Growth of Muslim Population in Medieval India, A.D. 1000–1800 c28: Index

Growth of Muslim Population in Medieval India, A.D. 1000–1800 c28

Language: English

Index

c28.1

Abbas, Shihabuddin Ahmad, the author of *Masalik-al-Absar*, 5, 11, 12, 44, 47, 115 Abdali, Ahmad Shah, 5, 14, 86, 87, 151, 154 Abdul Karim, 112, 132, 133, 175, 176, 195 Abdul Majid Khan, 180, 190 Abdur Rahman, 98 Abdur Razzaq, 5, 15, 54, 56 Abohar, 46 Abul Fazl, 5, 17, 58, 64, 65, 69, 78, 146, 172 Adil Shah, 147, 199 Afghans, 53, 152 Afghanistan, 66, 74, 86, 161 Afif, Shams Siraj, 5, 13, 44, 48, 49, 51, 52, 68, 114, 115, 116, 117, 122, 124, 125, 131, 161, 166, 188, 202 Africa, 44, 164, 170, 200 Agra, 59-64, 74, 75, 76, 81, 82, 141, 199, 222, 24, 240 Ahmadnagar, 72, 75, 140, 153, 240 Ahmad Bahmani, 16 Ahmad Shah, author of *Bijak of Kabir*, 189 Ahmad Shah of Gujarat, 58, 134 Ahmad Vali, (1422-36), 137, 138 Ahmedabad, 57, 58, 59, 61, 76, 80, 81, 141, 222, 240 Ain-ul-Mulk Multani, 194 Ajit Singh, 153 Ajmer, 34, 39, 107, 108, 119, 153, 213, 240 Akbar, 1, 5, 74, 78, 79, 128, 129, 134, 139, 141-146, 172, 175, 186, 195, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202 Alauddin, Bahmani, 137 Al Biladuri, 98, 99, 100, 118 Albuquerque, 140, 198, 199 Alexander, 27 Alexandria, 45 Aligarh, 224 Ali Muhammad Khan, author of *Mirat-i-Ahmadi*, 58 Allahabad, 34, 130, 224, 240 Alor, 36, 98, 99 Al Qazwini, 103 Ambala, 240 Amin Ahmad Razi, 58 Amir Hasan Sijzi, 194 Amir Khusrau, 5, 106, 121 Amroha, 148 Anand Pal, 212, 213, 216 Anhilwara, 33, 39, 40, 216

c28.2

Apollodorus, 25 Arabia (Yemen), 45, 133, 138, 164 Arnold, T.W., 104, 154, 162, 164, 169 Ashoka, 27, 30 Ashraf, K.M., 129 Asia, 31, 37, 42, 58, 59, 74, 109, 164, 169, 177, 180, 201 Aslam, Muhammad, 14, 154 Assam, 16, 34, 68, 70, 108, 180, 181, 184, 232 Athnasius Nikitin, 54, 56 Aurangabad, 83 Aurangzeb, 4, 5, 8, 63, 74, 76, 78, 83, 84, 85, 141, 147-153, 160, 195 Avadh, 34, 40, 41, 76, 114, 120, 224, 240, Azamgarh, 224 Azam Tara, 85 Azarbijan, 110 Aziz Ahmad, 144, 162, 164, 189 Azizul Huque, 87

c28.3

Babur, 5, 63, 79, 131, 140, 141, 143 Badaon, 120, 152, 225 Badaoni, 69, 145, 197, his *Muntakhab-ut Tawarikh*, 19, 201 Baghdad, 100, 110 Baghelkhand, 40 Bahadur Shah (of Gujarat), 57, 63 Bahadur Tair, Mongol, 121 Bahmani, Kingdom, 15, 42, 52, 53, 67, 112, 124, 127, 128, 136-38, 140, 160, 172 Bahraich, 46, 47, 103 Bahram Shah, son of Iltutmish, 39, 167, 172 Baihagi, 34 Bakhtawar Khan, 78, 83 Bakhtiyar Khalji, 34, 39, 41, 167, 174, 175, 177, 179 Balaghat, 75 Balban, Sultan, 12, 13, 40, 41, 53, 106, 110, 114, 121, 123, 129, 174 Baluchistan, 127, 174, 205 Banaras, 12, 34, kings of 35, 37, 60, 83, 103, 107, 114, 130, 141, 206, 222, 223, Banda, Sikh leader, 85, 153 Banerjee, A.C., 86 Banerjee, J.M., 14 Baran, 102, 103, 119, 215, 216 Barani, Ziauddin, 5, 12, 13, 17, 40, 43, 111, 114, 115, his *Tarikh-i-Firozshahi*, 12, 121, 123, 124, 166 Barbaro, Josafat, 61 Barbosa, 6, 37, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 72, 128, 133, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 177, 178, 199

