The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c10: Chapter XII
The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c10
- Language
- English
Chapter XII
v3.c10.1
THE KINGDOM OF KASHMĪR
v3.c10.2
| | PAGE |
| Introduction of Islam into Kashmīr by Shāh Mīrzā | 277 |
| Accession and deposition of Jamshīd | 277 |
| Accession of ‘Alā-ud-dīn | 277 |
| Death of ‘Alā-ud-dīn and accession of Shihāb-ud-dīn | 278 |
| Death of Shihāb-ud-dīn and accession of Qutb-ud-dīn | 278 |
| Death of Qutb-ud-dīn and accession of Sikandar | 279 |
| Persecuting zeal of Sikandar the Iconoclast | 280 |
| Death of Sikandar and accession of ‘Alī Shāh | 280 |
| Accession of Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn | 281 |
| Tolerance, benevolence and enlightenment of Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn | 282 |
| Strife between the sons of Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn | 283 |
| Death of Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn and accession of Haidar Shāh | 284 |
| Death of Haidar and accession of Hasan | 285 |
| Death of Hasan and accession of Muhammad | 285 |
| Deposition of Muhammad and accession of Fath Shāh | 285 |
| The *Nūr-Bakhsh* Sect | 286 |
| Restoration of Muhammad | 287 |
| Restoration and second deposition of Fath Shāh | 287 |
| Second restoration of Muhammad | 287 |
| Third deposition of Muhammad and accession of Ibrāhīm | 287 |
| Death of Ibrāhīm and accession of Nāzuk Shāh | 287 |
| Third restoration of Muhammad | 287 |
| Death of Muhammad and restoration of Nāzuk Shāh | 288 |
| Conquest of Kashmīr by Mīrzā Haidar | 288 |
| Expulsion of the Foreigners and restoration of Nāzuk | 289 |
| Deposition of Nāzuk and enthronement of Ibrāhīm II | 289 |
| Deposition of Ibrāhīm II and enthronement of Ismā‘īl | 289 |
| Death of Ismā‘īl and accession of Habīb Shāh | 289 |
| Deposition of Habīb and usurpation of Ghāzī Chakk | 290 |
| Abdication of Ghāzī Shāh and accession of Husain | 290 |
| Abdication of Husain and accession of ‘Alī Shāh | 291 |
| Death of ‘Alī Shāh and accession of Yūsuf | 292 |
| Expulsion of Yūsuf, and his recovery of his throne | 292 |
| Invasion of Kashmīr by Bhagwān Dās | 293 |
| Annexation of Kashmīr by Akbar | 293 |
v3.c10.3
CHAPTER XIII
v3.c10.4
GUJARĀT AND KHĀNDESH
v3.c10.5
By Professor Sir E. Denison Ross, C.I.E., Ph.D., Director of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, and Professor of Persian
v3.c10.6
| Establishment of the independence of Khāndesh and Gujarāt | 294 |
| Muzaffar I of Gujarāt | 295 |
| Death of Muzaffar I and accession of Ahmad | 296 |
| Death of Rāja Ahmad of Khāndesh | 296 |
| Accession of Nasīr Khān in Khāndesh | 297 |
| Invasion of Gujarāt by Hūshang Shāh of Mālwa | 297 |
| Invasion of Mālwa by Ahmad I of Gujarāt | 298 |
v3.c10.7
| | PAGE |
| War between Gujarāt and the Deccan . . . . . . | 299 |
| Death of Nasīr Khān of Khāndesh and accession of ‘Ādil Khān I . . | 300 |
| Death of ‘Ādil Khān I and accession of ‘Ādil Khān II . . . . | 300 |
| Invasion of Gujarāt by Mahmūd I of Mālwa . . . . . | 301 |
