The Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (collected till 1923) and Outlines of Political History c9.s2.t56: Pāṇḍya Kings
The Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (collected till 1923) and Outlines of Political History c9.s2.t56
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Pāṇḍya Kings
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The origin of the Pāṇḍya kingdom is lost in the mists of time. The kingdom was known to the Greek geographers, and is mentioned in the Edicts of Aśoka (c. 250 B.C.). The earliest names known, viz. the first few in the list next following, are derived from the Silappadhikāram, or ‘Epic of the Auklet,’ and other ancient writings (compare Dr. Barnett’s Antiquities of India, p. 43). Early dates are tentative. We are on safe ground with the accession of Varaguṇa II in A.D. 862, but as to earlier kings can only say that I have done the best I could with a difficult subject. The dates should be compared with those of the early Chēra and Chōla sovereigns.
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1. Neḍuñjeḷiyan Pāṇḍya I ‘Neḍuñjaḍaiyan’, ‘Ugra-Paṇḍya’, ‘Ugra-Peruvaluḍi’,¹ c. A.D. 150. Contemp. of Chēra king Adan II. Defeated an ‘Aryan’ army in the Dekhan.
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¹ Perhaps the same as the ‘Palyāgaśālai’ or Palśālai-Muḍukuḍmi-Peruvaluḍi’ mentioned as having reigned a long time before Kaḍungōn (T.A.S. iii 101).
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2. Veṛṛi-vēr-Śeliyan c. A.D. 190. ‘Iḷañjeḷiyan’, as a prince he was viceroy of Korkhai.
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3. Neḍuñjeḷiyan II c. A.D. 200 Contemp. of Chōla king, Neḍumuḍi-Kiḷḷi. Battle of Talai-Ālaṅgānam. Made prisoner the Chēra king Śey. (Relationship unknown).
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4. Ugra-Peruvaluḍi (Do.)
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5. Nan-Māran (Do.)
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6. Kaḍungōn² c. A.D. 575
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² The dates here given of kings from Kaḍungōn to Varaguṇa II are adapted from Professor Jouveau-Dubrell’s reckoning (see also E.R. 1907, p. 62, and 1908, p. 62; T.A.S. i. 154; I.A. 1908, 193; 1922, 211; E.I. viii. 318).
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7. Māravarman ‘Avaniśūḷāmaṇi’, c. 600.
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8. Jayantavarman ‘Śeliyan-Śendān’, c. 625.
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9. Māravarman Arikēśari ‘Asamasaman’, ‘Neḍumārān’, ‘Parānkuśan’, ‘Akāḷakālan’, ‘Alaṅghya-Vikrama’, c. 650. Victories at Pāḷi and Śennilam and at Nelvēli. Capture of Chōla city, Uraiyūr.
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10. Kō-chchaḍaiyan ‘Saḍaiyan’, ‘Raṇadhīra’, ‘Neḍunjaḍaiyan’. c. 675. Won battle at Marudūr. Defeated Āy-vēḷ chiefs, and Raṭṭas.
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11. Arikēśari-Parāntaka ‘Rājasimha I’, ‘Māravarman’, ‘Mārañjaḍaiyan’, ‘Tēr-Maran’, ‘Neḍumārān’, ‘Parānkuśan’, c. 700 or later. Battles of Śankaramangai, Kuḷumbūr Neḍuvayal, Maṇṇaikuḍi or Kurieni. Md. Sundari.
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12. Jaṭila Parāntaka ‘Śrīvara’, ‘Neḍunjaḍaiyan’, ‘Tenṇau-Vānavan’. Donor of the Vēḷvikudi grant in 769-70. Defeated Pallavas at Peṇṇāgaḍam, and won other victories.
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13. Rājasimha II
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14. Varaguṇa I ‘Jayantavarma’ c. 825.
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PĀṆḌYA KINGS-contd.
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15. *Śrīmāra* ‘Ekavīra’, ‘Śrīvallabha’, ‘Parachakra-Kolāhala’, ‘Pallava-bhañjana’, ‘Avanipa-Śekhara.’ *c.* 830. Won many victories.
