[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency from the Earliest Historical Times to the Musalman Conquest](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882) › c8.s10 # The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency from the Earliest Historical Times to the Musalman Conquest c8.s10: Appendix C. Introduction to Hemadri's Vratakhanda The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency from the Earliest Historical Times to the Musalman Conquest c8.s10 - **Language:** English ### Appendix C. Introduction to Hemadri's Vratakhanda ### [c8.s10.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.2) In the critical notes D. represents the MS. in the Dekkan College Library, No. 234 of A. 1881-82; D 2. another recently added to the collection; S. the MS. belonging to the old Sanskrit College, No. 657; Kh. the MS. belonging to Khâsgivâle, and G.the MS. procured by Gaṅgâdhar Śâstrî Dâtâr. See Section XIV., first page, note 2. ### [c8.s10.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.3) \* श्रीगोपालमपारवैभवभवस्वच्छन्दलीलालयं सान्द्रस्निग्धतमालकोमलदलश्यामाभिरामाकृतिम् । कूजत्कोकिलकामिनीकलरवप्रोल्लासिगोपाङ्गना- गीतस्फीतपवित्रचित्रचरितत्रातं नमस्कुर्महे ॥ १ ॥ उन्मीलत्कमनीयकान्तिसरसीमध्ये विबुद्धप्रभं सारासारविचारचारुमनसा हंसेन संसेवितम् । नित्यानन्दपरागतसुभगं वन्दारुवृन्दारक- श्रेणीभङ्गमनुडवैरिरचिरम्भोदजद्वयं पातु वः ॥ २ ॥ ### [c8.s10.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.4) \* These two stanzas exist only in a mutilated form in S. and D 2, but they occur fully in D. and Kh. which contain the shorter Praśasti. In G., which contains both the Praśasti mixed together, they occur at the head of the shorter one, so that they appear to belong to the latter rather than to the other. ### [c8.s10.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.5) ¹ सङ् for भङ् D. Kh. ### [c8.s10.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.6) ² न for वः D. Kh. ### [c8.s10.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.7) Râjapraśasti I. ### [c8.s10.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.8) जीयान्नूतनभूतसर्गसमयाविर्भावसंभावना- तुयत्तल्पभुजङ्गपुङ्गवशिरःश्रेणीस्तर्वन्दितः । कल्पान्तोपरमेषु नाभिकमले.मोहामसामस्वर- स्वैरोच्चारणचारणायितविधिव्याधृतनिद्रो हरिः ॥ १ ॥ अस्ति प्रशस्तं पुरुषोत्तमस्य शय्यागृहं क्षीरमयं पयोधिः । यदीयपीयूषरसायनेन स्वलोकभाजामजरामरत्वम् ॥ २ ॥ संतानचिन्तामणिकामधेनुकल्पद्रुमश्रीजननैर्हेतोः । सिन्धोरुष्माणमुदमुदमन्दनिस्दमानामृतबिन्दुरिन्दुः ॥ ३ ॥ ततस्तनूर्ज विबुधप्रधानं बुधं सुधादीधितिरप्यसूत । बभूव तस्मादथ चक्रवर्ती पुरूरवाः पुण्यपथानुवर्ती ॥ ४ ॥ अभजत जनमस्मादायुरायुः प्रजानां नघषपदनिदानं ज्योतिरासीत्ततोपि । ### [c8.s10.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.9) ¹ जायान्तू० S. जीवन्तू० G. ### [c8.s10.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.10) ² ०न्नल्प० S. ### [c8.s10.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.11) ³ ०तुलप० G. ### [c8.s10.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.12) ⁴ ०मानो G. ### [c8.s10.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.13) ⁵ मानी S. ### [c8.s10.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.14) ⁶ प्रतापं for प्रधानं G. ### [c8.s10.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.15) ⁷ र वा० for पथा० S, D2. ### [c8.s10.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.16) ⁸ ०त जन S, D2, जसि G. for जनि० ### [c8.s10.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.17) नृपतिरथ ययातिः ख्यातिमानप्यपुष्पा- ### [c8.s10.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.18) दयमपि यदुमूर्तै कीर्तिमाविश्चकार ॥ ५ ॥ यदोर्दोषविशदैर्येाभिरभिशोभितः अन्ववायः स एवायमवाप यदुवंशताम् ॥ ६ ॥ ततः क्रोष्टा तस्मादजनि वृजिनिवानपि नृप- २ स्ततो जज्ञे राज्ञः क्षितिपतिरह स्वाहित इति । नृशङस्तपुत्रः समभवदथो चित्ररथ इ- कु त्यतो जातः स्यातः स किल शशबिन्दुरनृपतिः ॥ ७ ॥ ततः पृथुश्रवा वीरस्तदनन्तरमन्तरः । ततः सुयज्ञ उश्नाः सितयुरिति च क्रमात् ॥ ८ ॥ सूनुतस मरुत्त इत्युपमः प्रोद्दामदोर्विक्रम- ३ स्तस्मात्कम्बलबर्हिरुज्ज्वलयशःप्रक्षालितक्षमातलः । एतस्मादुदियाय रुक्मकवचस्तस्मात्पराजिन्त्रप- ४ स्तस्माद्धुरितरंगमेधसुकृती राजाजनि ज्यामयः ॥ ९ ॥ ततो विदभैः कृथकुन्तिवृष्णिनिवृत्तितसंज्ञाः परतो दशार्हः । ५ व्योमा च जीमूत इति क्रमेण जाता नरेन्द्रा विकृतित्व वीरः ॥ १० ॥ तदतु भीमरथः पृथिवीपतिर्नवरथस्ततो रथिनां वरः । दशरथः शकुनिश्च करम्भिरित्युपदिर्शन्ति पुराणपरायणाः ॥ ११ ॥ ६ देवराजस्ततः श्रीमान्देवक्षेत्रस्ततो मधुः । ७ ततः कुरुबलो राजा पुरुहोत्रः क्रमादभूत् ॥ १२ ॥ अथाधुरासीदथ सात्वतोऽथान्धकौस्माज्जमानसंज्ञः । ९ विदुरथस्ततपि शूरराशिः प्रतिक्षत्र इति क्षितीशः ॥ १३ ॥ बभूवाथ स्वयंभोजस्ततोपि हदिकोभवत् । असूत सोपि धर्मात्मा राजानं देवमीढुषम् ॥ १४ ॥ निश्र्विंशनिःशेषितवैरिपूरस्ततः क्षितिं पालयति स्म शूरः । ततोपि राजा वसुदेवनामा यो विश्वहेतोरपि हेतुरासीत् ॥ १५ ॥ वृन्दारवृन्दारकवृन्दमालिनदारमालासुरभीकृताङ्गिः । ११ आसीदपुष्पादसुरावतारभारापहराय पुरा मुरारिः ॥ १६ ॥ ### [c8.s10.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.19) १ मूर्तिः S. D २. मूर्ति G. २ स्याहित S. स्ताहित G. ३ यशाः S. G. ४ मेधि S. G. ५ व्योमावृ S. व्योमाय G. व्योमाछ D २. ६ देवरातः D २. ७ नाम for राजा G. ८ सत्वतो D २. ९ न्धकरमा G. S. १० So both MSS., also D 2. But there must be a mistake. The name of Śūra's son श्ोणि is disguised as राशि. Perhaps the reading is शूरशोणी. ११ पुरा मुरारिः S. पुरारिः D 2. ### [c8.s10.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.20) Appendix C. ### [c8.s10.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.21) बभूव प्रद्युम्नः किल कुसुमधन्वा मधुरिपो- स्त्रिलोकीवीरोसौ तनयमनिरुद्धं प्रसुषुवे । ततो भूतपक्षक्षपणनिपुणैिव महसा परिस्फूर्जन्वज्रः शतमखसखः प्रादुरभवत् ॥ १७ ॥ वज्रस्य सूनुः प्रतिबाहुरासीदासीकृतक्षमापतिचक्रवालः । ततोपि सम्राडभवत्सुबाहुः प्रासूत सोयं चतुरस्त्रंतनूजान् ॥ १८ ॥ तेन ते सार्वभौमेन तनया विनयान्विताः । विभज्य वसुधाचक्रं चक्रिरे पृथिवीश्वराः ॥ १९ ॥ यथाविभागं वसुधामशेषां तेषां तदा पालयतां चतुर्णां । दृढप्रहारी दिशि दक्षिणस्यां प्रभुर्वभूव प्रथमात्कनीयान् ॥ २० ॥ सर्वेपि पूर्वे मथुराधिनाथाः कृष्णादितो द्वारवतीश्वरास्ते । सुबाहुपोनोरथ दक्षिणशाप्रशासिनो यादववंशवीराः ॥ २१ ॥ ततः स राजा निजराजधानीमधिविष्टः श्रीनगरं गरीयः । लेभे सुतं सेउणचन्द्रसंज्ञं यत्संज्ञया सेउणदेशमाहुः ॥ २२ ॥ अथ धाडियसो महीपतितनयस्तस्य बभूव भिल्लमः । अजनिष्ट ततोपि राजेगिस्तदतु प्रादुरभूत्स बाहुगिः ॥ २३ ॥ जज्ञे धाडियमस्ततः प्रतिभटक्षमापालकालानल- स्तस्मादाविरभूदभूतविभवो भर्ता युवो भिल्लमः । एतस्मान्महसा महानिधिसौ श्रीवेसुगिर्ज्ञिान् हन्ता भीष्ममुंजोजसामसुहृदां तस्मादभूदर्जुनः ॥ २४ ॥ अजस्त्रमाविष्कृतदानवारिः प्रभूतहस्तार्चितदानवारिः । ततः स राजा विरराज राजश्रियौ विलासैजितराजराजः ॥ २५ ॥ आसीदिलासी नृपतेरमुष्मात्स भिल्लमः पञ्चवितोरुकीर्तिः । स बाहुगिः स्वादुगिरां कवीनां स्तोत्रैकपात्रं भवति स्म तस्मात् ॥ २६ ॥ ततो मही महीपालः पालयामास वसुभिः । संहतमोद्यदहामधामसामन्तसंततिः ॥ २७ ॥ ततोपि नृपभिल्लमः समरसीमभीमक्रिया- निरर्गलभुजार्गलायुगलकालीलालयः । ### [c8.s10.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.22) १ स्व for एव D 2. ### [c8.s10.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.23) २ परिस्फूर्जद्वज्रः S.; G. totally incorrect and there is a lacuna. D 2. has वज्युः for वन्य of S. ### [c8.s10.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.24) ३ The Puranic genealogy ends here. Subahu, however, is there called Sucharu. ### [c8.s10.