[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Indian Epigraphy](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965) › c16.s8.68 # Indian Epigraphy c16.s8.68 Indian Epigraphy c16.s8.68 - **Language:** English ### [c16.s8.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c16.s8.68) revenue-income of land in \*Kapardaka-purāṇas\*,¹ in which \*kapardaka\* means ‘a cowrie-shell’ and \*purāṇa\* the old silver coin 32 \*Ratis\* in weight, also called \*Kārṣāpaṇa\*. The expression \*kapardaka-purāṇa\* apparently means a \*Purāṇa\* counted in \*Kapardakas\*. This is because the Senas and other early medieval rulers of the Bengal region did not issue any coin and the transactions were carried on mostly in cowrie-shells. In the late medieval period, 80 cowries were usually regarded as equal to one \*Paṇa\* and 16 \*Paṇas\* as equal to one \*Kāhaṇa\* (Sanskrit \*Kārṣāpaṇa\*). - [Previous: c16.s8.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c16.s8.67) - [Next: c16.s8.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c16.s8.69) - [Up: c16.s8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c16.s8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c16.s8.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c16.s8.68) · Pramāṇa