[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India: A History of the Establishment and Progress of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi, 1206–1290 A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945) › c19.6 # The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India: A History of the Establishment and Progress of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi, 1206–1290 A.D. c19.6 The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India: A History of the Establishment and Progress of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi, 1206–1290 A.D. c19.6 - **Language:** English ### [c19.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945.c19.6) It is of course hardly to be expected that these factors would lead to the emergence, at this period, of the very modern idea of the individual being the unit of society; punishment of the offender's family which is instanced by some of the 13th century-rulers would not accord with such a notion. The family still remained the unit but its grouping under the \*sar-i-khail\* disappeared. The process must have been slow and its completion cannot be dated; Barani, writing in the fourteenth century still uses the generic term of \*khail-khanah\*. In any event, as indicative of social rank the \*sar-i-khail\* finds no further mention in the chronicles. The many cases of promotion recorded in the \*Tabaqat-i-Nasiri\* do not even include the \*sipahsalar\*; the \*amir\*, malik and the khan seem to include the entire personnel of the ahl-i-saif. Only in the case of Aibak his rank of sipahsalar is mentioned¹, and is included among his titles in one of the epigraphic records of his reign Subsequently, it appears to have lost rank and came to occupy the lowest position; even in the officer cadre of the army, early in the 14th century, Shahabuddin Abbas, in describing the Tughluq army organisation, assigns to it the smallest command and pay². - [Previous: c19.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945.c19.5) - [Next: c19.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945.c19.7) - [Up: c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945.c19) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945.c19.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.habibullah-1945.c19.6) · Pramāṇa