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.25) ४ दायवतां D 2. ### [c8.s10.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.26) ५ राज्ञिस्तदतु D 2. ### [c8.s10.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.27) ६ स बाहुगिः S. सुबाहुगुणः G. ### [c8.s10.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.28) ७ This is the reading of S., D 2 and G. probably for धाडियस्. But the name according to Pandit Bhagvanlal's grant was धाडियप्प. ### [c8.s10.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.29) ८ S. and G. have a wrong and unintelligible reading here. ### [c8.s10.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.30) ९ पाव S. पावे G. for पात्रं. ### [c8.s10.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.31) १० The visarga is dropped in S. and G. ### [c8.s10.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.32) ११ संहत D 2. ### [c8.s10.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.33) THE DEKKAN. ### [c8.s10.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.34) ततः समदमेदिनीपतिपतङ्कभङ्कव्रतः प्रतापशिखिलङ्कितत्रिजगदङ्गणः सेउणः ॥ २८ ॥ ### [c8.s10.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.35) समुद्धतो येन महाभुजेन द्विषां विमर्दात्परमर्ददेवः । आस्थापि चालुक्यकुलप्रदीपः कल्याणराज्येपि स एव येन ॥ २९ ॥ ### [c8.s10.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.36) परमदेवः स ततो बभूव द्विप्रधूनैवनाम्बुवृष्टौ । प(ऐ) रम्मदेव रुचा चयेन यस्य प्रतापेन चिरं न्यराजि ॥ ३० ॥ ### [c8.s10.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.37) तस्मादनन्तरमनन्तभुजप्रतापः क्षोणीपतिः समभवत्स हि सिंहराजः । तस्यानुजस्तदनु भूवलयं वलीयानत्रायत त्रिजगतीविजयी स राजा ॥ ३१ ॥ ### [c8.s10.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.38) लज्जीपुरात्समानीय कर्पूरतिलकं गजम् । स कर्पूरवतं पूर्णमकरोत्परमर्दनः ॥ ३२ ॥ ### [c8.s10.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.39) तस्मादप्रतिभल्लोन्मल्लगीर्वल्लभः क्षितेः । उदजृम्भत जम्भारिर्भूरिदोर्दण्डचण्डिमा ॥ ३३ ॥ ### [c8.s10.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.40) आसाद्य सद्यः स्वनिवासहेतोः श्रीपर्णखेटं नगरं रिपुभ्यः । अहारि येनोत्कलभूपिपालादुन्मातदुष्टटा हठेन ॥ ३४ ॥ ### [c8.s10.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.41) तस्मादमर्गाङ्गेयः संबभूव भुवः पतिः । अथाविन्दत गोविन्दराजः साम्राज्यसंपदम् ॥ ३५ ॥ ### [c8.s10.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.42) ततो मल्ल्र्गिपुत्रोभूद्रपालोमरमल्ल्र्गिः । अथ कालीयवल्लालः पालयामास मेदिनीम् ॥ ३६ ॥ ### [c8.s10.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.43) महीपतेस्तस्य विहाय पुत्रान् गुणानुरक्ता यदुवंशलक्ष्मीः । श्रीभिल्लमं तस्य ततः पितृव्यमजरा जदुजमाजगाम ॥ ३७ ॥ ### [c8.s10.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.44) यः श्रीवर्धनमाससाद नगरं क्षोणीपतेरंतलात् यः प्रत्यण्डकभूप्रतं च समरे दुष्टं व्यजेष्ट क्षणात् । यो वा मङ्गलवेष्टकं क्षितिपतिं श्रीबिल्लणं जाग्रिवान् कल्याणश्रियमप्यवाप्य विदेधे यो होसलेशं व्यसं ॥ ३८ ॥ ### [c8.s10.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.45) ¹ S. G. have लंघितः त्रिजग० ### [c8.s10.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.46) ² समुद्धतो D 2. ### [c8.s10.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.47) ³ व्रता for घना S. G. ### [c8.s10.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.48) ⁴ Here S. ends, and the following is based on G. and D 2, of which the former is, as I have already observed, an extremely incorrect manuscript. ### [c8.s10.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.49) ⁵ प्रतापं G. ### [c8.s10.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.50) ⁶ सहि सिंहि G. ### [c8.s10.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.51) ⁷ This word in G. must be some mistake as it has no significance here. ### [c8.s10.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.52) ⁸ D 2. has नुयामु which also is a mistake. ### [c8.s10.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.53) ⁹ नन्दितः for मर्दनः G. ### [c8.s10.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.54) ¹⁰ S G. has मुल्गि० ### [c8.s10.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.55) ¹¹ सनिवास is सनिवाह in G. ### [c8.s10.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.56) ¹² आहारि D 2. ### [c8.s10.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.57) ¹³ पुंल्लागि D 2. ### [c8.s10.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.58) ¹⁴ लोपर०D 2. ### [c8.s10.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.59) ¹⁵ स D 2. for यः ### [c8.s10.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.60) ¹⁶ रंसलात् for रंतलात् G. ### [c8.s10.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.61) ¹⁷ वज्रिभं for बिल्लणं G. ### [c8.s10.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.62) ¹⁸ ग. has वसु and D 2. व्यसं for व्यसुं. ### [c8.s10.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.63) स दण्डिकामण्डलमण्डयित्रीमकम्पसंपत्प्रभवैर्विलासैः । चक्र पुरं देवगिरिं गिरीशप्रसादसंसादितदिव्यशक्तिः ॥ ३९ ॥ तदतु मदनमूर्तेः कात्तिकीचन्द्रसान्द्र- द्युतिविशदयशोभिः शोभिताशावकाशः । अभवदवनिपालो जैत्रपालः करालः प्रहरणरणरङ्गत्तुङ्गदुत्तङ्गखड्गः ॥ ४०॥ ### [c8.s10.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.64) दीक्षित्वा रणरङ्गदेवयजने प्रोदस्तशस्त्रस्रुवः श्रेणीभिर्जगतीपतीन्द्भुतवता येन प्रतापानले । तिष्ठङ्गाधिपतेः पशौर्विससनं रौद्रस्य रौद्राकृतेः कृत्वा पूरुषमेधयज्ञविधिना लब्धस्त्रिलोकविजयः ॥ ४१ ॥ तस्मादभूदभिनवस्मरचारुमूर्त्तिः कीर्त्तेः पदं स किल सिङ्गणदेवभूपः । उद्दण्डदोर्युगल गर्वितवैरिविर- सीमन्तिनीवदनकैरवचण्डभानुः ॥ ४२ ॥ ### [c8.s10.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.65) येनानीयत मत्तवारणघटा जज्जङ्गभूमिभृतः कक्लादवनीपतेरपहता येनाधिराज्याश्रियः । येन क्षोणीभृदर्जुनोपि बलिना नीतः कथाशेषतां येनोद्दामभुजेन भोजतृपतिः काराकुटुम्बीकृतः ॥ ४३ ॥ ### [c8.s10.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.66) यद्रम्भागिरिकेसरी विनिहतो लक्ष्मीधरः क्षमापति- र्यद्ग्राहवलिभिः प्रसभ्य रुरुधे धाराधराधीश्वरः । बल्लालक्षितिपालपालितभुवां सर्वापहारक्ष यः श्रीसिंहस्य महीपतेर्विजयते तद्लाललीलायितम् ॥ ४४ ॥ ### [c8.s10.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.67) कृष्णो महादेव इति प्रतीतौ जातौ ततः सिंहनृपस्य पौत्रौ । तयोस्तु पूर्वप्रभवः पुरस्तात् कृष्णोतिविख्यातमिदिष्टपोभूत ॥ ४५ ॥ ### [c8.s10.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.68) येनाकारि विशालवीसलचमूसंहारकालानले हेलोन्मूलितमूलराजसमरे निर्वीरमुर्वीतलम् । येनानेकमहालकत्कृतता संवर्ध्यमानोर्निशं क्षीणः कालवशात्पुनस्तरणतां धर्मोपि संप्रापितः ॥ ४६ ॥ ### [c8.s10.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.69) ¹ In the MSS. we have प्रसादमासादित०. ### [c8.s10.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.70) ² G. has विकाशः for अवकाशः. ### [c8.s10.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.71) ³ ररणं-गस्तुंगदुत्तंग. ### [c8.s10.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.72) ⁴ D 2. ### [c8.s10.73](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.73) ⁵ तच्छिंग in G. ### [c8.s10.74](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.74) ⁶ रौद्रस्य ought to be रुद्रस्य, unless the son of Rudradeva is meant. ### [c8.s10.75](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.75) ⁷ कीर्त्तिः for मूर्त्तिः. ### [c8.s10.