The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency from the Earliest Historical Times to the Musalman Conquest c2: Contents

The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency from the Earliest Historical Times to the Musalman Conquest c2

Language: English

Ptolemy; Author of the Periplus; Renell; Strabo; Vincent; Cosmas; Fa Hian; Hiuen Tsiang; Ibn Batuta; Reinaud; Alberuni; Colonel Yule; Rashid-ud-din; Al Masudi; Al Idrisi; Gildemeister; Marco Polo; Friar Odoricus; Immigrants, Bene-Israels and Pársis ... ... 1-8

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Section II.—Antiquities and Traditions.

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Caves; Inscriptions; Bráhmanical caves; Buddhist caves; Ruling powers in the Konkan about the middle of the sixth century; Family Tree of the Siláháras; Siláhára kings; Condition of the Siláhára kingdom; Ráshtrakúṭas of Málkhet; Independence of the North Konkan; Inclusion of the Konkan among Gujarát districts; Viceroys of the Devgiri Yádavs; State of the country; Reclamation of the Konkan by Parashurám and other traditions ... ... 9-28

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Section III.—The Musalmán's.

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Date of Musalmán conquest; Expedition into the Dakhan; Salt trade; Governments of the Dakhan; Reduction of the Northern Konkan by the Gujarát king; Ahmad Sháh; Reduction of the Southern Konkan by the Bahmanis; Establishment of the Ahmednagar and Bijápur kingdoms; Best parts of the North Konkan occupied by the Portuguese; Division of the Southern Konkan between the kings of Bijápur and Ahmadnagar; The Abyssinians establish themselves in Janjira; Origin of the Khots; Its commercial marts; Silk manufacture; Ship-building; Relations of the kings of Ahmadnagar and Bijápur with the Portuguese; Malik Ambar's survey; Ahmadnagar Konkan ceded to Bijápur; Divisions of the Konkan; The remains of Musalmán building ... ... 29-42

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Section IV.—The Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century.

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First appearance on the coast of the Portuguese; Their first visit to Calicut; Their encounters with the Musalmán fleets; Their first voyage north of Goa; Destruction of seven vessels of the Moors; Their defeat at Chaul by the combined fleets of Gujarát and Egypt; Defeat of Sulaimán the Magnificent's fleet at Diu; Establishment of a factory and building of a fort at Chaul; Destruction of Dábhol; Their defeat by the Gujarát admiral; Defeat of the Gujarát fleet at Chaul; Battle off Bándra; Attacks on the North Konkan Coast; Portuguese possession of Sálsette; War between Gujarát and the Portuguese; Cession of Bassein; Cession of Diu as the price of the Portuguese alliance against the Moghals; Treaties with Ahmadnagar and Bijanagar; Portuguese expeditions against the Bijápur Konkan; Cession of ports to the Portuguese by Bijápur; Expedition from Goa against and defeat of the Bijápur troops; Portuguese cruelties; Raising up a race of half-caste Portuguese; Portuguese possessions in the Northern Konkan; Their capture of the forts of Asheri and Manor; Cession of Daman; Expeditions against the Kolis; Alliance of Ahmadnagar and Bijápur against the Portuguese; Siege of Chaul by Ahmadnagar troops; Their defeat; Peace with the Musalmáns; Capture of Korlai; Infancy, manhood, and decline of the Portuguese power ... ... ... 43-51

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Section V.—The System and the Decline of the Portuguese.

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System of government; Customs; Land Revenue; Justice; Military establishment; Ecclesiastical power; The Jesuits; Conversion of the natives; Jealous and rigorous system of the Portuguese in matters of religion; Trade; The Dutch; Cause of the decline of Portuguese power; Their magnificence; Their chief remains . . . . . 52-66

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Section VI.—Shiva'ji (1648-1680).