c28.4

Bareilly 152, 223, 224 Baroda, 57 Barros. 15, 54, 60, 62, 138 Basra 100, 137 Bayana, 107, 130 Bengal, 13, 16, 39, 40, 41, 60, 64, 66, 68, 69, 76, 78, 83, 85-87, 107, 112, 115, 117, 121, 122, 127, 128, 132, 133, 140, 144, 147, 148, 160, 164, 167, 169, 174-83, 185, 186, 190, 192, 205, 206, 227 Berar 72, 140, 205 Bernier 6, 20, 59, 62, 80, 81, 146, 147 Beveridge, A, S., 140 Beveridge, H, 4 Beverley, 185 Bhadnor, 145 Bhagalpur, 107, 227 Bhakti Movement, 129, 143, 183, 189 Bhatinda, 105, 108, 120 Bhawalpur, 232 Bhera, 102, 212, 215, 217 Bhilsa (Vidisha), 36, 39, 120 Bhimpal, 103 Bhoj of Malwa, 35 Bhojpur, 114 Bidar, 140, 173 Bihar, 34, 39, 51, 76, 104, 107, 108, 127, 164, 180, 185, 186, 193, 105, 227 Bijai Rai, 212 Bijapur 76, 140 Bijnor, 152, 225 Blochmann, 145 Bishan Narayan, 148 Bohras, 195 Bose, Ashish, 171 Bosworth, E. C, 103, 167 Boverat, F., 200 Blanc Vincent Le. 177 Bowery T., 80, 83 Brian Hodgson 181 Broach, 33, 37, 100 Buchanan Hamilton, 182, 230 Buddhist (holy places), 34, 179, 180, 181, 188 Bukka, founder of Vijayanagar Empire, 188 Bukkar, 46, 70 Bulandshahr, 225 Bundelkhand 39, 40, 236 Bunle, H., 200 Burdwan, 227 Burhanpur, 222 Burnes, 21

c28.5

Caesar Frederic, 69, 77, 177 Cail (Tinnevelly), 45 Cairo 57, 59 Calicut, 18, 45, 54, 55, 61, 112, 169 Cambay, 40, 45, 46, 67, 58, 59, 61, 69, 79, 135, 140, 141 Champanir, 134 Cannanore, 45, 55, 56, 237 Cape Camorin, see Comari Carre, Abbe, 80 Castanheda, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 67, 133, 135 Ceylon, 45, 46, 212 Chaitanya, 189, 191 Chandelas, of Bundelkhand, 35, 181, 182 Chanderi, 40, 41, 46, 120 Chandragupta Maurya, 25, 27 Chandwar, 122 Chaul, 57, 127 Cheraman Perumal, 104 Chhatarpur, 234 Chhota Nagpur, 230 China, 31, 36, 44, 45, 119 Chingiz Khan, 14, 110 Chingleput (Madras), 237 Chittagaon, 46, 60, 61, 78, 112, 177, 179, 184, 228 Chittor 40, 63, 121 Cochin, 55, 61, 112, 168, 198, 206 Colin Clark, 21, 28, 44, 70, 72, 73, 170, 201 Colium (Travancore), 45 Comari (Cape Camorin), 45, 55, 101, 127 Commissariat, M. S, 58, 61 Constantinople, 59, 62, 87, 218, 221 Coromandel Coast, 69 Cortesao, 135 Coryat, 62, 80, 81 Cunha, T B, 140, 198 Cunningham, 48