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.76) ⁸ D. 2. ### [c8.s10.77](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.77) ⁹ This line is thus written in G. सीमंतिविनीदनकै-रवचंद्रभासान्; also in D 2. except त् for last न्. ### [c8.s10.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.78) ¹⁰ यद्धंगारिग G. ### [c8.s10.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.79) ¹¹ विनिक्रतो G. ### [c8.s10.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.80) ¹² लालित for पालित G. ### [c8.s10.81](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.81) ¹³ यद्धाल० G. ### [c8.s10.82](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.82) ¹⁴ क्षीगे G. ### [c8.s10.83](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.83) ततः कृष्णे राजन्यमरतहणीचामरमर- त्तटैस्तुङ्गं दिवि किमपि तेजः श्रितवति । परित्राता भूमेः समजनि जगज्जित्वरमहा महादेवः सेवारसिकसकलक्षमाभृतुतः ॥ ४७ ॥ ### [c8.s10.84](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.84) तिल्लङ्गाक्षितिपालतूलनिचयप्रक्षेपचण्डानिलो गर्जद्दुर्जरपर्वतभिदादम्भोलिदोर्विक्रमः । हेलोन्मूलितकौङ्कणक्षितिपतिः कर्णाटलोट्ट- क्षोणीपालविडम्बनः स हि महादेवः कथं वर्ण्यते ॥ ४८ ॥ ### [c8.s10.85](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.85) यो भोजदेवान्नृपतेः प्रतापी जग्राह वाहं मदमन्दसत्त्वः । सार्धं जनन्या सहजीवितेन सोमेश्वरस्यापि जहार राज्यम् ॥ ४९ ॥ ### [c8.s10.86](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.86) यदीयगन्धद्विपगण्डपालीनिष्टुतदानाम्बुतरङ्गिणीषु । सोमः समुद्रलवपेशलोपि ममज्ज सैन्यैः सह कुङ्‌गेशः ॥ ५० ॥ ### [c8.s10.87](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.87) सीमोल्लङ्घनमेव यस्य जगतः संहार इत्युच्यते कुङ्‌गे वज्रधरेपि यः क्षितिभृतां मैनाकमत्रायत । स्मारं स्मारममुष्य दुःखमहःसन्दोहादावानलं तेनाम्भोनिधिनापि कुङ्‌गपतिनाराशि कुक्षिस्थितः ॥ ५१ ॥ ### [c8.s10.88](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.88) बाहानामपि यस्य वैरिविषयेष्वात्तन्वतां धन्विना (ता?) मातिष्ठन्‌नृपपाण्डुताद्रुदिनं बाधदिलीलाभवत् । यस्तस्यैव रणे जहार करिनस्तत्पञ्चशब्दादिकान्‌ यस्तत्याज वधूवधादुपरतस्तद्‌भुजं रुद्रमाम् ॥ ५२ ॥ ### [c8.s10.89](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.89) Râjapraśasti II. ### [c8.s10.90](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.90) वंशो हिमांशोर्जयति प्रसिद्धो यस्मिन्स राजा यदुराविरासीत् । बभूव यस्मिन्सुरसावतारभारापहाराय पुरा मुरारिः ॥ ३ ॥ ### [c8.s10.91](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.91) वंशे तस्मिन्सविध्वंसनस क्षोणीपालो भिल्लमः प्रादुरासीत् । निन्ये नाशं वैरिभूपतङ्‌ग्यान्यस्थानैकदीपदीपः प्रतापः ॥ ४ ॥ ### [c8.s10.92](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.92) ¹ This महा is omitted in the MSS. since it is followed by another महा, and the copyists mistook the one for the other. The compound is to be dissolved as जगतो जित्वरं जगज्जित्वरम् । जगज्जित्वरं महो यस्य स जगज्जित्वरमहाः ### [c8.s10.93](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.93) ² चूल for तूल D 2. ### [c8.s10.94](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.94) ³ मदमन्दसत्त्वः which is also the reading of D. 2, as an epithet of Mahâdeva, involves censure instead of praise. The correct form of the word is, probably, मदमन्दसत्त्वात्, in which case it would be an epithet of Bhojadeva. ### [c8.s10.95](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.95) ⁴ After this follow stanzas 14 and 19 of the next Praśasti in D 2. ### [c8.s10.96](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.96) नमीभवत्सकलराजसमाजमौलीमणिक्यदीधितिविबोधितपादपद्मः । उद्दामदर्परिपुपर्वविहङ्गराजः श्रीभिल्लमादवनिभोजनि जैत्रपालः ॥ ५ ॥ ### [c8.s10.97](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.97) तस्मादभूदभिनवस्मरचारुमूर्तिः कीर्तेः पदं जगति सिद्धणदेवभूपः । उद्दण्डदोर्युगलर्जितवैरिवर्गसीमन्तिनीवदनकैरवचण्डभानुः ॥ ६ ॥ ### [c8.s10.98](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.98) अथ सकलकलानामालयः पालनाय क्षितितलमवतीर्णः पौर्णमासीशशीव । अभवदवनिपालो जैतुगिर्नाम तस्मादसमसमरधीरद्विषम्पालकालः ॥ ७ ॥ ### [c8.s10.99](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.99) स भूमिपालो जनयांबभूव कृष्णं महादेवमहीपतिं च । हिताय लोकस्य यथा पयोधिधन्वामनि कौस्तुभमप्युदारम् ॥ ८ ॥ ### [c8.s10.100](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.100) जन्मान्तरेत्थं परिवर्तयन्तौ ज्येष्ठ्यावरत्वं किल कौतुकेन कृतावतारौ यदुराजवंशे प्रीता पुनस्ताविह रामकृष्णौ ॥ ९ ॥ ### [c8.s10.101](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.101) धर्माधिविव तौ साक्षात्पालयन्तौ वसुंधराम् । विलोक्य लोकः स्मसार राजानौ रामलक्ष्मणौ ॥ १० ॥ ### [c8.s10.102](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.102) ह्यप्यहारणवाजिवारणश्रोणीषु जित्वा बहून् दासीकृत्य तथापरान्विहितवान्नरण्यौकसः । इत्थं पार्थिवराजराजिविजयव्यापारपारंगत- श्चके शकजयाय कृष्णनृपतिः स्वर्गलोकयात्रागतम् ॥ ११ ॥ ### [c8.s10.103](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.103) अथ प्रभावातिशयेन लब्धं विभज्य लोकद्वितयाधिपत्यम् । त्रिविष्टपं शासति कृष्णभूपे भुवं महादेवन्ृपः प्रशास्ति ॥ १२ ॥ ### [c8.s10.104](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.104) तैलङ्गक्षितिपालतूलनिचयप्रक्षेपपञ्चानिलो गर्जद्दुर्जरगर्वपर्वतभिदादम्भोलिदोर्विक्रमः । हेलोन्मूलितकौङ्कणक्षितिपतिः कर्णाटलाटोद्भट- क्षोणीपालविडम्बनः स हि महादेवः कथं वर्ण्यते ॥ १३ ॥ ### [c8.s10.105](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.105) अयं शिशुस्त्रीशरणागतानां हन्ता महादेवपतो न जातु । इत्थं विनिश्चित्य ततोतिभितैरन्ध्रैः पुरन्ध्री निहिता नृपत्वे ॥ १४ ॥ ### [c8.s10.106](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.106) अत एव हि मालवेश्वरः शिशुमेव स्वपदे न्यवेशयत् । स्वयमाशु विहाय संपदः कपटेनैव चिरं तपस्यति ॥ १५ ॥ ### [c8.s10.107](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.107) विषमसमरकर्तुः शत्रवो यस्य पाणौ प्रलयदहनधूमश्यामधामातिभीमम् । पृथुतरकरवालव्यालमालोकयन्तो भव शरणमितीमं मन्त्रमुच्चारयन्ति ॥ १६ ॥ ### [c8.s10.108](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.108) १ युंगल Kh. २ चन्द्रभानुः D. & Kh. चण्डभात: G. ३ यात्रां गतः Kh. ४ तल्लिग Kh. & G. ५ प्रोत्क्षेप Kh. क्षेप G. ६ चंडानिलो Kh. & G. ७ ०लाटोद्भवक्षोणी० Kh. ०लाटोद्भवः क्षोणी G. ८ इत्थं विनिश्चिन्त्यतो विभीतरान्ध्रैः Kh. विनिश्चिन्त्य D. ९ हिमाचलेश्वरं G. १० न पश्यति for तपस्यति G. ११ पाणेः Kh. ### [c8.s10.109](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.109) यदीयगन्धद्विपगण्डपालीनिष्यूतदानाम्बुतराङ्गिणीषु सोमः समुद्रप्लपेशलोपि ममज्ज सैन्यैः सह कुण्ड्रेशः ॥ १७ ॥ ### [c8.s10.110](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.110) एतत्प्रतापो बहिरम्बुराशेर्व्वोन्तरप्यस्ति कृतः प्रयामि । चिरं विमुश्येति यदीयवैरी सोमेश्वरो वाडवमेव यातः ॥ १८ ॥ ### [c8.s10.111](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.111) आस्ते मण्डितदण्डकापरिसरः श्रीसेउणारख्यः परं देशः पेशलवेशभूषणवचोमाधुर्यधुर्याकृतिः । तस्मिन्देवरिः पुरी विजयते त्रैलोक्यसारश्रिया विश्रान्तिः सुरशालिशैलशिखरस्पर्धेष्णसौधावलिः ॥ १९ ॥ ### [c8.s10.112](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.112) जगत्त्रयीगीतगुणप्रशस्तिः शास्ता समस्तावनि मण्डलस्य । श्रीमानिमामन्वयराजधानीं सोयं महादेवटपो विभर्ति ॥ २० ॥ ### [c8.s10.113](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.113) कुर्व्वन्भुतिविस्तारैरिलावृतसमभ्रियम् । अधितिष्ठति हेमाद्रिमां विबुधवान्धवः ॥ २१ ॥ ### [c8.s10.114](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.114) सा संपत्तदिदं यशो बलमिदं सोयं प्रतापो महा- नैकेकं पृथिवीभृतो भुवि महादेवस लोकोत्तरम् । यस्य श्रीकरणाधिपः स्वयमयं हेमाद्रिसूरिः पुरः प्रौढप्रातिभवर्ण्यमानविलसद्वंशो भृशं शोभते ॥ २२ ॥ ### [c8.s10.115](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.115) इतिराजप्रशस्तिः ॥ ### [c8.s10.116](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.116) १ सौन्यैः G. २ ०राशेरन्तः पुरोप्यस्ति कृतः प्रयामि D. प्रयासि Kh. ३ सेवलाख्यः D. सेवणारख्यः Kh. The middle letter of the name in G. looks somewhat like ठ, but there is little question that the copyist had उ before him and made it appear like ठ by producing the nether curve and making its end touch the knot of उ. ४ स्पर्धालु D. ५ तस्य D 2. ६ अहं for अर्थं D 2. ### [c8.s10.117](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.117) the \*Goths\*, the \*Vandals\*, the \*Suevi\*, the \*Burgundians\*, the \*Alani\*, the \*Huns\*, the \*Franks\*, the \*Saxons\*, the \*Thuringians\*, the \*Rugians\*, and the \*Heruli\*. The names of these tribes are familiar to the reader, but their origin, their migrations, and their settlements are involved in the deepest obscurity. The most probable opinion is that they were all of German or Scythian extraction, and that they had been driven from their native seats by the pressure of the Huns, a formidable nation of Tartars, who had crossed the Volga and the Tanais, and were advancing with rapid strides towards the frontiers of the Roman empire. ### [c8.s10.118](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.118) The first of these nations that crossed the Danube was the \*Goths\*. They were divided into two great branches, the \*Visigoths\* or Western Goths, and the \*Ostrogoths\* or Eastern Goths. The Visigoths, under the conduct of Fritigern, implored the protection of the emperor Valens, and were permitted to settle in the province of Thrace. But the perfidy of the Roman governors, and the insolence of the Roman soldiers, soon provoked them to rebellion. They defeated the imperial armies, and Valens himself perished in the battle of Hadrianople. ### [c8.s10.119](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.119) The death of Valens was followed by the accession of Theodosius, who, by his wisdom and valour, restored the discipline of the Roman legions, and compelled the Goths to accept a peace, which was rather a truce than a permanent settlement. The Goths, however, remained in the heart of the empire, and their presence was a constant source of danger and alarm. They were no longer the rude barbarians who had first crossed the Danube; they had learned the arts of war and the policy of the Romans, and they were ready to take advantage of any opportunity to assert their independence. ### [c8.s10.120](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.120) The reign of Theodosius was the last period of the glory of the Roman empire. After his death, the empire was divided between his two sons, Arcadius and Honorius. Arcadius reigned in the East, and Honorius in the West. The division was fatal to the interests of the state. The two brothers were weak and indolent, and they were governed by their ministers and favourites. The Goths, under the command of Alaric, took advantage of the weakness of the government, and invaded Italy. They besieged and took Rome, and the eternal city, which had for so many centuries been the mistress of the world, was plundered by the barbarians. ### [c8.s10.121](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.121) The fall of Rome was a shock to the whole civilized world. It was the end of an era, and the beginning of a new and darker age. The Goths, after the death of Alaric, retired from Italy, and settled in Gaul and Spain, where they founded kingdoms which were destined to last for several centuries. The Vandals, under the command of Genseric, crossed into Africa, and established a powerful kingdom, which for a time threatened the security of the Mediterranean. The Franks, under the command of Clovis, conquered Gaul, and laid the foundations of the French monarchy. The Saxons, under the command of Hengist and Horsa, invaded Britain, and established the kingdoms of the Heptarchy. ### [c8.s10.122](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.122) OF THE ### [c8.s10.123](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.123) BOMBAY PRESIDENCY ### [c8.s10.124](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.124) FROM THE ### [c8.s10.125](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.125) EARLIEST HISTORICAL TIMES ### [c8.s10.126](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.126) TO THE ### [c8.s10.127](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.127) MŪSALMAN CONQUEST OF A.D. 1318. ### [c8.s10.128](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.128) BY ### [c8.s10.129](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.129) JOHN FAITHFULL FLEET, Ph.D., C.I.E., Of H. M.’s Indian Civil Service; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Member of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society; Member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal; Corresponding Member of the Royal Society of Science, Göttingen; Fellow of the University of Bombay. ### [c8.s10.130](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.130) BOMBAY: PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS. ### [c8.s10.131](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.131) the \*Goths\*, the \*Vandals\*, the \*Suevi\*, the \*Burgundians\*, the \*Alani\*, the \*Huns\*, the \*Franks\*, the \*Saxons\*, the \*Thuringians\*, the \*Rugians\*, and the \*Heruli\*. The names of these tribes are familiar to the reader, but their origin, their migrations, and their settlements are involved in the deepest obscurity. The most probable opinion is that they were all of German or Scythian extraction, and that they had been driven from their native seats by the pressure of the Huns, a formidable nation of Tartars, who had crossed the Volga and the Tanais, and were advancing with rapid strides towards the frontiers of the Roman empire. ### [c8.s10.132](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.132) The first of these nations that crossed the Danube was the \*Goths\*. They were divided into two great branches, the \*Visigoths\* or Western Goths, and the \*Ostrogoths\* or Eastern Goths. The Visigoths, under the conduct of Fritigern, implored the protection of the emperor Valens, and were permitted to settle in the province of Thrace. But the perfidy of the Roman governors, and the insolence of the Roman soldiers, soon provoked them to rebellion. They defeated the imperial armies, and Valens himself perished in the battle of Hadrianople. ### [c8.s10.133](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.133) The death of Valens was followed by the accession of Theodosius, who, by his wisdom and valour, restored the discipline of the Roman legions, and compelled the Goths to accept a peace, which was rather a truce than a permanent settlement. The Goths, however, remained in the heart of the empire, and their presence was a constant source of danger and alarm. They were no longer the rude barbarians who had first crossed the