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State of the Powers ruling in the middle of the seventeenth century; Capture of Ráiri and Kalyán by Shiváji; Building of the forts of Birvádi, Lingána, and Pratápgad; Aurangzib's permission to take possession of the whole Konkan and invasion of the Sidis' districts; Plunder of Rájápur and burning of Dábhol; Capture of Dánda Rájápur; Building of forts at Málvan; Rebuilding of the forts of Suvarndurg, Ratnágiri; Jaygad, Anjanvel, Vijayadurg, and Kolába; Ráygad called the Gibraltar of the East; Capital of Shiváji; Plunder of Surat; Burning of Vengurla; Plundering expedition as far as Barcelor; Attack by the Moghals on Shiváji's possessions in the Dakhan; His visit to and escape from Delhi; Expulsion of the Moghals from Kalyán; Building of the fort of Sarjekot; Capture of the forts of Máhuli; Naval fights between the Moghal and Shiváji's fleets; Capture of Shiváji's vessels by the Portuguese; Shiváji's coronation; Demand of chauth or one-fourth from the Portuguese; Fleet from Maskat; Siege of Janjira; Burning of Vengurla by the Moghals; Annáji Dattu in charge of the Konkan; Survey and assessment of land; Usual operations on the coast; Burning of Jaytápur by the Sidi's fleet; Attempt to burn the Musalmán fleet in Bombay; Sambháji's intrigues with Sultán Mauzim; Treaty between the English and Shiváji; Shiváji's death; General condition of the Konkan; Forts on the coast of the Southern Konkan and inland . . . . . PAGE 67-75

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Section VII.—The Mara'tha's from the Death of Shiváji to the Expulsion of the Portuguese (1680-1739).

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Prospect of a war between the adherents of Shiváji's two sons; Imprisonment and death of Annáji Dattu; Struggle between Sambháji and the Sidi; Sultán Akbar's arrival at Páli; Attack on Underi; Burning of the town of Apta; Siege of Janjira; Building of the fort of Belápur; Defeat of the Maráthás by the Sidi; War between Sambháji and the Portuguese; Sultán Akbar at the Dutch factory; Bahádur Khán Ranmast's entry into the Konkan; Sack of Vengurla by Sultán Mauzim as a punishment for the protection of Sultán Akbar; War between the Maráthás and the Moghals; Investment of Bassein; Capture of Sambháji by the Moghals and his death; Meeting of Marátha leaders; Aurangzib's grant of a Sanad to the Sidi; The Sidi captures the districts of Suvarndurg and Anjanvel and the forts of Rájpuri and Ráygad; Division of Sálshi among three claimants; Building of the fort of Bharatgad; Kolába the principal place of arms of the Marátha fleet; Moghal expedition against Vishálgad; Rapine and anarchy in the North Konkan; Captain Kidd the English pirate; Condition of the Konkan; Civil war amongst the Maráthás; Independence of Kánhoji Angria; Acknowledgment of the rights of the Maráthás by the Emperor of Delhi; War between Sátára and Kolhápur; First formal alliance between the Bombay Government and the Sidi; Breaking of the power of the Sidi and of Angria; Expulsion of the Portuguese; The Marátha State the chief power of the whole Konkan . . . . . 76-86

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Section VIII.—The A'ngria's.

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Tukáji; Kánhoji; Increase of his power; His enmity with the English, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the French; Sakhoji; Sambáji; Mánáji and Yesáji, the illegitimate brothers of Sambháji; Poshwa's help sought by Mánáji against Sambháji; Defeat of Sambháji's fleet by the English; Tuláji; English and Marátha expedition against Tuláji; Orme's account of the operations and his description of the equipment and manœuvres of the pirates; Confinement of Tuláji; Kolába branch of the Angria family; Mánáji; Extinction of the family; Lapse of the State . . . . . 87-96

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Section IX.—The Mara'tha's from the Fall of the A'ngria's to the Accession of Ba'jira'v (1756-1796).

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General condition of the country; Period of peacefulness and prosperity; Arrangements of the Maráthás for the defence of their new possessions; Their treatment of their subjects other than Hindus; State of the district between Bombay and Gheria; Marátha operations against Janjira; Character of Mádhávráv; Revenue management; Accession of Náráyanráv; Reduction of Ráygad; Appointment of British envoy at Poona to obtain the cession of Sálsette Bassein and the islands of Bombay harbour; Capture of Sálsette with its dependencies; Cession of Sálsette by Raghunáthráv; Sea fight off Gheria; The pretended Sadáshiv Bháu; Intrigue of the French adventurer St. Lubin; Raghunáthráv in the ascendant; Engagement between him and the Bombay Government; Negotiations of 1779; Active operations; Army advances from Gujarát to the Konkan; Surrender of Bassein and reduction of Arnála; March of the English army up the Gháts to threaten Poona; Appointment of Residents at Belápur, Kalyán, and Karanja; Treaty of Sálbye (1782); Piracy on the coast; The Angriás and Sidis; The Málvan district overrun by the Kolhápur troops; A few other facts . . . . . 97-109

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Section X.—The Reign of Ba'jira'v and the British Conquest (1796).