c28.6

Daman, 139, 198 Dani, Dr A H., 179, 180, 181 Danvers, 199 Dara Shikoh, 147 Datta, J M., 3, 8, 32, 33, 78, 92, 125, 201, 206 Daud, Ruler of Multan, 212 Daulatabad, see Devagiri Daulatmand, 146 Davis, see Kingsley Davis Day, U N., 135, 136 Debul, 30, 36, 98, 100 Deccan, 5, 15, 34, 35, 41, 64, 67, 74, 75, 83-85, 115, 124, 134, 136-33, 173, 190 De Laet 80, 81 Delhi, 11, 14, 34, 36, 39, 41-43, 47, 50-52, 59, 60, 62-64, 69 74, 76, 80-81, 85-87, 110, 112, 115, 119, 120, 122, 123, 127, 128, 130, 135, 141, 142, 151, 152, 153, 163, 170, 178, 194, 199, 213, 222, 223, 225 Della Valle, 57, 62, 79, 81 Deopalpur, 13 Devagiri (Daulatabad), 41, 47, 75, 122 Devipatanam, 56

c28.7

Dewan Fazle Rabbi, 181, 185 Dhanna, the reformer, 189 Dharanagri, 41 Dinajpur, 184, 228 Diu, 198 Dixit, G.S., 56, 62 Doab, 34, 40, 41, 43, 49, 74, 130 Duff, J.C. Grant., 85 Du Jarric, 197 Durgavati, 64 Durjan Sal (alias Ali Quli), 146 Dupleix, 86 Dwarsamudra, 41, 133

c28.8

Egypt, 16, 133, 170 Eknath, reformer, 189 Elizabeth, I, 58 Elphinstone, M., 7, 27, 48, 65, 68 Ellichpur, 173 Etawah, 225 Euphrates, 38 Europe 59, towns of 54, 61, 200, 201, 202, 218 Evora, city in Portugal, 58

c28.9

Fa-hien, 29, 30 Fakhre Mudabbir, 109, 114 Farrukh Siyar, 153 Farukkhabad, 225, 244 Fatehpur Sikri, 60, 62, 81 Fedrici, 59, 60, 61, 202 Ferishtah, 5, *Tarikh of*, 32, 39, 42, 43, 50, 51, 59, 64, 83, 103, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 113, 114, 118, 122, 131, 134, 135, 163, 167, 168, 173, 211, 213, 214, 234 Finch, William., 80, 81 Firabuz, 37 Firoz Shah Bahmani, 15, 16 Firoz Tughlaq, 13, 14, 41, 44, 48-52, 72, 89, 113, 115-118, 122-124, 130, 139, 147, 149, 160, 161, 166, 178, 188, 194, 197, 202, 203 Fitch, 54, 60, 62, 82, 83, 141, 181 Foster, 75, 76 Franklin, W., 86, 152 Fryer, John., 80

c28.10

Gagrnun, 135 Gait, E.A., 195 Ganda, Chandela (999-1025), 35 Ganesh, Raja of Bengal, 132 Ganges, 35; Gangetic plain 75 Garrah, kingdom, 64 Gaur, 34, 60, 62, 133 Ghayasuddin, of Malwa, 136 Ghayasuddin Tughlaq, 41, 122, 165, 166 Ghazipur, 226 Ghazni, 35, 78, 102, 106, 119, 170, 213-215 Girolamo Sernigi, 55, 61

c28.11

Goa, 54, 57, 62, 77, 127, 139, 168, 198, 199, 237 Gokal Jat, 148 Golkunda, 54, 76, 83, 140 Gondwana, 64, 66, 127, 141 Gorakhpur, 171, 226 Govind Chandra (1104-1114), 34 Govis (also Paraiyar), 193 Goyal, Dr., 171 Gujarat, 6, 10, 13, 16, 30, 33-35, 40, 41, 46, 50-52, 57, 58, 63, 66, 68, 69, 75, 77, 78, 85, 87, 98, 100, 101, 104, 107, 108, 113, 124, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 135, 140, 145, 147, 173, 177, 199, 206, 235 Gulbarga, 15, 173 Guntoor, 237 Gupta Empire, 29, 31 Gurgaon, 232 Gwalior, 39, 40, 41, 46, 107, 114, 120, 130, 214, 216