Danube; they had learned the arts of war and the policy of the Romans, and they were ready to take advantage of any opportunity to assert their independence. ### [c8.s10.134](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.134) The reign of Theodosius was the last period of the glory of the Roman empire. After his death, the empire was divided between his two sons, Arcadius and Honorius. Arcadius reigned in the East, and Honorius in the West. The division was fatal to the interests of the state. The two brothers were weak and indolent, and they were governed by their ministers and favourites. The Goths, under the command of Alaric, took advantage of the weakness of the government, and invaded Italy. They besieged and took Rome, and the eternal city, which had for so many centuries been the mistress of the world, was plundered by the barbarians. ### [c8.s10.135](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.135) The fall of Rome was a shock to the whole civilized world. It was the end of an era, and the beginning of a new and darker age. The Goths, after the death of Alaric, retired from Italy, and settled in Gaul and Spain, where they founded kingdoms which were destined to last for several centuries. The Vandals, under the command of Genseric, crossed into Africa, and established a powerful kingdom, which for a time threatened the security of the Mediterranean. The Franks, under the command of Clovis, conquered Gaul, and laid the foundations of the French monarchy. The Saxons, under the command of Hengist and Horsa, invaded Britain, and established the kingdoms of the Heptarchy. ### [c8.s10.136](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.136) CHAPTER I. The Early Dynasties . . . . . 277 The Naḷas . . . . . 282 The Mauryas . . . . . 282 The Kadambas . . . . . 285 The Sêndrakas . . . . . 292 The Kaṭachchuris or Kalachuris . . . . . 293 The Western Gaṅgas . . . . . 297 The Âḷupas . . . . . 309 The Lâṭas . . . . . 309 The Mâḷavas . . . . . 311 The Gurjaras . . . . . 312 The Pallavas . . . . . 316 Some detached names . . . . . 333 II. The Western Chalukyas of Bâdâmi . . . . . 335 III. The Râshṭrakûṭas of Mâlkheḍ . . . . . 382 IV. The Western Châlukyas of Kalyâṇi . . . . . 426 V. The Kaḷachuryas of Kalyâṇi . . . . . 468 VI. The Hoysaḷas of Dôrasamudra . . . . . 490 VII. Yâdavas of Dêvagiri . . . . . 511 VIII. The Great Feudatory Families . . . . . 535 The 'Siḷâhâras of the Southern Konkaṇ ... ... ... 535 The 'Siḷâhâras of the Northern Konkaṇ ... ... ... 538 The 'Siḷâhâras of Karâḍ . . . . . 544 The Raṭṭas of Saundatti . . . . . 549 The Kâdambas of Hâṅgal . . . . . 558 The Kâdambas of Goa . . . . . 564 The Sindas of Yelburga . . . . . 572 The Guttas of Guttal . . . . . 578 the \*Goths\*, the \*Vandals\*, the \*Suevi\*, the \*Burgundians\*, the \*Alani\*, the \*Huns\*, the \*Franks\*, the \*Saxons\*, the \*Thuringians\*, the \*Rugians\*, and the \*Heruli\*. The names of these tribes are familiar to the reader, but their origin, their migrations, and their settlements are involved in the deepest obscurity. The most probable opinion is that they were all of German or Scythian extraction, and that they had been driven from their native seats by the pressure of the Huns, a formidable nation of Tartars, who had crossed the Volga and the Tanais, and were advancing with rapid strides towards the frontiers of the Roman empire. ### [c8.s10.137](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.137) The first of these nations that crossed the Danube was the \*Goths\*. They were divided into two great branches, the \*Visigoths\* or Western Goths, and the \*Ostrogoths\* or Eastern Goths. The Visigoths, under the conduct of Fritigern, implored the protection of the emperor Valens, and were permitted to settle in the province of Thrace. But the perfidy of the Roman governors, and the insolence of the Roman soldiers, soon provoked them to rebellion. They defeated the imperial armies, and Valens himself perished in the battle of Hadrianople. ### [c8.s10.138](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.138) The death of Valens was followed by the accession of Theodosius, who, by his wisdom and valour, restored the discipline of the Roman legions, and compelled the Goths to accept a peace, which was rather a truce than a permanent settlement. The Goths, however, remained in the heart of the empire, and their presence was a constant source of danger and alarm. They were no longer the rude barbarians who had first crossed the Danube; they had learned the arts of war and the policy of the Romans, and they were ready to take advantage of any opportunity to assert their independence. ### [c8.s10.139](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.139) The reign of Theodosius was the last period of the glory of the Roman empire. After his death, the empire was divided between his two sons, Arcadius and Honorius. Arcadius reigned in the East, and Honorius in the West. The division was fatal to the interests of the state. The two brothers were weak and indolent, and they were governed by their ministers and favourites. The Goths, under the command of Alaric, took advantage of the weakness of the government, and invaded Italy. They besieged and took Rome, and the eternal city, which had for so many centuries been the mistress of the world, was plundered by the barbarians. ### [c8.s10.140](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.140) The fall of Rome was a shock to the whole civilized world. It was the end of an era, and the beginning of a new and darker age. The Goths, after the death of Alaric, retired from Italy, and settled in Gaul and Spain, where they founded kingdoms which were destined to last for several centuries. The Vandals, under the command of Genseric, crossed into Africa, and established a powerful kingdom, which for a time threatened the security of the Mediterranean. The Franks, under the command of Clovis, conquered Gaul, and laid the foundations of the French monarchy. The Saxons, under the command of Hengist and Horsa, invaded Britain, and established the kingdoms of the Heptarchy. ### [c8.s10.