The Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (collected till 1923) and Outlines of Political History c9.s2.t73: Veṇāḍ Kings

The Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (collected till 1923) and Outlines of Political History c9.s2.t73

Language: English

Veṇāḍ Kings

I have omitted, to save space, one or two names noted in Mr. S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar's pedigrees (*Sources of Vijayanagar History,* pp. xi, xiv), as not being of historic importance. I concur with T. A. Gopinātha Rao (*E. I. xv,* p. 8, f) in believing that Bukka III, Vijaya, had only one son whose name was Dēva-Rāya and not two sons each named Dēva-Rāya. But the question still requires study before a clear answer can be given. From the Satyamangalam, Sajjalūr and Śrīśailam plates (*E. I. iii,* 37; *E. C. iii,* Ml. 121; *E. I. xv,* 8) we learn that there was an elder son Dēva Rāya and a younger son Prātapa-Dēva-Rāya, and that Virūpāksha was son of the latter. The Madras Museum plates (*E. I. viii,* 306) and the Satyamangalam plates—the former that 'Śrīgirīndra' was governing the Marakatanagara on November 3, A.D. 1424-5—the latter that in the same year on June 26 the same place was being governed by 'Prātapa-Dēva-Rāya.' This would imply that Śrīgirīndra and Prātapa-Dēva-Rāya were one and the same person. And adding this information to what has been said above we should have to assume that Virūpāksha was son of Śrīgirīndra. However I dare not take upon myself to correct Mr. S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar's pedigree. Kampana II's son Jommana is clearly mentioned in A.D. 1375 in *E. C. x, Ct,* 94. The order of birth of the sons of Bukka I is given as in *Sources . . .* p. xi, though it differs from Gopinātha Rao's pedigree. Inscriptions differ on the point. Sangama is said (*E.C. v, Hn,* 36) to have been of the Yādava stock, an assertion often made of Hoyśala rulers.

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Sangama I (Md. Kāmākshi)

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B. The Second—Ṣaḷuva—Dynasty

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1. Ṣaḷuva Narasimha I (usurper) 1485-6—1492-3

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[Figure: A son Killed by a page named ‘Timmarasa’ (so Nuniz)]

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[Figure: 2. Immaḍi-Narasimha or ‘Tamma,’ or ‘Tammaya,’ (Dharma-rāya) assassinated 1505. Throne usurped by the Tuḷuva Minister Narasa-Nāyaka, 1505.]

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C. The Third—Tuḷuva—Dynasty

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Timma (Md. Dēvakī)

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Īśvara alias Kṣhitipālaka. Md. Bukkamā and Dēvakī.

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1. Narasa Nāyaka Usurped the throne of Vijayānagar, and died shortly afterwards. Md. Tippājī, Nāgalā, and Ōbāmbikā, 1505.

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[Figure: (by Tippājī)

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2. Vīra Narasimha ‘Bhujabala-Rāya.’ 1506-1509.]

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[Figure: (by Nāgalā)

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3. Krishnadēva Rāya 1509-1529. Crowned January 23, 1510. Died between October 27, and December 28, 1529]

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[Figure: (by Ōbāmbikā)

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4. Achyuta

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[Figure: Ranga Md. Timmāmbā.]

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[Figure: Tirumala (died young)]

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[Figure: Dau. Tirumalāmbā Md. Aḷiya-Rāma-Rāya of the Aravīḍu family]

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[Figure: Dau. Vengalā Md. Tirumalā of the Aravīḍu family, brother of Rāma-Rāya]

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[Figure: 5. Venkaṭādri (Killed 1542.)]

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[Figure: 6. Sadāśiva 1542-(?)1570. The city of Vijayanagar completely destroyed in 1565 by the Dekhani Muhammadans.]

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D. I. The Fourth-Aravīḍu-Dynasty, Imperial Branch

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Sadāśiva of Vijayanagar had little power, the kingdom being administered by his minister Aliya Rāma of the Āravīḍu family and his brother Tirumala, Sadāśiva's cousins by marriage. The date of Sadāśiva's death is not exactly known. Aliya Rāma was killed at Talikōta fighting the Muham-madan invaders. Tirumala became king after Sadāśiva's death.

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D. II. THE ARAVIḌU FAMILY—COLLATERAL BRANCH.

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This branch had no members that occupied the throne of Vijayanagar, but they were powerful Rājas in Nandyal and the neighbourhood.

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Four generations as in D. I. above preceding Bukka. Then—

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(by Abbalā) Bukka (by Ballamā)

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Singa Rāja, of Nandyāl

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Rāma Rāja I (Md. Lakkāmbikā)

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Narasinga, of Nandyāl

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Timma 1544-1545

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Pedda Konda

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Śrīranga (see D. I. above)

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Aubala 1543-1548

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Nārapa 1548

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Tirumala

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Vitthala 1546

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Chinna Timma 1545.

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Pāpa-Timma

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Chinna Konda (Md. Koṇḍāmbā)

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Kōnēti-Rāja, alias Timma. (Md. Tirumalāmbikā, 1544.

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Ōbala, or Aubhalēśvara

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Narasinga

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Chinna Timma

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Appa

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Ranga

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Kōnēti-Timma

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Aubala 1554. 1557, 1563

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Konda 1556

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Timma 1554

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Ranga.