c28.12

Habib, M., 38, 105, 117, 129, 160, 162, 211, Habibullah, A.B.M. 39, 106, 107, 110, 119, 120, 121 Haig, 15, 16, 43, 107, 136, 211 Hajjaj, 99, 101 Hall, D.G.E., 31, 177 Hamadani, Iftakhar-ul-Mulk, 138 Hamilton, Alexander, 80, 230 Hamirpur, 226 Hanafi, Muhammad Sharif, 147, 200 Hansi, 46, 119 Harihar, of Vijayanagar Empire, 188 Hariraja, the Chauhan Prince, 119 Hariyana, 40, 114, 141, 232 Harsha, of Kashmir, 104 Hasan (Khusrau Khan), 113 Hasan Nizami, 106, 170 Hasan Qarlugh, 121 Hashim, Caliph, 99 Hathi (Khokhar), 146 Hauqal, Ibn, 19, 31, 100, *Ashkalal-ul-Bilad* of, 19, 36 Hawkins, William, 80 Hazard, H.W., 170, 204 Hazaribagh, 230 Heber, Reginald, 6, 154, 222 Helleiner, Karl, F., 11, 12 Hieun Tsang, 29, 30 Hind, 4, 45, 99 Hindukush 31, 48 Hindustan, 69, 70, 127 Hoshengabad, 235 Humayun, Bahamani, 137 Humayun, 131 Humbler, M., 200 Hume, David, 77, 78 Hunter, W.W., 179, 180 Husnin, I.Z., 171 Husain Khan, of Patiali, 19 Hyderabad, 76, 237

c28.13

Ibn Battuta, 4, 5, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 68, 111, 115, 116, 117, 122, 202, *The Rehla of*, 4, 56 Ibn-ul-Asir, 4, 12, his *Kamil-ut-Tawarikh*, 12, 133, 114, 212, 215 Idar, 134 Idrisi, 36, 37, 99, 166, *Nuzhat-ul-Mushtaq* of 30, 31, 36 Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khalji, 106, 107, 119 Iltutmish, 38, 39, 42, 43, 106, 110, 114, 120, 123, 130, 163, 172 Indian Census Reports, 7, 21 Indore, 235 Indus (River) 29, 46, 70, 74, 98, 101, 128, 140, 146 Indus Valley Civilization, 26, 46 Iraq, 82, 110, 138, 214 Irvine, W., 85 Isami, 5, 40, 43, 111 Ishwari Prasad, 107, 117, 161, 166, *Qaraunah Turks*, 44 Ismailis, 195 Istakhri, *Kitab-ul-Akalim* of 46 Ivanow, W., 105