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.141) No authentic work of a definite historical character, written by the ancient inhabitants of Western India, has ever yet come to light. But, in the inscriptions on copper-plates and stone-tablets, on monumental stones, the pedestals of idols, the walls and pillars of temples, and rocks, there have come down to us, particularly in the Kanarese country, a large number of original historical records of the most important kind. And in these records, which, chiefly engraved for the purpose of registering some grant to a priest, temple, or religious community, or of commemorating the death of some hero in battle, usually name the reigning king, with more or less information about his ancestors and predecessors, and are generally dated in his regnal year or in one or other of the Hindû eras, there exist abundant materials for compiling a detailed and connected history of the greater part of the Bombay Presidency and of the neighbouring territories of Madras, Mysore, and Haidarâbâd, from about the middle of the sixth to the end of the sixteenth century A. D., and, at the same time, for illustrating the development of the modern forms of the alphabets, and, in the Kanarese country, of the vernacular language,¹ and the decay of old and the growth of new forms of religion, the origin of many of the different land-tenures and territorial divisions that now exist, and many other subjects of political, historical, and antiquarian interest and importance. The title which I have given to my book may, indeed, seem rather to limit the results of the researches into these records to the southernmost parts of the Presidency. But I am not prepared to deal now with the history of Kâthiâwâd and northern Gujarât. For the rest of the Presidency, the dynasties which possessed it, one after the other, all had their chief seats of government in, or close to the borders of, the Kanarese country, and were identified specially with the Kanarese provinces as the most important parts of their dominions. And the title that I have selected will serve the purpose as well as any other, until we come hereafter to deal with the ancient history of India on a more comprehensive plan than has ever yet been aimed at. ### [c8.s10.142](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.142) ¹ In defining the limits of the Kanarese language, Sir Walter Elliot said (\*Jour. R. As. Soc.\*, F. S., Vol. IV. p. 3; and \*Madras Jour. of Lit. and Science\*, Vol. VII. p. 195) that "the boundary of the Kanarese tongue on the west and north may be designated by a line drawn from Sadâshivagad" (Kârwâr), "on the Malabâr coast, to the westward of Dhârwâr, Belgaum, and Hukkêri, through Kâgal and Kurundwâd, passing between Kelgaon and Paudegaon, through Brahmapurî on the Bhîma, and Sholâpur, and thence east, to the neighbourhood of Bidar." This, however, wrongly excludes Kolhâpur. — Bidar, in the Nizâm's Dominions, is about fifty miles east of Kalyâni, and about sixty miles to the north by east of Mâlkhêd. As regards Sholâpur, which now counts officially as a Marâthî district, Kanarese is still, to a great extent, the vernacular in the south-east corner of it. And there are Kanarese inscriptions of the Western Châlukya, Kalachurya, and Dêvagiri-Yâdava kings, of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and some later ones, at Sholâpur itself, and at Kûdal and Môhol in that district, and at Karajgî, Kûdal, and Tadwal in the Akalkôt State. — In official language, three out of the four recognised Kanarese districts of this Presidency, viz. the Belgaum, Bijâpur, and Dhârwâr Collectorates are, together with the Kolhâpur, Miraj, and other Native States, always called the "Southern Marâthâ Country." A more misleading appellation, however it originated, could not well have been devised. It is true that, in one of the earliest inscriptions, of Pulikêsin II., this part of the country is included in what was known then, and even many centuries before his time, as Mahârâshtra. But this term, meaning literally "the great country," does not inherently imply any of the racial and linguistic peculiarities which are now naturally attached to the terms Marâthâ and Marâthî, derived from it. In the whole area of the so-called Southern Marâthâ Country, not a single Marâthî inscription has been discovered, of a greater age than two or three centuries. With the exception that two Prâkrit records have been obtained at Banawâsi in North Kanara and 'Malavali' in Mysore, and that a few Prâkrit words occur here and there in other records, the inscriptions are all either in pure Sanskrit or pure Kanarese, or in the two languages combined. This fact speaks of itself, as to what the vernacular of the country was in early times. In the present day, the people and the language of the British districts are essentially Kanarese; and the Kanarese people and language have been displaced, to a certain extent, by the Marâthî people and language in the Native States, only because those States were established by the aggressions of Marâthâs from ### [c8.s10.143](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.143) The first systematic collection of copies of these inscriptions was made by Sir Walter Elliot, K.C.S.I., who, when in the Madras Civil Service, was employed for a long time in the Kanarese districts. Besides a large number of facsimile impressions of copper-plate grants, he compiled manuscript copies of no less than five hundred and ninety-five stone-tablet inscriptions from the Kanarese country alone and in the Sanskrit and Kanarese languages, in addition to a large number of others from the Telugu country and in the Telugu language. The results of his labours were published in his paper on \*Hindu Inscriptions\*, which appeared first in the \*Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society\*, First Series, Vol. IV. p. 1 ff., and was afterwards reprinted, with corrections and additions, in the \*Madras Journal of Literature and Science\*, Vol. VII. p. 193 ff. One copy of his collection of inscriptions from the Kanarese country, in two volumes entitled \*Carnátaka-Désa Inscriptions\*, was presented to the library of the Edinburgh University; and another copy of it was given to the Royal Asiatic Society, London.¹ And his collection of original copper-plate charters was presented, on his death, to the British Museum. The voluminous contents of the manuscript compilations by him have as yet only very partially been made public. ### [c8.s10.144](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.144) ¹ My references are to the copy belonging to the library of the Edinburgh University. But probably the paging will be found to be the same in the copy that is in the Royal Asiatic Society's library.—I believe that there were also two other copies of this collection; but, what became of them, I do not know. ### [c8.s10.145](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.145) In 1865, the Mysore Government published a photographic collection of one hundred and fifty inscriptions on stone-tablets and copper-plates at Chitaldurg, Balagânve, Harihar, and other places in Mysore, from negatives taken by Major Dixon, H. M.'s 22nd Regiment, M. N. I. And, in 1866, Sir Theodore Hope, K.C.S.I., then in the Bombay Civil Service, edited for, and at the cost of, the Committee of Architectural Antiquities of Western India, under the title of \*Inscriptions in Dharwar and Mysore\*, a series of sixty-four photographic ### [c8.s10.146](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.146) the north, whose local influence proved to be greater than that of the native rulers whom they dispossessed. Even in those Native States, and in Marâthi official correspondence, the Political Agent at Kolhâpur is, to the present day, always addressed as the Political Agent, not of the "Dakshina-Mahârâshtra" or "Southern Marâthâ Country," but of the "Kâravira Ilâkhâ and the Karnâtaka Prânt." ### [c8.s10.147](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.147) copies of inscriptions in the Belgaum, Dhârwâr, Bijâpur, and North Kanara Districts of the Bombay Presidency, and in the neighbouring parts of the Madras Presidency and Mysore, from negatives taken by Dr. Pigou, Bo. M.S., and Col. Biggs, R.A.;¹ and a few other inscriptions, from negatives taken by the same gentlemen, were inserted by him in another work, entitled \*Architecture in Dharwar and Mysore\*, edited by him at the same time. These collections being out of print and difficult to obtain, and the negatives being available at the India Office, the contents of them were re-arranged by myself and compiled, with additions, into one volume, which was published by the India Office in 1878, under the title of \*Pâli, Sanskrit, and Old-Canarese Inscriptions, from the Bombay Presidency and parts of the Madras Presidency and Mysore\*.