[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Archaeology, epigraphy and coins](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy) › [Indian Epigraphy](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965) › c5 # Indian Epigraphy c5: System of Transliteration Indian Epigraphy c5 - **Language:** English ### System of Transliteration ### [c5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.1) आ = ā, ई = ī, ऊ = ū, ### [c5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.2) ऋ = ṛ, ॠ = ṝ, ऌ = ḷ, ### [c5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.3) ॡ = ḹ, ए (long) = e, ए (short) = ĕ, ### [c5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.4) ओ (long) = o, ओ (short) = ŏ, ङ = ṅ, ### [c5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.5) च = c, ञ = ñ, ट = ṭ, ### [c5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.6) ड = ḍ, ण = ṇ, श = ś, ### [c5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.7) ष = ṣ, ड़ = ḍ, ळ = ḷ, ### [c5.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.8) Dravidian palatal alveolar n = ṉ ### [c5.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.9) Dravidian palatal alveolar r = ṟ ### [c5.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.10) Dravidian cerebral voiced fricative (i.e. voiced ṣ) = ḻ ### [c5.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.11) anusvāra = ṁ, visarga = ḥ, ### [c5.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5.12) upadhmānīya = ḥ, jihvāmūlīya = ḥ --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.epigraphy.sircar-1965.c5) · Pramāṇa