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Flight of Nána Phadnavis to the Konkan; Treaty of Mahád; Accession of Bájiráv; The banditti; Flight of Bájiráv from Poona; An English vessel sent to Bánkot to take Bájiráv to Bombay; Bájiráv at Bassein; Treaty of Bassein; The famine of 1802-3; The Pirates; Loose system of government; The pretended Chatursing and the Rámoshis; The Pendháris; Trimbakji Dengla's confinement in and escape from Thána jail; Treaty of Poona and the cession of the North Konkan to the English; Flight of the Peshwa; Reduction of forts in the Southern Konkan; Examination of forts in the North Konkan. 110-119

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Section XI.—The English Establishments in the Konkan previous to 1818.

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History of the Konkan under British rule; Attempt to establish a factory at Dábhol; Bad character of the interlopers; Establishment of a factory at Rájápur; Pepper and cardamoms at Rájápur; Rájápur the oldest looking town in the Konkan; Its description; Acquisition of Bánkot; The French; The Dutch; Administration of Bánkot; State of Sálsette as described by Dr. Hové, Lord Valentia, and Bishop Heber; Revenue and judicial administration of Sálsette ... 120-124

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Section XII.—British Rule.

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Condition of the Konkan at the time of its acquisition; The system of farming out offices; Taxation; Poverty of the people; Plundering of villages; Condition of the Southern Konkan; Causes of depression in the condition of the people during the first years of British rule; Rights of the Marátha States; Kolis and other hill tribes of the North Konkan; Peaceable character of the Konkan; Thána and Ratnágiri the capitals of the North and South Konkans; Abolition of a great number of taxes; Roads; Improvements of the inland parts; The new assessment of Mr. J. M. Davies; Chief political events in the Konkan between 1820 and 1850; Condition of the Northern Konkan since 1850; Future prospects of the Konkan . . . . . 125-131

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HISTORY OF THE DEKKAN.

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INTRODUCTORY . . . . . i.-iv.

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Section I.—Etymology of the word "Dekkan" and its Denotation.

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Etymology of the word Dekkan; Denotation of the word Dekkan . . . . . 132-134

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Section II.—Settlement of the A'ryas in the Dekkan.

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Settlement of the A'ryas in the Dekkan; Vidarbha, the first Aryan province in the south; Dandakaranya the same as Maháráshtra; Panchavati; Complete subjugation of Maháráshtra by the A'ryas proved by the prevalent dialect of the country; Prákrit dialects; Partial subjugation of the country farther south . . . . . 135-137

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Section III.—Approximate date of the A'ryan Settlement in the Dekkan and notices of Southern India in Ancient Indian Literature and Inscriptions.

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The A'ryas acquainted with Northern India in the time of the Aitareya Bráhmana and also in Pánini's time; Southern India unknown in all likelihood in Pánini's time; Southern India known to Kátyáyana but unknown to Pánini; Patañjali intimately acquainted with Southern India; Chronological relations between Kátyáyana and Patañjali, and between Kátyáyana and Pánini; The A'ryas penetrated to the Dekkan after the beginning of about the seventh century B.C.; Chronological value of the epics; Places in the Dekkan alluded to in the poems; Names of peoples in the Dekkan in the inscriptions of A'soka; Etymology of the name Maháráshtra; The occurrence of the names Maháratthi, Mahárattha, and Maháráshtra in books and inscriptions . . . . . 138-145

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Section IV.—Political History of the Dekkan or Maha'rashtra. Analysis of the Historical Inscriptions in the Cave Temples of Western India.

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Extent of the dominions of Chandragupta and A'soka; Vidarbha, a separate kingdom in the time of Sungas; Paithan the capital of a kingdom; Inscriptions of king Krishna and others of the Sátaváhana race at Násik and Nánághát; U'shavadáta's principal inscription at Násik: His other inscriptions;

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Inscriptions of Gotamīputra, Śātakarṇi and Puḷumāyi at Nāśik; Charter of Puḷumāyi; Charters of Gotamīputra and of his wife; Private inscriptions containing Puḷumāyi's name; Relations between the kings and queens mentioned in the inscriptions in Gotamī's cave; Mādharīputra; Yajña Śrī; Chatarapaṇa; Names of princes on coins found at Kolhāpur; Names of princes on the Supārā coin; Chaturapaṇa in a Kāṇheri inscription ... ... ... 146-154

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Section V.—Native and Foreign Princes mentioned in the Inscriptions. Identification of the former with the Andhrabhṛityas of the Pura'ṇas.