² And, in 1879, Mr. Rice, C.I.E., published, under the title of \*Mysore Inscriptions\*, translations of all the inscriptions included in Major Dixon's collection, and of some others collected by himself. ### [c8.s10.148](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.148) ¹ Only ten copies of this work were published. Of these ten copies, one was presented to each of the following,—the Royal Asiatic Society; the Société Asiatique at Paris; the German Oriental Society, Leipzig; the India Office Library; and Mr. Thomas, F. R. S.; and the remaining five were sent to Bombay for distribution. ### [c8.s10.149](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.149) ² The funds available, however, permitted of the publication of only nine copies of this work. They were distributed to the India Office, the British Museum, the Royal Asiatic Society, the Bombay Secretariat, the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Mr. Gibbs, Dr. Burgess, myself, and, I think, the Bodleian Library. ### [c8.s10.150](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.150) Meanwhile, a few detached inscriptions had been published by Sir Walter Elliot, in the \*Madras Journal of Literature and Science\*,—by Mr. Wathen and Professor Dowson, in the early volumes of the \*Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society\*,—by Bal Gangadhar Shastri and General Sir George LeGrand Jacob, in the early volumes of the \*Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\*,—and by Dr. Taylor, in the \*Transactions of the Literary Society of Bombay\*.³ ### [c8.s10.151](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.151) ³ I am speaking, of course, only of such publications as bear on the history of that part of the country which is the subject of the present account. Many other inscriptions were published by other scholars in the same Journals, and in the \*Asiatic Researches\* and the \*Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal\*. ### [c8.s10.152](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.152) These publications, however, were desultory, and few and far between; and it was not till the \*Indian Antiquary\* was started by Dr. Burgess, C.I.E., in 1872, that any real impetus was given to the study of the epigraphy of Western India. His journal gradually attracted many competent writers, interested in the whole range of Indian epigraphy. And it undoubtedly also did much towards arousing the official interest which is so necessary for the successful prosecution of antiquarian researches in such a country as India, where official action must do what would elsewhere be accomplished by private enterprise, and which, previously wanting, soon afterwards began to be displayed. ### [c8.s10.153](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.153) In January, 1883, through the influence, at Simla, of General Sir Alexander Cunningham, K.C.I.E., and Mr. Gibbs, C.S.I., I was appointed to the specially created post of Epigraphist to the Government of India, with the primary duty of preparing the volume that was to contain the inscriptions of the Early Gupta kings. I held that appointment up to June, 1886, when it was abolished. And the book in question, entitled \*Gupta Inscriptions\*, and numbered as Volume III. ### [c8.s10.154](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.154) in the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, was finished in 1888. My work was fortunately rendered complete and successful by two things. In consequence of information given by Mr. Arthur Sulivan, Mandasôr was visited,— first in March, 1884; and there my copyists then discovered the all-important inscription which supplied what had always been felt to be a most urgent desideratum, viz. a date, for any one of the Early Gupta kings, recorded in a standard era, capable of identification, other than the era that was habitually used by the Early Guptas themselves. It furnished the date of the Mâlava year, i.e. the Vikrama year, 493 expired, corresponding to A. D. 436-37 current, for Kumâragupta I.; and thus, with also a revised translation, given to me by Professor Wright, of a well-known passage in Albêrûnî's writings, I was enabled to prove, for the first time, what had often been asserted but had never been proved before,— viz. that the Early Gupta kings rose to power in the fourth century A. D., and that the dates of their records run, not from A. D. 77-78, 166-67, or 190-91, but from A. D. 319-20 or very closely thereabouts. And, at the end of 1886, Mr. Shankar Balkrishna Dikshit came to the front,— shewed how, with the use of certain Hindû Tables, Hindû dates may be converted into their exact English equivalents,¹ — and made the necessary calculations, some of them extremely laborious, for the Early Gupta dates, as the result of which, the given unqualified years being applied as current years, the exact epoch, or year 0, of the Gupta era is shewn to be A. D. 319-20, and the first current year, A. D. 320-21.² ### [c8.s10.155](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.155) ¹ See his paper entitled "a Method of calculating the Week-days of Hindû Tithis and the corresponding English Dates," Ind. Ant. Vol. XVI. p. 113 ff., and Gupta Inscriptions, Appendix III.; and, for certain corrected data, his note entitled "a Table for the Abdapa, Tithi-Śuddhi, and Tithi-Kêndra," Ind. Ant. Vol. XVII, p. 268, ff. — Another interesting paper by him is that on "the Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter," Ind. Ant. Vol. XVII. pp. 1 ff., 312 ff.; and Gupta Inscriptions, Appendix III.