| Defeat of the army of Gujarāt by Rānā Kūmbha . . . . . | 302 |
| Qutb-ud-dīn of Gujarāt invades the Rānā's territory . . . . | 303 |
| Death of Qutb-ud-dīn and accession of Dāūd . . . . . | 303 |
| Deposition of Dāūd and enthronement of Mahmūd Begarha . . . | 304 |
| Mahmūd Begarha marches to the aid of Nizām Shāh of the Deccan . . | 304 |
| Mahmūd's invasion of Sorath . . . . . . . . | 305 |
| Invasion of Sind by Mahmūd Begarha . . . . . . | 307 |
| Conspiracy against Mahmūd Begarha . . . . . . | 308 |
| Mahmūd besieges Chāmpāner . . . . . . . . | 309 |
| Capture of Chāmpāner . . . . . . . . . | 310 |
| Depredations of the pirate, Bahādur Gīlānī . . . . . | 311 |
| Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off Chaul . . . . . . | 312 |
| War of accession in Khāndesh . . . . . . . | 313 |
| Accession of ‘Ādil Khān III in Khāndesh . . . . . . | 314 |
| Death of Mahmūd Begarha. His character . . . . . | 315 |
| Defeat of the Egyptian fleet by the Portuguese off Diū . . . . | 316 |
| Designs of Muzaffar II of Gujarāt on Mālwa . . . . . | 317 |
| Campaign in Īdar . . . . . . . . . . | 319 |
| Massacre of the Rājputs in Māndū . . . . . . . | 319 |
| Muzaffar II invades the territories of the Rānā . . . . . | 320 |
| Flight of Bahādur, Muzaffar's second son, from Gujarāt . . . . | 321 |
| Death of Muzaffar II. Disputed succession in Gujarāt . . . . | 322 |
| Enthronement of Bahādur in Gujarāt . . . . . . | 323 |
| War between Gujarāt and Ahmadnagar . . . . . . | 324 |
| Bahādur retires from the Deccan . . . . . . . | 325 |
| Dispute between Bahādur and Mahmūd II of Mālwa . . . . | 326 |
| Conquest of Mālwa by Bahādur . . . . . . . | 327 |
| Completion of the conquest of Mālwa . . . . . . | 328 |
| Rupture between Humāyūn and Bahādur . . . . . . | 329 |
| Capture of Chitor . . . . . . . . . . | 330 |
| Defeat of Bahādur by Humāyūn . . . . . . . | 331 |
| Invasion of Gujarāt by Humāyūn . . . . . . . | 332 |
| Humāyūn is recalled from Gujarāt by events in Hindūstān . . . | 333 |
| Death of Bahādur at Diū . . . . . . . . | 334 |
| Accession of Muhammad Shāh of Khāndesh to the throne of Gujarāt . | 335 |
| Death of Muhammad and accession of Mahmūd III . . . . | 335 |
| The Egyptian fleet and the army of Gujarāt besiege the Portuguese in Diū . . . . . | 336 |
| Raising of the siege of Diū . . . . . . . . | 337 |
| Mahmūd III frees himself from Daryā Khān . . . . . | 338 |
| Overthrow of ‘Ālam Khān . . . . . . . . | 339 |
| Defeat of the army of Gujarāt by the Portuguese . . . . | 340 |
| Successes of the Portuguese . . . . . . . . | 341 |
| Death of Mahmūd III . . . . . . . . . | 342 |
| Accession of Ahmad II . . . . . . . . . | 343 |
| Death of Ahmad II . . . . . . . . . | 344 |
| Accession of Muzaffar III . . . . . . . . | 345 |
| Civil war in Gujarāt . . . . . . . . . | 346 |
| Akbar invades Gujarāt . . . . . . . . . | 347 |
| Akbar annexes Gujarāt . . . . . . . . . | 348 |
v3.c10.8
CHAPTER XIV
v3.c10.9
THE KINGDOM OF MĀLWA
v3.c10.10
| | PAGE |
