[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Indian Epigraphy](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965) › c12.62 # Indian Epigraphy c12.62 Indian Epigraphy c12.62 - **Language:** English ### [c12.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c12.62) The word found in the Gāhaḍavāla records as upagata is often found in the form samupagata or samupāgata in the same context in many other charters,⁵ especially in the elaborate indication in the grants of the Pālas and Senas of Eastern India.⁶ We have seen above how the ‘present’ and ‘future’ subordinates, etc., of a ruler are described as samupāgata with reference to a viṣaya or district. The question now is what the words upagata, samupagata and samupāgata in this context really mean. In our opinion, they mean the same thing as sambadhyamānaka, yathā-kāla-bhāvin and yathā-kāl-adhyāsin as found in the same context in many records. This may be clear from the quotation of a few corresponding passages from the charters of the Gāhaḍavālas, Pālas and Senas. - [Previous: c12.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c12.61) - [Next: c12.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c12.63) - [Up: c12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c12) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c12.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c12.62) · Pramāṇa