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16. *Varaguṇa II* ‘Mārañjadaiyan’, came to throne A.D. 862. Victories at Iḍavai and Vēmbil against Chōḷas and Gaṅgas. Penetrated to Araiśūr. Was defeated at Tiruppurambiyam, or Śrīpurambiyam, by the Gaṅgas, whose king Pṛthivīpati I was killed, 877-8(?).
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17. *Parāntaka Vīra-Nārāyaṇa* ‘Saḍaiyan’, ‘Jaṭila-Neḍuñjaḍaiyan’. Destroyed Peṇṇāgadam. *Md.* a Bāṇa Princess.
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18. *Rājasimha III* ‘Mandara-Gaurava’, ‘Māravarman’. ‘Abhimānamēru’, ‘Rājaśikhāmaṇi’, completely defeated by Parāntaka Chōḷa I between 907 and 916.
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The list of Pāṇḍya princes which follows is gathered from inscriptions. Relationships are generally not traceable. Probably these princes ruled States separated from one another but formerly belonging to the old joint kingdom, which was occasionally re-formed as a whole and then again became disjointed (see Kielhorn’s *Lists E. I. vii. 10; viii. 8, App. ii, p. 24; ix, 226*).
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The titles ‘Ponnin-Perumāḷ’, ‘Korkai-vēndan’ are common to all the members of the Pāṇḍya family.
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A.D. 965. Vīra Pāṇḍya, who took the head of the Chōḷa, fought against the Chōḷa Āditya II, and was called ‘Chōḷāntaka.’ (*Suchindram Rock-Inscription, T. A. S. iii, Pt. I, 67*). About the same period several records of a ‘Saḍaiya-Māran.’
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Period 985-1012. Amarabhujanga-Pāṇḍya a contemporary of Rājarāja Chōḷa I.
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Period 1012-1042. Chōḷa princes were made Viceroys of their king in the Pāṇḍya country, under the title, ‘Chōḷa-Pāṇḍya,’ (*see e. g. V. R. ii, Madura, 10, 11; 64, 65 of 1905 and others*).
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Prior to 1046. Mānābharaṇan alias Vīra Pāṇḍya. Decapitated by Rājadhirāja Chōḷa I.
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1041. Vikrama Pāṇḍya usurped the throne of Ceylon. He was killed in battle in 1042 when Rājadhirāja Chōḷa I raided the island.
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1046-1048. Parākrama Pāṇḍya usurped the throne of Ceylon and reigned two years (*Mahāvaṃśa, ch. lvi*).
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*c.* 1060. ‘Vīra Pāṇḍya, son of Vikrama’, mentioned in an inscription at Chidambaram. He was defeated by the Chāḷukya Chōḷa king Rājendra II—Kuḷottunga-Chōḷa I, and the government of Madura was made over to the Chōḷa prince Gaṅgaikoṇḍa Chōḷa, renamed ‘Sundara-Chōḷa-Pāṇḍya’.
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1065-67. Vīrakēśarin, son of Śrīvallabha Pāṇḍya, was killed by being trampled to death by an elephant by order of Vīra-Rājendra Chōḷa.
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1080-1084. Sundara Pāṇḍya, a contemporary of Jaṭāvarman Śrīvallabha who fought against Kuḷōttunga-Chōḷa I.
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*c.* 1090-1133. Parāntaka Pāṇḍya supported Kuḷōttunga-Chōḷa I and Vikrama in some of their wars. He claims to have taken Viḷiñam, to have destroyed ships at Kāṇḍalūr, to have subjugated southern Kalinga, and to have captured Kuḷam (the Colair Lake near Ellore) from ‘Telugu-Viman,’ i.e., the Telugu chief Bhīma (*T. A. S i. 19. See Text s. v. A. D. 1090, etc*).
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1132. Māravarman-Śrīvallabha-Pāṇḍya I. Accession in year following February 1, 1132. Inscription of hi 37th year (*426 of 1916*) i.e., 1168-9 at Ambāsamudram, Tinnevelly District.
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1160-1. (Another) Māravarman-Śrīvallabha-Pāṇḍya II. Accession in this year. He had a son Kuḷaśēkhara, one of his feudatories was the Kēraḷa ruler Vīra-Ravivarma (*101 of 1908*).