| Dilāvar Khān establishes his independence in Mālwa | 349 |
| Death of Dilāvar Khān and accession of Hūshang | 349 |
| Invasion of Mālwa by Muzaffar I of Gujarāt | 349 |
| Hūshang's two invasions of Gujarāt | 350 |
| Hūshang's expedition to Orissa | 351 |
| Death of Hūshang and accession of Muhammad Shāh | 352 |
| Mahmūd Khaljī usurps the throne | 353 |
| Mahmūd's expedition to Delhi | 354 |
| Mahmūd invades the dominions of Rānā Kūmbha | 355 |
| Mahmūd's second invasion of the Rānā's dominions | 356 |
| Mahmūd's two invasions of Gujarāt | 356 |
| Mahmūd's invasion of the Deccan | 356 |
| Mahmūd recovers Ajmer from the Rāna | 357 |
| Mahmūd invades the Deccan but is compelled to retreat | 358 |
| Mahmūd's third invasion of the Deccan | 358 |
| Kherla is captured by the army of the Deccan but recovered by Mālwa | 359 |
| Death of Mahmūd I. His character | 360 |
| Accession of Ghiyās-ud-dīn | 361 |
| Folly of Ghiyās-ud-dīn | 362 |
| Fratricidal strife between Ghiyās-ud-dīn's sons | 363 |
| Accession of Nāsir-ud-dīn | 364 |
| Death of Nāsir-ud-dīn and accession of Mahmūd II | 365 |
| Predominance of the Rājputs in Mālwa | 366 |
| Revolt of Bihjat Khān of Chanderī | 367 |
| Mahmūd II flees from the Rājputs and takes refuge with Muzaffar of Gujarāt | 368 |
| Mahmūd II is defeated by the Rānā, Sangrama | 368 |
| Bahādur Shāh of Gujarāt annexes Mālwa | 369 |
| Shujā'at Khān appointed viceroy of Mālwa by Sher Shāh | 370 |
| Annexation of Mālwa by Akbar | 371 |
v3.c10.11
CHAPTER XV
v3.c10.12
THE KINGDOM OF THE DECCAN, a.d. 1347-1436
v3.c10.13
By Lt.-Colonel Sir Wolseley Haig
v3.c10.14
| Bahman Shāh establishes his independence in the Deccan | 372 |
| Consolidation of the kingdom by Bahman | 373 |
| Suppression of a revolt and establishment of Gulbarga as the capital | 374 |
| Division of the Deccan into four provinces | 375 |
| Death of Bahman Shāh and accession of Muhammad I | 376 |
| Administration of the kingdom | 377 |
| The rise of Vijayanagar | 377 |
| Muhammad I issues a gold currency | 378 |
| War with Kānhayya of Warangal | 380 |
| First war with Vijayanagar | 381 |
| Peace with Vijayanagar | 382 |
v3.c10.15
| | PAGE |
| Suppression of the rebellion of Bahrām . | 382 |
| The great mosque of Gulbarga . | 383 |
| Death of Muhammad I and accession of Mujāhid . | 383 |
| Second war with Vijayanagar . | 383 |
| Assassination of Mujāhid and accession of Dāūd . | 384 |
| Assassination of Dāūd and accession of Muhammad II . | 384 |
| Famine in the Deccan . | 385 |
| Rebellion of Bahā-ud-dīn of Sāgar . | 385 |
| Death of Muhammad II and accession of Ghiyās-ud-dīn . | 386 |
| Deposition of Ghiyās-ud-dīn and accession of Shams-ud-dīn . | 386 |
| Deposition of Shams-ud-dīn and accession of Fīrūz . | 387 |
| Third war with Vijayanagar . | 387 |
| The exploit of Qāzī Sirāj-ud-dīn . | 388 |
| Defeat of the Hindus . | 389 |
| War with the Gonds of Kherla . | 390 |
| Mission sent by Fīrūz to Tīmūr and its results . | 391 |
| The goldsmith's daughter of Mudgal . | 391 |
| Fourth war with Vijayanagar. Defeat of the Hindus . | 392 |
