[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937) › v4.c9 # The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c9: Chapter XV The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c9 - **Language:** English ### Chapter XV ### [v4.c9.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.1) AHMAD SHĀH, ‘ĀLAMGĪR II AND SHĀH ‘ĀLAM ### [v4.c9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.2) By Lt.-Colonel Sir Wolseley Haig. ### [v4.c9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.3) Ahmad Shāh succeeds to the throne . . . . . . . . 428 Offices of state divided by the nobles . . . . . . . 428 Safdar Jang instigates the Bangash Pathāns to attack the Rohillas . . 429 The Bangash defeat Safdar Jang and raid in Oudh . . . . 430 Safdar Jang crushes the Bangash with Marāthā help . . . . 431 Zu-’l-Fiqār Jang in Rājputāna . . . . . . . . 432 Disputed succession to Nizām-ul-Mulk . . . . . . . 433 Third invasion by Ahmad Shāh Abdālī . . . . . . . 433 The Punjab and Multān ceded to Afghānistān . . . . . 434 Disputes between the emperor and Safdar Jang . . . . . 434 Civil war at Delhi . . . . . . . . . . 435 Intizām-ud-Daula becomes minister . . . . . . . 436 Ghāzī-ud-din replaces Intizām-ud-Daula and deposes Ahmad Shāh . 436 ‘Ālamgīr II succeeds Ahmad Shāh . . . . . . . 437 Unsuccessful attempt to recover the Punjab . . . . . . 437 Ahmad Shāh Abdālī sacks Delhi . . . . . . . . 438 Massacre at Muttra . . . . . . . . . . 439 ‘Alī Gauhar escapes from Delhi . . . . . . . . 440 The Marāthās in Bengal . . . . . . . . . 441 ‘Alī Vardī Khān expels the Marāthās . . . . . . . 442 The Marāthās retain Orissa . . . . . . . . 443 ‘Ālamgīr II assassinated. Shāh Jahān III succeeds . . . . 444 The Marāthās occupy the Punjab . . . . . . . 445 Ahmad Shāh Abdālī returns to India . . . . . . . 446 A large Marāthā army reaches Delhi . . . . . . . 447 Battle of Pānīpat . . . . . . . . . . 448 Succession of Shāh ‘Ālam . . . . . . . . 448 ### [v4.c9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.4) CHAPTER XVI ### [v4.c9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.5) THE REVENUE SYSTEM OF THE MUGHUL EMPIRE ### [v4.c9.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.6) By W. H. Moreland, C.S.I., C.I.E. ### [v4.c9.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.7) Local revenues . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Sources of central revenue . . . . . . . . . 450 Preponderance of land revenue . . . . . . . . 450 Description of the agrarian system . . . . . . . 451 The position of the peasant . . . . . . . . 452 The state’s share of produce . . . . . . . . 453 Methods of assessment . . . . . . . . . 453 Arrangements for collection . . . . . . . . 454 The revenue system under the Lodī dynasty . . . . . 456 Sher Shāh’s reorganisation . . . . . . . . 457 ### [v4.c9.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.8) | | PAGE | | Assessment under Akbar . . . . . . . . . | 458–60 | | Assignments under Akbar . . . . . . . . . | 461 | | Experiments in direct collection . . . . . . . . | 462 | | Akbar's regulation system . . . . . . . . . | 462–3 | | Arrangements in the outlying provinces . . . . . . . | 464 | | Grants of land under Akbar . . . . . . . . | 465 | | The reign of Jahāngīr . . . . . . . . . | 466 | | The reign of Shāh Jahān . . . . . . . . . | 467 | | The assessment of the Deccan . . . . . . . . | 467 | | Aurangzīb's revenue system . . . . . . . . | 468–70 | | The decline of agriculture . . . . . . . . | 471 | | The disappearance of assignments . . . . . . . . | 472 | | The extension of farming . . . . . . . . . | 473 | | The formation of dependencies . . . . . . . . | 474 | ### [v4.c9.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.9) CHAPTER XVII ### [v4.c9.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.10) BURMA (1531–1782) By G. E. Harvey, Indian Civil Service (\*retired\*). ### [v4.c9.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.11) | Arakan and its capitals . . . . . . . . . | 476 | | Muslim Buddhist kings . . . . . . . . . | 477 | | Chittagong and Portuguese pirates . . . . . . . | 478 | | Coronation sacrifices . . . . . . . . . | 479 | | The Dutch in Arakan. Shāh Shujāʻ . . . . . . . | 480 | | Mughuls take Chittagong . . . . . . . . | 481 | | The Toungoo dynasty . . . . . . . . . | 482 | | Burman Talaing union . . . . . . . . . | 483 | | Burmese invade Siam . . . . . . . . . | 484 | | Death of Tabinshwehti . . . . . . . . . | 485 | | Failure of Smim Htaw's rebellion . . . . . . . | 486 | | Bayinnaung suppresses funeral sacrifices . . . . . . | 487 | | Capture of Ayuthia . . . . . . . . . | 488 | | The Ceylon Tooth . . . . . . . . . | 489 | | Bayinnaung's administration . . . . . . . . | 490 | | Contact with outer world . . . . . . . . | 491 | | Nandabayin's cruelty . . . . . . . . . | 492 | | Sack of Pegū . . . . . . . . . . | 493 | | De Brito independent at Syriam . . . . . . . | 494 | | Defeat and crucifixion of De Brito . . . . . . . | 495 | | Minredeippa's brief reign . . . . . . . . | 496 | | Compilation of law books . . . . . . . . | 497 | | Devastation by Chinese marauders . . . . . . . | 498 | | Yung-li, last of the Ming emperors . . . . . . . | 499 | | Foreign rivals in Mergui . . . . . . . . | 500 | | Traders in Syriam . . . . . . . . . | 501 | | Raids from Manipur . . . . . . . . . | 502 | | Ava taken by the Talaings . . . . . . . . | 503 | | The Alaungpaya dynasty . . . . . . . . | 504 | | Alaungpaya captures Rangoon . . . . . . . | 505 | | French ships taken at Syriam . . . . . . . | 506 | | Talaings annihilated . . . . . . . . . | 507 | | Pegū stormed . . . . . . . . . . | 508 | | Massacre at Negrais . . . . . . . . . | 509 | | Invasion of Siam . . . . . . . . . | 510 | | Death of Alaungpaya . . . . . . . . . | 511 | ### [v4.c9.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9.12) | | | PAGE | | Manipur raided | . . . . . . . . | 512 | | Āva reoccupied | . . . . . . . . | 513 | | Invasion of Siam | . . . . . . . . | 514 | | Sixth siege of Ayuthia | . . . . . . . . | 515 | | Chinese invasion of Burma | . . . . . . . . | 516 | | Chinese repulsed and peace made | . . . . . . . . | 517 | | Manipur occupied | . . . . . . . . | 518 | | Burmese triumphs | . . . . . . . . | 519 | | Siamese expel Burmese from Siam | . . . . . . . . | 520 | | Singu murdered | . . . . . . . . | 521 | | Bodawpaya succeeds | . . . . . . . . | 522 | ## Cites (1) - [Muttra](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.muttra) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.burn-1937.v4.c9) · Pramāṇa