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1167-1171. Kuḷaśēkhara-Pāṇḍya, probably the prince just mentioned, murdered Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, who ruled at Madura, and seized the throne. There followed the War of Pāṇḍya succession, and the invasion of the Pāṇḍya country by the Singhalese under general Laṅkāpura (*see Text s. v., A. D. 1067*). (*Prof. Krishnaswami Aiyangar believes that the war began in 1171-2*). Parākrama’s son Vīra-Pāṇḍya was placed on the throne by Laṅkāpura, and Kuḷaśēkhara fled and shortly afterwards died. He was succeeded by Vikrama-Pāṇḍya, who was supported by the Chōḷa king (*1 of 1899; E.R. 1899, § 38*).
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1190. Between May 30 and July 8, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Kulaśēkhara I, alias ‘Rājagambhīra’. He lived till at least 1217 (E.I. viii., App. ii, 24; ix, 226; 337 of 1916; V. R. ii. Ramnad, 170; E.I. viii, 274; E. R. 1900, p. 6).
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1216. Between June 25 and September 3 accession of Māravarman Sundara-Pāṇḍya I, ‘Kōnērinmaikoṇḍān’. He reigned till at least 1235. ‘Performed the anointment of heroes at Muḍikoṇḍa-Śōlapuram’ (E.I. vi, 301, etc.). A record of A.D. 1222-3 says that he burnt Tanjore and Uraiyūr (E.I. viii, App. ii, 24).
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1238. Between July 13 and August 12, accession of Māravarman Sundara Pāṇḍya II (E.I. viii. App. ii, 24). His 13th year fell in 1250 (572 of 1916). His last known date is in 1251 (E.I. vi. 301) on January 18. He claims to have taken Śrīrangam from Hoysala Sōmēśvara. This perhaps refers to the latter’s occupation of Kaṇṇanūr, near Śrīrangam.
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1249. According to Mr. L.D. Swamikannu Pillai a Pāṇḍya king reigned at this time whose name was Māravarman-Vikrama-Pāṇḍya, bearing the title ‘Bhuvanēka-Vīra’.
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1251. Between April 20 and 28, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Sundara-Pāṇḍya I, with title ‘Kōdaṇḍa-Rāman’. He lived till his 23rd year in 1273 (V. R. i. S. Arcot 556-558; 198 of 1906; E.I. iii, 7; viii, App. ii, 25). Before 1255 he had conquered Malabar, marched through Puḍukōṭṭai, defeated the Hoysala general and taken possession of Kaṇṇanūr (E.R. 1900, p. 6). He attached the powerful chief Peruñjinga at Sēndamaṅgalam, took that place and restored it. He was anointed at Chidambaram; and is said to have covered the temple at Śrīrangam with gold after his solemn coronation there (E.I. xi, 266; vi, 221; V.R. i, Chingleput, 133, 167, 168; S. Arcot, 798.). He defeated the Bāṇa chief of N. Arcot, and drove back the forces of the Kākatīya king towards the north. He was crowned a second time at Nellore.
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1253. Between April 30 and July 13, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Vīra-Pāṇḍya, who ruled till at least 1269 (67, 73 of 1911; 34 of 1920; E.I. vii, 10; viii, App. ii, 25; E.I. xi 226; x, 139).
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1262. In the year following July 30. Accession of Māravarman-Vīra-Pāṇḍya (V. R. i., S Arcot, 178; 386 of 1913.).
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1268. Between June 10 and 20, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Kulaśēkhara I. (E.I. viii App. ii, 25), who ruled till at least March 1308 (see text s.v. A.D. 1308). He partitioned his country into separate governorships, which eventually led to each governor trying to become independent. (For events of the reign see text s.v. 1310, etc.) According to Wassaf, Kulaśēkhara was assassinated in 1309-10 (416, 417, 460 of 1916).
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1270. Between January 15 and March 1, accession of Māra-varman Sundara Pāṇḍya, according to Mr. Swamikannu Pillai’s dates (342-344 of 1911; E.R. 1922, p. 92).