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Nahapāna a Śaka; Śakas and Pahlavas overthrown by Gotamīputra; Purāṇic dynasties; The S'ātavāhanas of the inscriptions same as the Andhrabhṛityas of the Purāṇas ... ... ... 155-156

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Section VI.—Chronology of the Andhrabhṛityas or S'a'ta'va'hanas.

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The dynasty of Nahapāna not the same as that of the Satraps of Ujjayinī and Kāthiāvād; Ptolemy's Siro Polemios the same as Siri Puḷumāyi and his Baleocuros the same as Vilivāyakura; Beginning of Puḷumāyi's reign about 130 A.D.; Relations of Gotamīputra and his successors with Nahapāna; Chashtana, and Rudradāman; Dates of the Andhrabhṛityas as determined from the Purāṇic accounts; Duration of the Maurya, S'uṅga, Kāṇva, and Andhrabhṛitya dynasties; Two traditions about the duration of the Andhrabhṛitya dynasty, 456 and 300 years; The duration of the main branch of the family; Date of the accession and death of Gotamīputra; Date of the accession and death of the other princes mentioned in the inscriptions; Date of the accession and death of Puḷumāyi; Puḷumāyi's successors; Yajña S'rī; Mādharīputra Śakasena; Chaturapaṇa; Dates of the later S'ātavāhanas ... ... ... 157-168

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Section VII.—Political and Literary Traditions about the S'a'tava'hanas or S'a'liva'hanas.

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Śālivāhaṇa Śaka; Legend about Śālivāhaṇa; Śātavāhaṇa's name in connection with the Brihatkathā; Composition of the Kātantra grammar; Hāla's Saptaśatī; Kuntala Śātakarṇi ... 169-172

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Section VIII.—Religious, Social, and Economic condition of Maha'ra'shtra under the Andhrabhṛityas or S'a'ta'va'hanas.

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Founders of benefactions; Wandering Buddhist mendicants; Brāhmaṇism equally with Buddhism in a flourishing condition; Trade and commerce; Identification of towns and cities; Inland towns; Trade Guilds; Rate of Interest; Communication between different parts of the country ... ... ... 173-176

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Section IX.—Probable history of the period between the Extinction of the Andhrabhrityas and the Rise of the Cha'lukyas.

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Abhíras; Ráshtrakúṭas; Traikúṭakas ... ... ... 177 - 179

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Section X.—The Early Cha'lukyas.

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Legendary origin; Jayasimha the first prince; Ranarága; Pulakeśi I.; Kírtivarman; Mangalíśa; Death of Mangalíśa; Pulakeśi II.; Hwan Thsang's account; Vishnuvardhana; Jayasimha; Chandráditya; Áditya Varman; Sendraka race; Vikrámáditya I.; A branch of the Chálukya dynasty established in Southern Gujarát; A spurious Chálukya grant; Vinayáditya; Vijayáditya; Vikrámáditya II.; Kírtivarman II.; Overthrow of the Chálukyas; Jainism under the Chálukyas; Buddhism; Revival of Bráhmanism; Puránic gods; Cave architecture; Genealogy of the Early Chálukyas ... ... ... 180 - 193

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Section XI.—Ra'shtrakutas.

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Govinda I.; Karka I.; Indra II.; Dantidurga; Krishṇarája; Temple of S'iva at Elurá excavated at the orders of Krishṇarája; Govinda II.; Govinda III. or Jagattunga I.; S'arva or Amoghavarsha I.; Krishṇa II. or Ákálavarsha; Jagattunga; Indra III.; Amoghavarsha II.; Govinda IV.; Baddiga or Amoghavarsha III.; Krishṇa III. and Khoṭika; Kakkala or Karka II.; Overthrow of the Ráshtrakúṭas; Religion under the Ráshtrakúṭas; Krishṇa of the Ráshtrakúṭa race, the hero of the Kavirahasya; Balharás identified with the Ráshtrakúṭas; Genealogy of the Ráshtrakúṭas ... ... ... 194 - 210

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Section XII.—The Later Cha'lukyas.

