Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages c17.35

Language: English

c17.35.1

Sabaean, 23–24 sacrifice. *See* Vedic sacrifices *Saduktikarṇāmṛta*, 193n.154, 234, 236 *Sahagamana*. *See satī*-stones Śāhīs, 153 Sáh Kings. *See* Western Kṣatrapas Śailodbhavas, 149 Śaiva inscriptions, 90–91, 156, 157 Śaivism, 238, 239, 240 Śaka era, 90n.50, 182–84, 188 Cambodian inscriptions, 61, 156 date formulation, 183, 196n.168 place-value dates, 61, 174 used together with other eras, 173, 175, 180–81, 182, 189, 191, 192, 195, 198 Vietnamese inscriptions, 157 Śaka Kṣatrapas, 86, 87 Śakas, 182, 184 *śākhā*, 239 Śāktism, 241 Śālaṅkāyanas, 91, 114, 146 Saletore, B. A., 244 Sālihuṇḍam excavations, 145, 224 inscribed conch shells, 132 Śālivāhana, 183n.79 Samāpā, 137 *Samavāyāṅga-sutta*, 9 Saṃgrāma (Khmer general), 157 Saṃkarṣaṇa (deity), 87, 240 *saṃkramaṇa* (*saṃkrānti*), 116, 175, 177 Samudragupta, 186 Allahabad inscription, 66, 111, 145, 229, 233 early translations of inscriptions, 204, 205 Sanskrit inscriptions, 92 spurious copper plates of, 118, 166, 167, 168 *saṃvatsara*, 186 *saṃvid* (decree), 251 *sana* (year), 195 Sāñcī, 77, 82, 118, 128, 141, 144 donative inscriptions, early readings, 207–8, 209 Sander, Lore, 259 sandhi rules, 84, 96, 97 Sankalia, H.

c17.35.2

D., 250 Śaṅkara-Nārāyaṇa (deity), 157 *śaṅkha* (conch shell), 60, 70 Śaṅkhalipi (shell characters), 70, 71 Sannati excavations, 137, 145, 224 Sanscrit College, 205 Sanskrit, 10, 13, 86–98 bilingual inscriptions, 91, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 148, 149, 150, 154, 156, 157, 159, 191, 213 Brāhmī adapted for, 30, 143–44 “Buddhist Hybrid,” 81, 83, 85–86, 94 classical, 95–96, 98, 147 copper plate charters, 114, 115, 144 Deccan inscriptions, 148 Dravidian languages supplanting, 148 earliest long inscription, 144 early inscriptions, 86–88, 90–92, 141 early readings of inscriptions, 199–203 editing of inscriptional texts, 162–64 emergence in inscriptions, 72 as epigraphic language, 86–98 first major literary inscription, 86 functional varieties, 95, 96–98 grammatical inscriptions, 125–26 Gupta period inscriptions, 145, 146 hybrid, 37, 81–86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 143, 249 influence on inscriptional Prakrits, 72, 81, 82, 84 informal varieties, 250 inscriptions from outside India, 92, 151–60, 183 in Kharoṣṭhī script, 47n.38, 56 late inscriptions, 149–50, 195 lexicographical data, 249 linguistic characteristics, 94–98 literary, 4, 89–90, 94, 98, 157, 249 literature, 233–38 memorial inscriptions, 119–20 mixed.

c17.35.3

*See subhead* hybrid (*above*) oral tradition of, 8 poetic-style inscriptions, 89, 171 post-Gupta inscriptions, 147–50 private donative inscriptions, 118 semiliterate, 95 status value, 86 toponyms, 250 trilingual inscriptions, 109 vocabulary, 97–98 Śāntivarman (Kadamba king), 111, 146 Saptarṣi era, 190, 196–97 Śarabhapurīyas, 146 Śāradā script, 103 in Afghanistan, 153 biscript inscription, 71 development of, 40 Sarasvatī, 8 Sārnāth, 81, 82, 144 excavations at, 222 *Śārṅgadhara-paddhati*, 234 *sarpabandha*, 125–26, 127 Sarvāstivādin era (alleged), 181 Sarvāstivādins, 143 *śāsana*, 165 Śāstrī, Bhavadatta, 255 Sastri, H.

c17.35.4

Krishna, 223 Sātavāhanas, 90, 114, 120, 144, 145, 171, 174, 183n.79, 239 Sathyanarayana, R., 248 *satī*-stones, 68, 103, 120, 128 *Sattasaï* (Hāla), 235 Śaurasenī, 76, 80 Saurashtra, 183, 207 Schneider, Ulrich, 133 Schopen, Gregory, 224, 241, 242 *Schrift im alten Indien* (Falk), 258 scribal errors, 83, 87, 163 scribes, 65, 66, 85, 117, 136n.67 sculpture, 84, 120, 121, 128, 143, 145, 160, 235 epigraphy as aid in study of, 244–47 Scythians, 45, 46, 47, 82, 86, 89, 93, 181 Scytho-Parthians, 143 seals and sealings, 123–24, 250 biscripts, 70–71 on copper plate charters, 124n.36, 125, 129 Gupta, 145 legends, 124 materials, 130, 131, 132 season dating, 174, 175, 176 *Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, I and II* (Sircar), 147, 223, 255 *Select Inscriptions of Bihar* (Choudhary), 104 *Selections from Sanskrit Inscriptions* (Diskalkar), 255 Seleukid era, 181 Semitic languages and scripts, 16, 19, 21, 23–28, 107–8, 210 as Brāhmī prototype, 23–28, 29–30, 34, 35, 54, 59 early Indic script comparison, 25t inscriptions from India, 107–8 Kharoṣṭhī connections, 52–54, 211 Sen, Sukumar, 73n.2 Senart, Émile, 77, 89, 133, 159, 219, 221, 222 Senas, 149, 193 Sengupta, Gautam, 245n.54 Set-Mahet, 144 Settar, S., 243 Seven Sages (constellation), 196 Sewell, R., 176, 180, 260 Shah, Umakant P., 195 Shāh kings (Nepal), 104 Shams-i Sirāj ‘Afīf, 199 Shan-shan (Kroraina) kingdom, 45, 79, 160 Sharma, G. R., 141 Sharma, Mukunda Madhava, 224 Sharma, R.

c17.35.5

K., 120 Sharma, Tej Ram, 251 Shastree, Ball Gungadhur, 216 Shatial region, 107 shell (as inscriptional material), 132 shell characters (Śaṅkhalipi), 70, 71, 122 Siddha-hema-kumāra era, 195 Siddham. *See* Siddhamātṛkā script *siddham* (auspicious word), 67, 115 Siddhamātṛkā script, 19, 39–40, 41, 156 biscript, 71 calligraphic embellishment, 69 decipherment, 201 *dhāraṇī* inscriptions, 160 Siddharāja Jayasiṃha (Gujarat Cālukya king), 193, 195