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1276. Between August 10 and 25, 1276—or, according to Mr. L.D. Swamikannu Pillai, between February 28 and March 14, 1277 (E.R. 1916, p. 97.)—accession of Jaṭāvarman-Sundara Pāṇḍya II, ‘Kodaṇḍa Rāma’ (E.I. viii. App. ii, 25; E.I. xi, 259; V.R. i., Chingleput, 979; 110 of 1912; 305 of 1921; 418 of 1909; 432 of 1913; 529, 570 of 1920). He took away the Tooth-relic from Ceylon and gave it to Kulaśēkhara I in Madura (Mahāwaṃśa, ch. xc.). Wassaf records the death of this ruler in 1293, earlier than December 2.
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1283. Between January 12 and August 29, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Vikrama Pāṇḍya, as determined by Mr. Swamikannu Pillai. The date however seems a little uncertain (compare V.R. i. S. Arcot, 222, 343, 439, 440, 813, 844; 135 of 1902; 53, 54 of 1905; 78, 79 of 1903; 410 of 1909; 116 of 1900). He lived till at least 1291. He was called ‘Rājakkaḷ-nāyan’. One record in S. Arcot shews him ruling there in 1288 in his 6th year, while in the same place another inscription shews Jaṭāvarman Sundara Pāṇḍya II ruling there in his 13th year. These difficulties await solution by future students. He is said to have defeated Vijaya-Gaṇḍagōpāla (V.R. i. Chingleput 473, 480; S. Arcot, 157; 410, 418 of 1909).
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1291. Between April 20, 1291 and April 3, 1292, accession of Jaṭāvarman Śrīvallabha, as determined by Mr. Swamikannu Pillai (E. R. 1918, p. 155).
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1293. In the year following February 8, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Sundara-Pāṇḍya III, also determined by the same.
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1296-17. Between December 17, 1926 and April 29, 1927, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Vīra-Pāṇḍya, illegitimate son of Mārav. Kulaśēkhara I. He was driven out by Malik Kāfur in 1311. Ravivarman III of Kēraḷa also claims to have driven him out (E. R. 1900, p. 6).
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1303. Between March 31, and May 16 (E. R. 1916, p. 97), provisionally fixed by Mr. Swamikannu Pillai as the period of accession of Jaṭāvarman-Sundara-Pāṇḍya, legitimate son and heir of Kulaśēkhara I. The son murdered the father, and fled to Delhi when defeated in 1310 (*E. R. 1921, p. 100*). A record of his 11th year is dated January 26, 1314.
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1314. Between March 6 and 29, accession of Māravarman-Kulaśēkhara II (*E. I. viii. App. ii, p. 25 ; E R 1921, 100*). His last known date is 1325.
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1315. Between April 15 and August 10, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, who ruled for at least eight years (*E. I. ix, 228; xi. 264; V. R. iii. Tinnevelly 259; 487 of 1909; 17 of 1894; I. A. 1913, p. 229*).
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1333-4. Māravarman-Vīra-Pāṇḍya II. Two inscriptions make his accession in the year following December 6, 1334 (*494, 495 of 1921*). One makes it in the year following October 19, 1333 (*277 of 1910; see E. R. 1922, p. 92*).
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1335. Between April 30, and July 30, accession of Māravarman-Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, who lived till at least 1352. In this year the Muhammadan Viceroy of Madura under Muhammad Tughlak, Jalālu-d-dīn Āsan declared himself independent Sultan of Madura. He had ruled Madura since about 1330 (*V. R. i, N. Arcot, 420; 78, 509, 525 of 1918*).
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1357-8. Between February 5, 1357, and January 9, 1358, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Parākrama-Pāṇḍya (*E. I. vii. 12; xi, 228; 408 of 1917; 159 of 1911; E. R. 1922, p. 93*).
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In 1384 mention of a Parākrama-Pāṇḍya in Tinnevelly District, whose rule began in this year and who ruled till at least 1415 (*V. R. iii, Tinn. 337; 203 of 1895*).
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1396-7. Accession of a Kulaśēkhara-Pāṇḍya II with prefix ‘Jaṭāvarman’ (*E. R. 1918, p. 158; 528 of 1911; T. A. S. i. 45, No. 2*). Apparently the same Kulaśēkhara had the prefix ‘Māravarman’ in 270 of 1908.