| Expeditions into Gondwāna and Telingāna . | 393 |
| Fifth war with Vijayanagar, and defeat of Fīrūz . | 394 |
| Abdication and death of Fīrūz and accession of Ahmad . | 395 |
| Sixth war with Vijayanagar . | 396 |
| Defeat of the Hindus and massacres in the Vijayanagar kingdom . | 397 |
| Peace with Vijayanagar. Famine in the Deccan . | 398 |
| Expeditions to Warangal and Māhūr . | 399 |
| War between the Deccan and Mālwa . | 399 |
| Defeat of Hūshang Shāh of Mālwa . | 400 |
| Ahmad I selects Bīdar as his capital . | 400 |
| War between the Deccan and Gujarāt . | 401 |
| Kherla is annexed by Mālwa . | 402 |
| Death of Ahmad I . | 402 |
| The "Foreign" question in the Deccan . | 403 |
v3.c10.16
CHAPTER XVI
v3.c10.17
THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF THE DECCAN, A.D. 1436-1490
v3.c10.18
By Lt.-Colonel Sir Wolseley Haig
v3.c10.19
| Accession of 'Alā-ud-dīn Ahmad II . | 405 |
| Expedition to Vijayanagar and the Konkan . | 405 |
| War with Khāndesh . | 406 |
| Seventh war with Vijayanagar. Defeat of the Hindus . | 407 |
| Unsuccessful expedition into the Konkan . | 408 |
| Massacre of the Foreigners by the Deccanis . | 409 |
| Rebellion of Jalāl Khān . | 409 |
| Death of 'Alā-ud-dīn Ahmad II and accession of Humāyūn . | 410 |
| Rebellion of Sikandar Khān and Jalāl Khān . | 410 |
| Humāyūn the Tyrant . | 411 |
| Death of Humāyūn and accession of Nizām Shāh . | 412 |
| Mahmūd I of Mālwa invades the Deccan . | 413 |
| Retreat of the army of Mālwa . | 413 |
| Second invasion of the Deccan by Mahmūd I of Mālwa . | 413 |
| Death of Nizām Shāh and accession of Muhammad III . | 413 |
v3.c10.20
Rise of Mahmūd Gāvān to power. . . . . . . . . 414 War in the Konkan and Orissa . . . . . . . . 415 Foreigners and Deccanis . . . . . . . . . 416 Famine in the Deccan . . . . . . . . . 417 Campaign in Telingāna. . . . . . . . . 417 Invasion of the Carnatic . . . . . . . . 418 The subdivision of the Four Provinces . . . . . . . 419 Murder of Mahmūd Gāvān . . . . . . . . 420 Disaffection of the provincial governors . . . . . . 421 Death of Muhammad III and accession of Mahmūd . . . . 422 Contest between Foreigners and Deccanis. . . . . . . 423 Decline of the royal authority . . . . . . . . 423 Death of Malik Nāib, leader of the Deccanis . . . . . . 424 Partition of the kingdom . . . . . . . . . 425 Qāsim Barīd becomes regent . . . . . . . . 426 Rebellion of Bahādur Gīlānī. . . . . . . . . 427 Strife between the provincial governors . . . . . . 428 Strife between Sunnīs and Shiahs . . . . . . . 429 Mahmūd attempts to regain his freedom . . . . . . 430 Last days of the Bahmanī dynasty . . . . . . . 431 Extinction of the Bahmanī dynasty . . . . . . . 432
v3.c10.21
CHAPTER XVII
v3.c10.22
THE FIVE KINGDOMS OF THE DECCAN, A.D. 1527-1599
v3.c10.23
By Lt.-Colonel Sir WOLSELEY HAIG
v3.c10.24