c28.14

Jabalpur, 235 Jagannath Puri, 83 Jahangir, 74, 75, 78, 82, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 178, 179 Jaipal, 102, 211, 213, 216 Jaisalmer, 234 Jaipur, 234 Jai Singh, Raja, 153 Jajnagar, Orissa, 113, 122 Jalaluddin Khalji, 42, 121, 179 Jalaluddin Muhammad, of Bengal, 132, 147, 175 Jalandhar, 233 Jalpaiguri, 184 Jam Firoz, 131 Jamili, *Siyar-ul-Arifin*, 43, 118 Jammu, 132 Jasarat Khokhar, 52 Jauhar, 40, 202 Jauhari, R.C., 14 Jaunpur, 52, 59, 128, 130, 226 Java island, 30, 45 Jaya Chandra (Jai Chandra), 34 Jessore, 182, 183, 184, 228 Jhansi, 235 Jhelum (town), 233 Jiwan Das, disciple of Kabir, 190 Jizyah, 117, 118, 134, 139, 149, 150, 152, 161, 197 Jodhpur, 153, 234 Josafat Barbaro, 54, 55 Joseph, 55 Jourdain, John, 60, 80 Junaidi, Khwaja Husamuddin, 51 Kabir, the reformer, 188, 189, 190 Kabul, 31, 38, 51, 70, 82, 98, 146, 217 Kafur, Malik, 112, 113 Kaithal, 40 Kala Pahar, 179 Kalhana, 104 Kalinga, 36 Kaliniar, 35, 106, 108, 120, 213, 214, 216, Kalpi, 52, 112 Kamal, son of Kabir, 188, 189 Kambaya, 19, 100 Kamburi, 31, 37 Kampila, 113, 114 Kamrup, 31, 35, 46, 175 Kanauj, 30, 36, 37, 46, 47, 102, 103, 107, 120, 213, 214, 216, 217 Kanchi, 56 Kanpur, 223, 225 Kara Manikpur, 46 Karan Deva, Kalachuri, 35 Karnatika, 34, 35, 42, 78, 137 Karmatian, of Sind, 105, 120 Karmeti, Rani, 63 Karamfarma Sahib, 175 Kashmir, 38, 48, 70, 74, 76, 78, Kashmir Valley, 102, 104, 115, 124, 131, 132, 144, 160, 205, 213, 214, 216, 234, Katehar, 40, 41, 114, 130 Kathiawar, 33, 100, 235, Kennedy, M.T., 21, 189, Kerala, 45, 55, 63, Kafi Khan, 45, 84, 145, 150, 151, 152, 153, 190 Khajuraho, 46 Khandesh, 72, 128, 140, 234, Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul, 116, 203 Khojas, 195 Khokhars, 39 Khurasan, 82, 110, 112, 138, 214 Khwaja Masud Salman, 37, 38 Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, 163, Kingsley Davis, 3, 8, 20, 26, 68, 70, 72, 73, 83, 84, 125, 156, 170, 187, 196, 200, 203, 205, 206 Kirk, Dudley, 171 Kirtiwarman Deva, Chandela, 35, Kol, 49, 106, 108, 119 Konkan, 76, 101 Kumarpal, Solanki, 35 Kurmi, Kahar etc., Hindu low castes, 192-93

c28.15

Lach, Donald F., 45, 54-62, 75, 81, 124, 133, 135, 139-141, 168, 198, 199, 200, 202, 218 Lahore, 37, 38, 42, 47, 59, 62-64, 70, 74, 76, 77, 81, 103, 120, 121, 141, Lahori, Abdul Hamid, 75, 145, 146 Lakhnauti, 40 Lakshman Sen, 177, 179 Lal, K.S., 10, 43, 50, 53, 63, 112, 113, 117, 121, 122, 129, 130, 140, 166, 188, 189 Lamghan, 31, 38 Lanepoole, S., 98, 155 Lavasena, 104 Linschoten, 54, 56, 77 Lock, H. C., 60 Lodis, 53 Logan, W., 139 Lohkot, 103, 213. 214 London, 60, 63, 75, 81, 87, 220, 221 Lucknow, 171 Ludovico di Varthema, 54, 56, 58