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1401. Between January 13, and July 27, accession of Jaṭāvarman-Vikrama-Pāṇḍya, alias Kōnērinmaikoṇḍān’ who ruled for at least 21 years (*E. I. ix, 228; viii, App. ii, 25; xi, 265; V. R. i, Chingleput 378; 232 of 1910*).
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1422. Between November 8 and December 6, (?) accession of Jaṭilavarman-Arikēsari-Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, also called ‘Mānābharaṇa’, ‘Mānakavacha’ ‘Kumāra Parākrama’, and perhaps ‘Vīra-Pāṇḍya’. He was born under the constellation Mrigaśīra. Died 1463 or 1464. Fought with the King of Kēraḷa (*T. A. S. i, 45 No. 3; E. R. 1906, p. 72; 1910, p. 100; 1905, p. 56; 518, 533, 547 of 1917; E. R. 1918, p. 158; 172, 178, 199 of 1895*). (*See pedigree below.*)
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1430. Between November 9 and 28, accession of Kulaśēkhara-Śrīvallabha-Pāṇḍya, also called ‘Aḷagan-Perumaḷ’, and ‘Kumāra-Kulaśēkhara.’ He lived till at least A.D. 1473-4 (*T. A. S. i, 45; 198 of 1895; 278 of 1908; 476, 544, 649 of 1917*). He was ‘born in the Uttara Nakshatra,’
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1443. Between March 13 and July 28, accession of Māravarman-Vīra-Pāṇḍya III (*‘M’ of Kielhorn’s list*). His 14th year is mentioned. He lived in the reign of Dēva-Raya II of Vijayanagar. From at least 1404 Madura was governed by viceroys from Vijayanagar, Bāṇa chiefs and others (*see the Madura list above*).
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1453-1455. Accession of Jaṭilavarman-Parākrama-Pāṇḍya alias ‘Śrīvallabha’. He was born under the constellation Ārdrā (Tamil, ‘Tiruvādirāi’). He was alive in 1458.
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1468. Between February 6 and October 13, accession of Jaṭilavarman-Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, alias ‘Aḷagan-Perumaḷ’, ‘Kōnērinmai-Koṇḍān,’ ‘Vīra Pāṇḍya’, ‘Ponnin-Perumaḷ’. Born under the constellation Sraviṣṭhā or Dhanisṭhā (Tamil ‘Aviṭṭam’). Lived at least 1507 (*T.S.A. i, 46, No. 12; E R. 1918, p. 159*).
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1480. Between January 12 and August 1. Accession of Parākrama-Kulaśēkhara-Pāṇḍya, who was born in Krittikā’ (or Kārttikai). Lived at least 1500 (*T.S.A. i, 46, No. 7; 618 of 1917*).
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The pedigree of these few Pāṇḍyas is probably as follows:—
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1485-6. Accession of Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, whose second year was 1486-7 (V.R. ii, Ramnad, 178-D).
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1490-1. Accession of another Parākrama-Pāṇḍya, whose second year was 1491-2 (V.R. iii, Tinnevelly, 304-D).
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1531-2. Accession of Māravarman-Sundara-Pāṇḍya III, alias ‘Kōnērinmai-Koṇḍān’. He lived till at least 1555 (V.R. iii, Tinnevelly, 405; 2 of 1916).
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Between October 4 and November 1, 1535, accession of Abhirāma Parākrama, also called Jaṭilavarman-Śrīvallabha, and ‘Kōnērinmai-Koṇḍān’ and ‘Iraṇḍa-Kālam-Eḍutta’ (‘he who brought back the old time’). He was son of Āhavarāma. Lived in the reign of king Achyuta of Vijayanagar, who, after defeating the ‘Tirūvaḍi’, or king of Travancore, established Abhirāma-Śrīvallabha in Madura. He was reigning on October 4, 1545 (577, 666 of 1917; E.I. ix, 226, ‘P’).
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1543. July 20. Accession of Jaṭilavarman-Kulaśēkhara III (450, 545 of 1917). Elder son of Abhirāma-Parākrama. ‘Born in Aśvati’ (Aśvinī). Also called ‘Parākrama’, and ‘Perumāḷ’. He lived at least 1560 (466, 525, 531, 532, 536, 540 of 1917).