The Five Kingdoms—Bījāpur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda, Berar, and Bīdar . . . . . . . . . 433 Events in Bījāpur and Ahmadnagar . . . . . . . 434 War between Ahmadnagar and Berar . . . . . . . 435 War between Vijayanagar and Bījāpur . . . . . . 435 Bahādur of Gujarāt invades the Deccan . . . . . . 436 Ismā‘īl ‘Ādil Shāh captures Bīdar . . . . . . . 437 Ismā‘īl ‘Ādil Shāh recovers the Rāichūr Doāb . . . . . 437 War between Bījāpur and Ahmadnagar . . . . . . 438 Death of Ismā‘īl and accession of Ibrāhīm ‘Ādil Shāh I . . . . 439 War between Bījāpur and Vijayanagar . . . . . . 439 The Shiah religion established in Ahmadnagar . . . . . 440 Assassination of Sultān Qulī Qutb Shāh of Golconda and accession of Jamshīd Qutb Shāh . . . . . . . . . 440 Bījāpur invaded by the armies of Vijayanagar, Ahmadnagar, and Golconda . . . . . . . . . 441 Plot to place ‘Abdullāh on the throne of Bījāpur supported by the Portuguese . . . . . . . . . 441 Burhān Nizām Shāh renews his alliance with Vijayanagar . . . 442 Death of Jamshīd Qutb Shāh and accession of Subhān Qulī. Deposition of Subhān Qulī and accession of Ibrāhīm . . . . 443 War between Ahmadnagar and Bījāpur . . . . . . 443 War between Bījāpur and the Portuguese . . . . . . 444 Death of Ibrāhīm I and accession of ‘Alī ‘Ādil Shāh I . . . . 444 Confederacy against Ahmadnagar . . . . . . . 445 Arrogance of the Raja of Vijayanagar . . . . . . 446
v3.c10.25
| | PAGE |
| Muslim confederacy against Vijayanagar | 447 |
| War between the confederacy and Vijayanagar | 448 |
| The battle of Talikota | 449 |
| Defeat of the Hindus and destruction of Vijayanagar | 450 |
| Death of Husain I and accession of Murtazā Nizām Shāh I | 450 |
| War between Bījāpur and Ahmadnagar | 451 |
| Confederacy against the Portuguese. Its discomfiture | 452 |
| Invasion of Berar by Murtazā Nizām Shāh I | 453 |
| Annexation of Berar by Ahmadnagar | 454 |
| Intrigues between Golconda and Ahmadnagar against Bījāpur | 455 |
| Campaign in Berar | 456 |
| Rebellion of Burhān, brother of Murtazā Nizām Shāh | 457 |
| Death of ‘Alī I and accession of Ibrāhīm ‘Ādil Shāh II | 458 |
| War between Ahmadnagar and Bījāpur | 458 |
| Troubles in Bījāpur and imprisonment of Chānd Bībī | 459 |
| Bījāpur is besieged by the armies of Ahmadnagar and Golconda. The siege is raised | 460 |
| Death of Murtazā and accession of Husain Nizām Shāh II | 461 |
| Death of Husain II and accession of Ismā‘īl Nizām Shāh | 461 |
| Burhān Nizām Shāh II, countenanced by Akbar, attempts to return to Ahmadnagar. His discomfiture | 461 |
| Battle of Rohankhed. Deposition of Ismā‘īl and accession of Burhān Nizām Shāh II | 462 |
| Burhān unsuccessfully attacks the Portuguese in Chaul | 462 |
| Death of Burhān II and accession of Ibrāhīm Nizām Shāh | 463 |
| Death of Ibrāhīm Nizām Shāh. Civil war in Ahmadnagar | 463 |
| A faction in Ahmadnagar appeals to Sultān Murād, son of Akbar | 463 |
| Appeal to Ibrāhīm ‘Ādil Shāh II | 464 |
| Sultān Murād and the Khān Khānān besiege Ahmadnagar | 464 |
| The siege is raised and Berar is ceded to Akbar | 465 |
| Renewal of hostilities between Ahmadnagar and the Empire | 465 |
| Murder of Chānd Bībī. Ahmadnagar is captured by Sultān Dāniyāl, Akbar's youngest son | 466 |