— On the line of study thus started, further light has now been thrown, by Professor Jacobi, in his papers entitled "Methods and Tables for verifying Hindû Dates, Tithis, Eclipses, Nakshatras, &c." Ind. Ant. Vol. XVII. p. 145 ff., "the Computation of Hindû Dates in Inscriptions, &c." Epigraphia Indica, Vol. I. p. 403 ff., and "Tables for calculating Hindû Dates in True Local Time," id. Vol. II. p. 487 ff.; by Professor Kielhorn, in his papers on "the Sixty-Year Cycle of Jupiter," Ind. Ant. Vol. XVIII. pp. 193 ff., 380-ff.; and by Dr. Schram, through the production of an English version of his "Tables for the Approximate Conversion of Hindû Dates," Ind. Ant. Vol. XVIII. p. 290 ff. ### [c8.s10.156](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.156) ² See Gupta Inscriptions, Introduction, p. 69 ff.; and, for a final classification of the dates, with an explanation of the difference between the Gupta and Valabhî varieties of the era, see Ind. Ant. Vol. XX. p. 376 ff. ### [c8.s10.157](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.157) During my tenure of the above-mentioned appointment, and for a year or so before it, I had from the Bombay Government an annual grant for the collection of impressions of inscriptions in the Bombay Presidency. Two hundred and twenty-villages, in the Belgaum and Dhârwâr Districts and in the Native States of the Southern Marâṭhâ Country, were visited by the men employed by me. Impressions were made of nearly a thousand inscriptions. And the impressions have now been deposited in the office of Mr. Cousens, Superintendent of the Bombay Archæological Survey, where they are available to anyone who will take them in hand for publication or study. ### [c8.s10.158](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.158) In November, 1886, Dr. Hultzsch was appointed Epigraphist to the Government of Madras. This post he still holds. And he has already issued one volume, and the first two parts of another, of \*South-Indian Inscriptions\*, which furnish a great deal of new and valuable information about the Pallavas, the Eastern Chalukya kings, and their Chôḷa contemporaries, with incidental references to the history of Western India. ### [c8.s10.159](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.159) And, at some time in 1888 or 1889, Dr. Burgess, while, in succession to General Sir Alexander Cunningham, he still held the post of Director-General of the Archæological Survey of India, started, for the Government of India, an official journal entitled \*Epigraphia Indica\*, intended specially for the publication of inscriptions. Of this work, Vols. I. and II. have been issued by Dr. Burgess. And subsequent issues are being brought out by Dr. Hultzsch, in connection with the \*Indian Antiquary\*, which, conducted by Dr. Burgess to the end of Vol. XIII., was continued through Vols. XIV. to XX. by myself and Major Temple, C.I.E., and is still going on under Major Temple's management. ### [c8.s10.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.160) The publications noted above, the later volumes of the \*Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\*, Dr. Burgess' \*Archæological Reports of Western India\*, two more books by Mr. Rice entitled \*Inscriptions at Śravaṇa-Beḷgoḷa\* and \*Inscriptions in the Mysore District\*, Part I., and the materials collected in the Bombay Presidency, have now made available a great deal of additional information, which it has been my aim to utilise. The constant pressure of official duties has prevented my including all the details that could be supplied from the unpublished materials now on hand. As far as is practicable, however, I have worked them in. And I am able to put forth this second version, of a work which was first issued thirteen years ago under much less favourable conditions and has now been rewritten practically throughout, with the satisfactory knowledge that it contains many substantial improvements, and will add very largely to our knowledge of the ancient history of that part of the country with which it deals. ### [c8.s10.161](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.161) J. F. FLEET. ### [c8.s10.162](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.162) the \*Goths\*, the \*Vandals\*, the \*Suevi\*, the \*Burgundians\*, the \*Alani\*, the \*Huns\*, the \*Franks\*, the \*Saxons\*, the \*Thuringians\*, the \*Rugians\*, and the \*Heruli\*. The names of these tribes are familiar to the reader, but their origin, their migrations, and their settlements are involved in the deepest obscurity. The most probable opinion is that they were all of German or Scythian extraction, and that they had been driven from their native seats by the pressure of the Huns, a formidable nation of Tartars, who had crossed the Volga and the Tanais, and were advancing with rapid strides towards the frontiers of the Roman empire. ### [c8.s10.163](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.163) The first of these nations that crossed the Danube was the \*Goths\*. They were divided into two great branches, the \*Visigoths\* or Western Goths, and the \*Ostrogoths\* or Eastern Goths. The Visigoths, under the conduct of Fritigern, implored the protection of the emperor Valens, and were permitted to settle in the province of Thrace. But the perfidy of the Roman governors, and the insolence of the Roman soldiers, soon provoked them to rebellion. They defeated the imperial armies, and Valens himself perished in the battle of Hadrianople. ### [c8.s10.164](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.164) The death of Valens was followed by the accession of Theodosius, who, by his wisdom and valour, restored the discipline of the Roman legions, and compelled the Goths to accept a peace, which was rather a truce than a permanent settlement. The Goths, however, remained in the heart of the empire, and their presence was a constant source of danger and alarm. They were no longer the rude barbarians who had first crossed the Danube; they had learned the arts of war and the policy of the Romans, and they were ready to take advantage of any opportunity to assert their independence. ### [c8.s10.165](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.165) The reign of Theodosius was the last period of the glory of the Roman empire. After his death, the empire was divided between his two sons, Arcadius and Honorius. Arcadius reigned in the East, and Honorius in the West. The division was fatal to the interests of the state. The two brothers were weak and indolent, and they were governed by their ministers and favourites. The Goths, under the command of Alaric, took advantage of the weakness of the government, and invaded Italy. They besieged and took Rome, and the eternal city, which had for so many centuries been the mistress of the world, was plundered by the barbarians. ### [c8.s10.166](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10.166) The fall of Rome was a shock to the whole civilized world. It was the end of an era, and the beginning of a new and darker age. The Goths, after the death of Alaric, retired from Italy, and settled in Gaul and Spain, where they founded kingdoms which were destined to last for several centuries. The Vandals, under the command of Genseric, crossed into Africa, and established a powerful kingdom, which for a time threatened the security of the Mediterranean. The Franks, under the command of Clovis, conquered Gaul, and laid the foundations of the French monarchy. The Saxons, under the command of Hengist and Horsa, invaded Britain, and established the kingdoms of the Heptarchy. ## Linked texts (1) - [Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.corpora.cii) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.fleet-1882.c8.s10) · Pramāṇa