c28.16

Maabar, 41, 45, 46, 112 Madras, 222, Madras Presidency, 236, 237 Madura, 46, 56 Magadh, 29, 35, 104 Mahaban, 214, 216 Mahalanobis, P. C., 186, 205 Mahdi Husain, 4, 41, 122, 163, 194 Mahe, port, 54, 55 Mahipal I of Bengal, 35 Mahmud Beghara, 131, 134, 147 Mahmud Bahmani, 173 Mahmud Gawan, 137 Mahmud Ghazni, 4, 11, 12, 33-38, 47, 89, 99, 102-105, 108, 113, 127, 130, 131, 167, 172, 193, 211-213, 215-17 Majumdar R. C., 120, 35, 36 Major, R H., 55, 56, 128, 202 Majumdar, D N 186 Malabar Coast, 6, 45, 46, 54-57, 78, 98, 103, 101, 104, 119, 131, 139, 140, 154, 169, 177, 199, 237 Maladive Islands, 45 Mallatpuram, 56, 59 Malay Peninsula, 30 Malik Kafur, 41 Mallaca, town, 177 Malwa, 11, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 50, 51, 52, 63, 75, 85, 113, 120, 124, 127, 128, 135, 136, 140, 173 Mandelslo, John Albert de, 80, 81 Mandu, 41, 57, 59, 62, 135 Mangbarani, Jalaluddin, 110 Manrique, Father Sebastian, 62, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 146 Man Singh Raja, 194 Mansura 30, 36, 99, 105 Maru, 179, 180 Manucci, 6, 20, 63, 80, 81, 83-85, 146, 149, 150, 151, 168, 190, 194, 295 Marco Polo, 6, 44, 45, 47, 193 Marshall, J., 76, 80, 83, 84 Marwar, 76 Masud, Ghaznavi, 34, 103 Masulipattam, 81, 237 Mathura, 29, 86, 102, 130, 213, 216, 227 Mawaraa-n-nahr (Transoxiana), 82, 110, 138, 214 Mazumder, B. P., 105 Mecca, 13, 118 Meerut, 119, 226 Megasthenes, 25, 202 Megna delta, Bangla Desh, 69 Merta (Jodhpur), 234 Mewar, 63, 85, 87 Mewat, 40, 53, 121, 130, Mewatis, 12, 13 Middleton, Henry, 80 Midnapur, 229 Mihirikula, 29, 30 Mildenhall, John, 80 Minhaj Siraj, 110, 114, 120, 167, 172, 191, 195 Mir Khwand, 212, 213 Mir Masum, 70 Misra, S. C., 100, 104, 134, 194 Mitra, R. C., 132, 180 Mohenjodaro, 26 Mohsin Fani, 145 Monghyr, 107, 229 Monserrate, 54, 59, 81 Moore, Wilbert E, 29 Mopilahs, 195 Moreland, W. H., 3, 7, 8, 20, 21, 28, 32, 56, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66-68, 72, 73, 75-79, 83, 157, 226 Mubarak Khalji, 41, 160, 172 Muhammad Binamid Khani, 52, 122, 160 Muhammad bin Qasim, 33, 98, 99, 101 Muhammad bin Tughlaq, 4, 11, 40, 41, 43, 47-49, 113, 115, 122, 163, 166, 166, 167, 172, 173, 175, 188 Muhammad Ghori, 34, 39, 105, 106, 108, 114 Muin ud-din Chishti, 163 Muhammad Shah Bahmani, 42 Mujeeb, M., 113, 162, 172, 191, 204 Mukerjee, Radhakamal, 76, 87 Multan, 11, 13, 19, 30, 36, 37, 44, 59, 64, 80, 98, 99, 102, 105, 121, 131, 212, 215, 133 Mundy, Peter, 75, 80

c28.17

Nadia, 184, 230 Nadir Shah, 5, 86, 87, 151, 152, 154 Nafis Ahmed, 177 Nagar Kot, 212, 215 Nagori, Qazi Hamid-ud-din, 110 Nagpur, 2, 35 Nahanji, 46 Nahawan, Darogha of Uchch, 118 Nahrwala, 39, 215 Najjbuddwlah, 152 Nalanda, 107 Nam Dev, 148, Nanak, the reformer, 189, 190 Nanwar, 40, 120 Nasiruddin Chiragh-i-Dehli, 163

c28.18

Nasiruddin Khusrau, 194 Nasiruddin, Sultan, 40, 120, 129, 172 Nawasa Shah (converted Sukbpal), 102, 105, 212 Nayars, 55, 67 Nazim, M (Dr.), 211 Nazmul Karim, A.K., 185, 195 Negapatam, 56 Nellore, 238 Nicolo de Conti, 46, 54, 128, 202 Nikitin, 15, 128 Niyaltigin, 38 Nizamuddin Ahmad, 5, 64, 65, 68, 103, 136, 213, *Tab-i-Akbari*, 43 Nizam-ud-din Auliya, 163, 194 Nizam-ul-Mulk Junaidi, 123 Nuniz, 15, 53, 54, 56 Nuruddin Nur Satgur, 104 Nurul Haqq, 70

c28.19

Odantapur, 104, 107 Orissa, 34, 60, 64, 76, 127, 135, 136, 141, 205, 232 Ormuz, 57 Orta (1560), 135 Ottoman Empire, 221 Outram, 21