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1550. Between June 14 and 27. Accession of Śalivāṭipaṭi, the younger son of Abhirāma-Parākrama (387, 403, 481, 511, 543 of 1917). Also called ‘Tirunelvēli-Perumāḷ-Kulaśēkhara,’ ‘Vīravanbamālai,’ ‘Ponnan-Pāṇḍya’, etc. He was crowned in 1552 (V.R. iii, Tinnevelly, 362, 302).
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1563. Between June 1 and 13, accession of Jaṭilavarman-Ativīrarāma-Śrīvallabha, son of Śalivāṭipaṭi alias ‘Śivalavēl’, ‘Śivaladēva’ ‘Aḷagan-Perumāḷ’. He was ‘born in Punarvasu. His 42nd year 1604-5 is mentioned in an inscription at Kuttalam (V.R. iii, Travancore, 142; 482, 501 of 1917; T.A.S. i, 49, Nos. 22, 26; V.R. iii, Tinnevelly, 278-R; ii, Ramnad, 168-B).
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1572-3. Inscriptions of the second year of a prince (?) Kulaśēkhara-Parākrama-Aḷagan Sokkanār (482 of 1909; E.R. 1918, p. 162).
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1574. Mention of Kūn-Pāṇḍya (E.R. 1904-5, p. 57).
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1586-7. Accession of Abhirāma-Varatuṅgarāma, alias Vīra-Pāṇḍya, also called ‘Aḷagan-Perumāḷ-Ativīrarāma’. A grant by him on October 9, 1590 (605 of 1917; V.R. ii, Madura, 80, A, B).
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1593. Abhirāma-Ativīrarāma-Pāṇḍya mentioned (E.R. 1912, § 40).
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For the following pedigree see T. A. S. i. 44.
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In A.D. 1614-17, a Pāṇḍya prince Perumāḷ-Sivala-Māran-Varaguṇarāma is mentioned, who was also called ‘Kulaśēkara-Sōmāśiyār-Dīkshitar.’ He carried out a religious (Yāga) ceremony at Tenkāśi. He may be identical with Śrīvallabha, son of Śalivāṭipaṭi (V.R. iii, Tinnevelly, 393-A; Travancore, 127; T.A.S. i. 147; 268 of 1908).
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In 1754-5 a descendant of the Pāṇḍya Kings Kulaśēkharā Dīkshitar Śivala-Varaguṇa is mentioned in an inscription, which states that like the earlier Śrīvallabha he ‘brought back the old time,’ his title being ‘Iraṇḍakālām-eḍutta’ (T.A.S. i. 149).
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Notes.—The author of the Periplus (1st century A.D.) gives the name ‘Paralia’ to the country about Quilon and Cape Comorin. This probably represents the river ‘Pahruḷi’ (modern Tālāyāru) mentioned in early Tamil epics.
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Rāshṭrakūṭas No. 10. Kōchchadaiyan’s alleged defeat of the Raṭṭas (i.e. Chālukyas) probably refers to an event of the year A. D. 674 when the Chālukya king Vikramāditya I penetrated southwards as far as Trichinopoly and was encamped at Uragapuram.
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PĀṆḌYAS OF UCHCHANGI See NOḶAMBAVĀḌI COUNTRY—RULERS OF
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PESHWAS OF SĀTĀRA See MAHRATTAS
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PITHĀPURAM PRINCES OF EASTERN CHĀḶUKYA DESCENT
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See Pedigree of Eastern Chāḷukyas above.
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When King Kaṇṭhika-Bēta Vijayāditya V of the Eastern Chāḷukyas was ousted by Tādapa in A.D. 925, he established himself as ruler of the small territory of Pithāpuram, an ancient province to the north of the lower Godavari river.
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Kaṇṭhika-Bēta Vijayāditya V. (of the Eastern Chāḷukyas, A.D. 925)
1. Satyāśraya ('Uttama Chāḷukya.' Md. Gauri, a Gaṅga princess.)
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2. Vijayāditya II (Md. Vijayā-dēvi) Vimalāditya Vikramāditya Vishnu Vardhana I Mallapa I Kāma I Rājamārtāṇḍa
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3. Vishnuvardhana II Living in 1145. Became chief in A.D. 1125-6.