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Chinna Aubhala (ruled Udayagiri) 1557

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Timma (ruled Gaṇḍikōṭa)

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Krishna ‘of Nandyāl’

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Kōnēti Rāma

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NOTES.—(A) (1) Harihara I was crowned on April 18, 1336 (V. R. ii. Nellore, 189; B. and V. C. i. 109). He was alive on August 18, 1346 (E. C. x. Mr. 61). (2) Bukka I is believed to have died on or about February 24, 1377 (E. C. iv. Yd. 46), when (3) Harihara II succeeded. Harihara II died August 16, 1404 (E. C. viii. Tl. 129). His minister was Irugapa, son of Baicha who had been minister to his predecessors. Kampana II's death in 1374 has been assumed on the strength of S.I.I. i, p. 103; but the date given in the record is not satisfactory in detail. (4) Bukka II's succession was disputed. He was recognized as king in an inscription of October 19, 1374 (E. C. vi. Kp. 25); but one dated November 29 or 30 of that year makes Virūpāksha I sovereign (ibid. viii. Tl. 196); while another (according to T. A. Gopinātha Rao, whose reference seems erroneous) shews that he had regained the throne before July 27, 1405. (5) Dēva Rāya I was crowned on November 5, 1406 (E. C. v. Hn. 133). He died before August 3, 1422 (E. C. iv. Gu. 24). For Jommana, son of Kampana II see E. C. xi, Ct. 94, whose date is 1375. Chennappa, son of Mallinātha was Governor of Adoni, which he lost to the Musalmans. Regaining possession of it he presented it to Harihara II (E. C. xii, Kg. 43). (6) Bukka III, ‘Vijaya,’ was king on August 17, 1422 (E. C. ix. An. 79; vii. Sk. 93). (7) Dēva Rāya II's earliest record is February 25, 1423 (ibid. viii. Sb. 565). For a note on events of his reign, his attempted assassination, etc. see T. A. Gopinātha Rao's note (E. I. xv. 8f. etc.). He died on May 24, 1446 (I. A. xxv. 346). For date of Sāḷuva Narasimha's usurpation of the throne see J. R. A. S., 1915, p. 385. (9) Virūpāksha III's son Prauḍhadēva is mentioned in an inscription of 1486-7 (593 of 1902).

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B. Immadi Narasimha was on the throne on January 27, 1493 (E. C. vi. Mg. 54, 56; V. R. i. Cuddapah, 618).

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C. (1) Narasa Nāyaka's usurpation and death both occurred between February 28 and August 14, 1505 (J. R. A. S. 1915, p. 385f). (2) Vīra Narasimha was reigning on August 14, 1505 (E. C. x. Gd. 77). He died between May 4 and July 26, 1509, on which latter day (3) Krishnadēva Rāya was on the throne (703 of 1919). Krishnadēva Rāya died between July 28 and December 28, 1529 (V. R. ii. Nellore 113; B. and V. C. 361; E. I. xiv. 311). His son Tirumala died at the age of 6 years about A.D. 1525 (115-117, 122 of 1918). (4) Achyuta lived till at least May 29, 1512 (E. C. vi. Kd, 158). (6) Sadāśiva was on the throne on June 27, 1542 (I. A., 1881, p. 63). It seems therefore that (5) Venkaṭādri's accession and death both occurred between those two dates, which would lead to the supposition that he was killed. The disastrous battle of Talikōta was fought on January 25, 1565 (Note E. I. i. 361f; E. viii. Nr. 64; x. Gd. 77).

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D. I. Sōmideva is renowned for having ‘taken seven hill-forts in one day’ (E. C. xii. 1m. 1). Rāma-Rāja I, son of Bukka of Nandyāl, captured Adoni, and fought against an enemy who had 70,000 horse in his army (E. I. xvi. 299).

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Sriranga, the father of Aliya Rāma and his brothers, died on some day in the year following March 28, 1570 (the first anniversary of his death was in Ś. 1493).

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(1) Tirumala was recognized as king of Vijayanagar and was given full imperial titles in inscriptions of 1569 (April 30) and 1571 (E. C. xii, Mi. 10; viii, Sb. 55). The earlier one may give him honorific titles, but the latter says he was ‘on the throne’. His reign ended between March 8, and November 9, 1578 (E. C. x. Mr., 41, 57).

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(3) Venkatapati I was on the throne early in 1586 (V. R. ii. Kurnool, 585 ; 71 of 1915). For his death and the tragedy which followed it in the murder of (4) Sriranga II and his family see the full account given by the contemporary writer Barradas in December, 1616, (‘A Forgotten Empire,’ p. 222 f). That (5) Rāma II reigned as late as 1630 is shewn by two inscriptions (E. C. x, 164,)¹. (7) Sriranga III was reigning on March 10, 1643 (E. C. iv. Yd., 5). He lived till 1670 (E. C. xii, Pg., 46).

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¹ These two records, both of the same year and in the same village, are interesting incidentally as shewing that people used indiscriminately the expired or current Śaka year. Both belong to the year ‘Pramōda’ but one names the expired and the other the current Śaka year.

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D II. In the Kurnool and Cuddapah districts are a good number of records of the Aravīḍu family of Nandyāl.

Linked texts (5)

Śrīraṅgam, Raṅganātha temple, time of Sundara Pāṇḍya — Sanskrit
Epigraphia Indica
Epigraphia Carnatica
South Indian Inscriptions
A Stone Inscription from Ranod (Narod) — Sanskrit