c28.20

Pabna, 184, 230 Paes, 54, 56 Pakistan, 20, 26, 31 Pakistan Census Report, 21, 200, 204, 235 Panipat, 152, 154, 233 Third Battle of, 5, 14, 86 Purchas, 69 Patan, 141 Patiala, 233 Patiali, 114 Patliputra, 25, 27, 29 Patna, 59, 60, 62, 76, 83, 84, 107, 230 Payne, C.H., 70, 77 Pelsaert, Francisco, 79, 80, 83 Penrose, 55 Persia, 34, 42, 45, 109, 110, 164, 169, 177 Peruschi, G B., 58, 59, 62, 141 Peshawar (Purushpura), 29, 33, 211, 212, 213, 215 Pinheiro, 54, 58, 141 Pires, 54, 55, 59, 60, 136, 140 Pir Muhammad Jahangir, 44 Pods, (Low caste of Bengal), 180, 181, 193 Poona, 236 Portuguese, 19, 57, 145, 206 Pottinger, 21 Pran Nath (Dr.), 66, 67, 68, 70, 74, 142, 147, 206 Prayag, 30 Prithviraj Chouhan, 34, 35, 106 Pulicat, 56 Pundras (non-Aryans), 180

c28.21

Punjab, 5, 12, 14, 25 37, 38, 41, 42, 50, 51, 52, 64, 74, 75, 76, 85, 86, 87, 104, 108, 124, 127, 129, 130, 140, 145, 148, 151, 153, 174, 190, 205, 206, 214, 215, 232, 233 Purneah, 230

c28.22

Qalqashindi, 11, 44, 46, 47, 173, Qandhar, 31, 51, 70, 74, 131, 152 Qanungo, K.R., 118, 148, 175, 176 Qarachal, 41, 122 Qattal, Raju, 118 Qazi Hamiduddin Nagori, 153 Qazi Ziauddin, 106 Qazvini, 10, 145, 146, 166 Qivam-ul-mulk, 119 Qubacha, 42, 120, 130, Quilon, 45, 55, 112, 138 Qureshi, I.H., 176 Qutbuddin Aibak, 35, 39, 107-109, 114, 119, 170 Qutbuddin Mubarak Khalji, 117, 123 Qutb Shah, 147

c28.23

Rahib, battle of, 214, 216 Raidas, Reformer, 189 Rai Sal, 104 Rai of Sikhar (Shahr Khan), 113 Rai Subir (Sumer), 122, 160 Raja Kishan Das, of Amroha, 148 Rajaraja I Chola, 35 Raja Ram, 140 Rajasthan, 85, 86, 87, 127, 141 Rajputana, 33, 41, 52, 63, 76, 85, 141, 234 Rajshahi, 182, 184, 230 Ramanand, 189 Ranthambhor, 39-41, 114, 119-121 Rana Pratap, 63 Ranade, M.G., 189 Rander, 135 Rangpur, 184, 231 Rao, C.R., 186 Rao, R.P., 18, 140, 198, 199 Rashid, Shaikh Abdur, 152 Rashiduddin, 10, 11, 31, 45 Raverty, 106 Rayhan Imad-ud-din, 194, 195 Raziyah, 39, 42, 110, 120 Reinhard, M., 200 Risley, H.H., 182, 193 Rizqullah, 128, 149 Rizvi, A.A., 46, 52, 160, 162-164, 166, 189 Rodriques, C, 140 Roe, Sir Thomas., 75, 80 Rohtak, 233 Roshan Ara, 203 Ross, Denison, 18, 99 Roy Chowdhury, M.L., 176 Ruben Levy, 164

c28.24

Ruknuddin Barbak Shah, 133 Ruknuddin Firoz Shah, 167 Russell, J.C., 218, 221 Rustam Ali, 153