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The later Chálukya dynasty, not a continuation of the earlier; A Chálukya prince mentioned in a Vedántic work; Tailapa's expeditions; Satyáśraya; Vikrámáditya I.; Jayasimha; Someśvara or Áhavamalla; Attack upon Dáhala and the southern countries; Sons of Áhavamalla; Vikrámáditya's military operations; Áhavamalla's death; Someśvara proclaimed king; Quarrels between the brothers; Submission of Jayakeśi of Goa to Vikrámáditya; Alliance with the Chola prince; Revolution in the Chola kingdom; Alliance between Rájiga and Someśvara II. against Vikrámáditya; Battle of Vikrámáditya with his brother and Rájiga; Coronation of Vikrámáditya; Reign of Vikrámáditya II.; Rebellion of Jayasimha, Vikrama's brother; Invasion of Vikrama's dominions by Vishnuvardhana; Vikrámáditya's patronage of learning; Vijñáneśvara; Someśvara III. or Bhúlokamalla; Someśvara's Abhilashitártha Chintámani; Date given in the Abhilashitártha Chintámani; Jagadekamalla; Tailapa II.; Ambitious designs of Vijjala; Assumption of supreme sovereignty by Vijjala; Someśvara IV.; Extinction of Chálukya power; A branch of the Chálukya family in Southern Konkan ... ... ... 211 - 224

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Section XIII.—The Kalachuris.

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Original seat of the Kalachuris or Haihaya family; A religious revolution at Kalyāna; The leader of the revolution; Basava; Basava's rebellion; Plans of Basava to murder the king; Account of the event according to the Basava Purāna; Jaina account; Chenna Basava's leadership; Sovideva; Samkama; Extinction of the Kalachuri dynasty; Religious and social condition of the people during the later Chālukya period; Buddhism; Jainism; Purānic religion; Codification of the civil and religious law; Genealogy of the Chālukya family between Vijayāditya and Tailapa as given in the Miraj grant of Jayasimha dated Śaka 946 ... ... ... 225-229

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Section XIV.—The Ya'davas of Devagiri.

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Early History. Genealogy of the Yādavas; Authorities; Dridhaprahāra, the founder of the family; Seunachandra I.; Seunadeśa; Seunachandra's successors; Bhillama II.; Bhillama III. son-in-law of Jayasimha; Seunachandra II. the ally of Vikramāditya II.; Successors of Seunachandra II.; Bhillama V. the founder of the Yādava empire; Seunachandra of Añjaneri; Approximate date of the foundation of the Yādava family; Genealogy of the early Yādavas or the Yādavas of Seunadeśa ... ... 230-236

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Section XV.—The Yada'vas of Devagiri.

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Later History. Ambitions projects of the Hoysala Yādavas; Vīra Ballāla; Rise of Bhillama; Foundation of Devagiri; Contests between the rivals; Jaitrapāla; Singhana; Singhana's invasions of Gujarāt; First invasion; Second invasion; Conquests in the south; Singhana's titles; Death of Jaitrapāla before his father Singhana; Krishna; Mahādeva; Conquest of Northern Konkan; Rāmachandra or Rāmadeva; Hemādri, the minister of Mahādeva and Rāmadeva; Hemādri's works; Chaturvarga Chintāmani and other works; Bopadeva; Hemādpant of the Marāthās; Jñaneśvara the Marāthā sadhu; Conquest of the country by the Musalmāns; Genealogy of the later Yādavas ... ... 237-252

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Section XVI.—The Sīla'ha'ras of Kolha'pur.

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Three branches of the Śilāhāra family; Tagara, the original seat of the family; The North Konkan branch; The South Konkan branch; The Kolhāpur branch; Jatiga the founder; Gandarāditya; Vijayārka; Bhoja II.; Approximate date of the foundation of the Kolhāpur branch; Religion of the Kolhāpur Śilāhāras; Genealogy of the Śilāhāras of Kolhāpur ... 253-257

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*Appendix A.*—Note on the Gupta era ... ... ... 258-263 *Appendix B.*—Note on the Śaka dates and the years of the Bārhaspatya cycle occurring in the inscriptions ... ... 264-267 *Appendix C.*—Introduction to Hemādri's Vratakhanda Rājaprat-śasti I. and II . . . . . 268-275