4. Mallapa II Md. a Haihaya princess Chaṇḍalādēvi. Sāmidēva.
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5. Vijayāditya III Crowned January 11, 1158. Md. Gaṅga dau. of 'the lord of the Āradavāḍa' and Lakshmī.
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(By Gaṅga)
6. Mallapa III. Goṇaga ' or 'Vishnuvardhana III.' Dates 1174-5, June 16, 1202.
7. Udayachandra.
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(By Lakshmī) Narēndra (Gave a grant in 1176.)
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NOTES.—As to the relationship between Bēta Vijayāditya V and Satyāśraya I note that Fleet accepted the latter as son of the former; but must point out that such a fixture allows only five generations between A. D. 925 and 1202. It seems more probable that Satyāśraya lived about 150 years later than his E. Chāḷukya ancestor.
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The date of 6 Mallapa’s accession is doubtful. Two inscriptions at Bhīmāvaram make its date 1174-5, while the Sarpāvaram pillar inscription fixes it as in 1193-4. Dr. Hultzsch, (E. I. iv. 230) finds it impossible to reconcile the statements. It may be that, in other cases of which we have clear information, the son was made joint ruler with his father some years before the latter’s death.
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For 6 'Goṇaga' see V. R. ii, Godavari 103 ; 198 of 1893.
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QUTB SHĀHI DYNASTY OF GOLKONDA See GOLKONDA, KUTB SHAHI DYNASTY.
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RAJAHMUNDRY—REDDI CHIEFS OF See REDDI CHIEFS
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RĀSHṬRAKŪṬA DYNASTY—THE— See Fleet in Bombay Gazetteer Pt. ii, 386 and E. I. iii. 55 ; R. G. Bhandarkar 'Early History of the Dekhan' p. 55, n. 2, and 57 ; E. C. ii, App. B.
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1. Dantivarmā I.
2. Indra I.
3. Govinda I.
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QUTB SHĀHI DYNASTY OF GOLKONDA—*contd.
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4. Karka, or Kakka I.
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5. Indra II (Md. a Chāḷukya princess)
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7. Krishna I ‘Akālavarsha,’ ‘Subhatunga,’ ‘Kalivallabha,’ ‘Prithvivallabha.’ A.D. 768, 772. Constructed the Kailāsa rock-cut temple at Ellora.
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Nanna (See E. I. ix. 194; xi. 276)
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6. Dantidurga ‘Vairamēgha,’ ‘Khaḍgavalōka,’ ‘Sāhasatunga.’ Conquered the W. Chāḷukyas. Died childless. A.D. 748, 753, 754.
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8. Gōvinda II 779-783. Dethroned by Dhruva (See notes below)
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9. Dhruva 783 (See notes below)
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Samkaragana 793.
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Kamba ‘Sthamba,’ ‘Raṇavalōka’ Seems to have lived privately. Record in 802.
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10. Gōvinda III 783-(?)814. Conquered Kērala, Gujarat, etc. Md. Gāmuṇḍabbe.
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Indra III Made sovereign of Gujarat by his brother Gōvinda before 812 and became first of a dynasty in Gujarat.
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11. Amōghavarsha I or ‘Sarva.’ (?) 814-877. War with the E. Chāḷukyas
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12. Krishna II 877-913. Md. dau. of Kōkalla Chēdi or Kalachuri king.
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Dau. : Śaṅkhā Md. the Pallava king Nandi-varman III.
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13. Jagaṭunga Md. Lakshmi, a Kalachuri princess.
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Dau. md. the W. Chāḷukya king Ayyana II.
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14. Indra III. 913-(?) 922. Md. Vijāmbā, a Kalachuri princess.
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17. Baḍḍiga, or Amōghavarsha III. 933-937. Md. Kundakā, a Kalachuri princess.
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15. Amōghavarsha II. Ruled 1 year, and deposed by his brother, 922.
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16. Gōvinda IV (?) 922-933
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Dau. Rēvakā Md. W. Ganga king Būtuga II.
