[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953) › c9.2 # India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c9.2 India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī c9.2 - **Language:** English ### [c9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953.c9.2) VṚITTI (\*Economy\*)—The science of economics later known as \*Vārttā\* may be connected with the word \*Vṛitti\*, or economic pursuits, such as \*kṛishi\* (agriculture), \*vāṇijya\* (trade and commerce) and \*pāśupālya\* (cattle-rearing), about which Pāṇini furnishes interesting particulars. Pāṇini uses the general term \*jānapadī vṛitti\* (IV.¹.42) to indicate the economic pursuits followed in a region or State. The term \*jānapadī\* was older than Pāṇini and is referred to by Yāska in the expression \*Jānapadīshu vidyātaḥ purūsha-viśesho bhavati\*, 'One gains celebrity by proficiency in the economic pursuits of the Janapada State' (\*Nirukta\*, I.16). - [Previous: c8.s15.t1.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953.c8.s15.t1.47) - [Next: c9.s1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953.c9.s1.1) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953.c9) ## Cites (2) - [Nirukta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska.1.16) — Yāska, Sanskrit - [Aṣṭādhyāyī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.astadhyayi-school.astadhyayi) — Pāṇini, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953.c9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.agrawala-1953.c9.2) · Pramāṇa