952 |
| (2) 10th or Makara Sankrânti | 275·637 | 275·9009 —·316 = 275·5849 | 4·816 |
| | | | + ·039 (☉'s eqn.) |
| | | | 4·855 |
| | | | 4·816 |
| Add for 11th New moon | 29·5306 | + ·120 —·412 | 1·976 |
| (3) 11th or Kumbha Sankrânti | 305·085 | 305·4315 —·292 = 305·1395 | 6·792 |
| | | | + ·120 (☉'s eqn.) |
| | | | 6·908 |

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273. From (1) it follows that the 8th new moon was Kârttika and it is apparent from the time of occurrence of that new moon (1 ghaṭika before the end of the solar month) that the 7th new moon also must have been a Kârttika.

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From (2) it follows that the 10th new moon was Pausha. [Foot-note to p. (9) of Text.] From (3) it follows that the 11th new moon was Phâlguna. [ Do. do. ]

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∴ The new moon between Pausha and Phâlguna, viz., Mâgha, was kshaya in this year.

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It is also evident from the time of occurrence of this Phâlguna that the 12th new moon also must have been a Phâlguna.

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Against this year Messrs. Sewell and Dikshit have noted only "Adhika Phâlguna", whereas Chhatre mentions also a kshaya month, Pausha. We have just seen that the kshaya month was really Mâgha, which is accordingly noted in our Table X.

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Nor would the case have been different under the Ârya Siddhânta, since, as we remarked in the foot-note to Sec. 161 supra, the new moons under the Ârya Siddhânta at this epoch occurred only ·0231 of a day before the Sûrya Siddhânta new moons, and this would have made no difference as regards adhika and kshaya months in the present case.

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274. Only an *Adhika* Chaitra without a *kshaya* month is noted in this year by Messrs. Sewell and Dikshit, whereas Prof. Chhatre notes *Adhika* Kârttika and *Adhika* Chaitra besides Mârgasira *kshaya*. Let us work for the different new moons:—

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| | Days. | ☉'s and ☽'s Eqns. | ☽'s Anom. |
| First New moon in Solar Year A.D. 751: | 10·3034 | −172 | 26·321 |
| Add for 7th New moon | 177·1835 | −304 | 11·856 |
| (1) Beginning of 7th Solar month 186·9355 : | 187·4869 | −476 = 187·011 | 38·177 − 172 (☉'s Eqn.) − 27·55 = 10·450 |
| | | | 27·555 |
| | | −128 | 10·622 |
| Add for 8th New moon | 29·5306 | −133 | 1·976 |
| (2) Beginning of 8th Solar month 216·828 : | 217·0175 | −261 = 216·756 | 12·598 − 128 (☉'s Eqn) = 12·470 |
| | | −052 | |
| Add for 9th New moon | 29·5306 | +077 | 1·976 |
| (3) Beginning of 9th Solar month 246·3192 : | 246·5481 | +025 = 246·573 | 14·574 − 052 (☉'s Eqn.) = 14·522 |
| | | +040 | |
| Add for 10th New moon | 29·5306 | +335 | 1·976 |
| (4) Beginning of 10th Solar month 275·6369 : | 276·0787 | +375 = 276·454 | 16·550 + 040 (☉'s Eqn.) = 16·590 |
| | | +120 | |
| Add for 11th New moon | 29·5306 | +385 | 1·976 |
| | | 305·6093 | +505 | 18·526 |
| (5) Beginning of 11th Solar month 305·0850 : | 305·6093 | +505 = 306·114 | 18·526 + 120 (☉'s Eqn.) = 18·664 |
| | | +169 | |
| Add for 12th New moon | 29·5306 | +412 | 1·976 |
| (6) Beginning of 12th Solar month 334·9053 : | 335·1399 | +581 = 335·721 | 20·502 + 169 (☉'s Eqn.) = 20·671 |
| | | +176 | |
| Add for 13th New moon | 29·5306 | +357 | 1·976 |
| (7) End of 12th Solar month 365·25875 : | 364·6705 | +533 = 365·203 | 22·478 + 176 (☉'s Eqn.) = 22·654 |

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*N.B.*—The above is a convenient and concise method of working for *Adhika* and *Kshaya* months.

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From (1) and (2) it follows [applying the rule in foot-note to p. (9) of the Text], that the 7th and 8th new moons were both Kârttika, the first of them being *Adhika*.

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From (3) it follows that the 9th new moon was *Pausha*.

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∴ The new moon between Kârttika and *Pausha*, viz., *Mârgasira* was *kshaya* and it is accordingly noted as such in our Table X.

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From (4) it follows that the 10th new moon was *Mâgha*.

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From (5) it follows that the 11th new moon was *Phālguna*.

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From (6) and (7) it follows that the 12th and 13th new moons were both *Chaitra* the first of them being *adhika*.

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It would appear that by oversight Messrs. Sewell and Dikshit failed to take account of these facts, notwithstanding that Prof. Chhatre had mentioned them.

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A.D. 1963.

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275. Messrs. Sewell and Dikshit, after noting that the last *Kshaya* month before our time was in A.D. 1822, go on to remark: "We are led to suppose that there will be no suppressed month till at earliest A.D. 1944, and possibly not till A.D. 1963".

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There is no reason why the matter should be treated as one for conjecture, since anybody familiar with the present method can calculate that the next *Kshaya* month will be in A.D. 1963, as we have indeed noted in Table X. There will be another in A.D. 1982, as noted in the same Table.