c28.25

Saimur, 19, 40, 100 Sain, the reformer, 189 Saiyyad Muhammad, 164 Saiyyad Muhammad bin Nasiruddin Jafar, 163 Salbanke, Joseph, 60, 80 Salsette, 57, 62, 238 Samana, 49 Sambalpore, 232 Samudragarh, 178 Sangram Singh, 63 Santo Stefano, 44, 56, 128 Saran, P., 65, 17 Sarang Khan, 44 Sarkar, J.N., 85, 148, 152, 176 Sarun, 231 Satgaon, 60, 62, 133 Sati, 202 Satnami, Sect, 190 Satpura, 134 Satya Krishna Biswas, 117, 160 Satya Pir, 178 Saunders, Carr, 21, 201 Sawabh (Hariyana), 11, 43, 114 Sen, D.C., 178 Senas of Bengal, 34, 179 Seringapatam, 56 Sewell, Robert, 10, 15, 16, 42, 53-56, 67, 137 Shahabad, 107, 231 Shah Alam, 85 Shah Beg Arghun, 131 Shahjahan, 8, 19, 74, 75, 78, 81, 82, 145, 146, 147, 150, 197 Shahjahanabad, 153 Shahjahanpur, 152, 227 Shah Jalal Mujarrad, 175 Shah Mirza, 124 Shah Shuja, 146 Shah Rukh, 54 Shah Turkan, 203 Shailendra, 31 Shaista Khan, 98 Shakespear, 224, 225, 226 Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, 13 Shankerji, of Pataudi, 148 Shankaracharya, 188 Sharma, G.N., 63, 203 Sharma, Sri Ram, 8, 19 Sher Shah, 53, 202 Sherwani, H.K., 14, 15, 137 Shiraz, 137 Sholapur, 236 Sidi Yaqut of Janjira, 150 Sikandar bin Muhammad, 194 Sikandar Butshikan, 117, 131, 132, 147 Sikander Lodi, 59, 62, 82, 123, 130, 188, 189 Sikandara, 60, 81 Sikandar Shah of Bijapur, 76 Sikkim, 70 Sind, 4, 10, 30, 33, 36, 37, 41, 42, 46, 48, 51, 63, 75, 76, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 113, 121, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 140, 174, 205, 206, 232, 234 Sirhind, 69, 74, 86, 120, 145 Sistani, Ali Khan, 138 Sistani, Mir Ali, 138 Sivistan, 46, 47 Sleeman, Colonel, 6, 222 Smith, Vincent, 17, 58, 69, 72, 141, 196, 197, 199 Somnath, 45, 47, 215, 216 Sonargaon, 174 Srinagar, 48 St. Thomas (Madras), 45, 51, 193 Subuktigin, Amir, 14, 33, 38, 98, 103 Sufi Mashaikh, proselytizing activity, 118 Sujan Rai, 81 Sulaiman, the Magnificent, 65 Sumatra, 34 Surashtra, 33 Surat, 76, 81, 153 Swat, 124, 131 Sylhet, 175, 184, 232 Syria, 170

c28.26

Tajuddin Firoz, Bahmani, 137 Talikot, 137, 202 Tamim, 99 Tanjore, 56, 238 Taqiya, 132 Tara Chand, 100, 101, 104, 159, 178, 189 Tarain, 213, 215 Taranatha, Lama historian, 103 Targhi, Mongol, 13 Tarmashirin, 42 Tavernier, 6, 80, 204 Taxila, 29 Telingana, 15, 16, 137 Terry, Edward, 80 Thana, 45, 57, 100 Thaneshwar, 194, 213, 216 Thatta, 20, 44, 80, 130 Thevenot, Jean de, 80, 81, 83 Thomas Coryat, 59 Thomas, Edward, 50 Thornton, Edward, 20, 48, 154, 222, 223, *Gazetteer of*, 7, 37 Thurston, 180 Tibet, 31, 119, 180 Timur, Amir, 14, 44, 52, 122, 124, 127, 129, 132, 140, 147 Tinnevelly, 238 Tippera, 170, 184, 231

c28.27

Tipu Sultan, 154 Tirhut, 35, 122, 231 Titus, 106, 119, 154, 159, 162, 164, 195 Tod, James, 76, 85 Tonk, 234 Travancore, 198, 206, 239 Trichnopoly, 56, 239 Trilochanpala, 216 Tripathi, R.P., 65, 134, 197 Tungbhadra, 15, 16 Turkey, 133, 138 Turkistan, 110 Twentyfour Parganahs, 231 Twist, J.V., 80

c28.28

Uchch, 46, 213 Udaigiri, 56 Udaipur, 3 Ufi, Muhammad, 100, 110 Ujjain, 39, 41, 120, 213 Uman, 36, 100 Umar, Caliph, 99, 100 Umar (Khalji), 121 Unsuri, 212 U.P., 39, 50, 51, 64, 85, 86, 104, 108, 127, 129, 130, 141, 165, 171, 180, 195, 205, 224 Utbi, 4, 36, 102, 103, 105, 211-214