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18. Krishna III 937-8 to 965-6
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19. Khottiga Nirūpama 965-6 to 972-3
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a son. Indra IV (died March 20-982).
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20. Kakkala or Karka II., or Amō-ghavarsha IV. 972-3.
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Notes.—6. Dantidurga completely crushed the W. Chāḷukya family, so that the Western territories of the latter were ruled by the Rāshṭrakūṭas for two centuries. He gave a grant in 753 (I. A. 1882, p. 108). He was in occupation of Kāñchī some time after 754 (I. A., 1906, p. 332).
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7. Krishna I was encamped at the W. Ganga capital Maṇṇai, near Bangalore in A. D. 768 (E. I. xiii, 275.). Grants by him in 770 and 772 (E. I. vi, 171; xiv, 123).
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8. Gōvinda II has the names ‘Vallabha’, ‘Prabhūtavarsha’, ‘Pratāpāvaloka’, ‘Vikramāvalōka.’
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9. Dhruva was also called ‘Nirūpama’, ‘Dhārāvarsha’, ‘Kalivallabha’, ‘Srīvallabha.’ He was also called ‘Dhora’ or ‘Dora.’ He defeated and imprisoned the W. Ganga king Śivamāra II.
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¹⁰ Gōvinda III. (For his elder brother Kambha see E.C. ix. Nl. 61, of which the date is November 13, 802). Gōvinda had the titles ‘Jagaṭṭunga’, ‘Jagaḍrudra’, ‘Prabhūtavarsha’, ‘Vallabha-Narēndra.’ There was heavy fighting in his reign. He was contemporary with and fought against the E. Chāḷukya king Vijayāditya II alias ‘Narēndra-Mrigarāja’ whose inscriptions say that he fought 108 battles in 12½ years against the Gangas and Raṭṭas, or Rashṭrakūṭas. Gōvinda says he defeated the E. Chāḷukyas (E. I. vii, 26). He released from imprisonment the W. Ganga king Śivamāra II, and again captured and imprisoned him. For his queen Gāmuṇḍabbe see E. C. ix, Nl. 61.
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11. *Amoghavarsha I* or *Śarva* was also called ‘Durlabha,’ ‘Śrīvallabha,’ ‘Shaṇḍa,’ ‘Nṛipatunga,’ ‘Atiśaya-Dhavala,’ ‘Vīranārāyaṇa,’ ‘Lakshmī-Vallabhendra,’ and ‘Lord of Laṭṭalūru’ (*E. I. xiii*, 176).
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12. *Krishna II* was also called ‘Kannara,’ and ‘Subhatunga.’ Before A. D. 888 he suffered heavy reverses at the hands of the Eastern Chālukya King Guṇaka-Vijayāditya (*E. I. vii*. 26 see text s. v. May 10, 930 A.D.).
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13. *Jagatunga* was also known as ‘Jagadrudra’ (*E. I. iv*, 283; *v*. 193).
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14. *Indra III* was also called ‘Nityavarsha-Narēndra’ (271 of 1918 gives a date in his reign).
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16. *Gōvinda IV* was known as ‘Suvarṇavarsha,’ ‘Nṛipatunga,’ ‘Vallabha-Narēndra,’ ‘Prabhūta-varsha,’ ‘Raṭṭa-kandarpa,’ ‘Sāhasānkha,’ and ‘Goggiga.’ He seems to have had a very bad reputation for cruelty.
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18. *Krishna III* was also called ‘Kannara,’ ‘Akālavarsha,’ ‘Kachchiyum-Tañjaiyum-koṇḍa’ (‘capturer of Conjevaram and Tanjore’) and ‘Irivikannara.’ For his exploits see the text.
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19. *Khoṭṭiga*, alias ‘Nityavarsha,’ was defeated by Harsha, king of Malwa in 971. His accession was between March 24, 965 and February 17, 966.
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20. *Kakkala* was also called ‘Vallabha-Narēndra.’ He was overthrown by the Western Chālukya king Tailapa II, who married Kakkala’s daughter Jākabbe, or Jakkalā-dēvī. With him the dynasty came to an end. For Indra IV’s date of death see *E. C. ii*, 57 at Śrāvaṇa-Beḷgoḷa, the date of which is quite sound.