Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East (Vol. I: Champa; Vol. II: Suvarnadvipa) v1.c9.s52: No. 61. Myson Pillar Inscription of Harivarman II
Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East (Vol. I: Champā; Vol. II: Suvarṇadvīpa) v1.c9.s52
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No. 61. Myson Pillar Inscription of Harivarman II
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The inscription was edited by M. Finot (B. E. F., Vol. IV, p. 941, No. XIV). It is engraved on two faces of a pillar and contains 41 lines of writing. The language is Cham. It records the donations of king Harivarman and his younger brother Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati to the temple of Śrīśanabhadreśvara.
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TRANSLATION.
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(a-b).
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The enemy had entered into the kingdom of Champā and installed themselves as masters; having taken possession of all the royal property and the wealth of the gods; having pillaged the temples, the monasteries, the sālās; cells, hermitages, villages and various edifices together with the horses, elephants, *padātis* (infantry ?), oxen, buffaloes, and the crops; having ravaged everything in the provinces of the kingdom of Champā; having plundered the temple of Śrīśānabhadreśvara and all that the kings of past times had granted as endowments to Śrīśānabhadreśvara; having taken all the riches of the god and carried away the men belonging to the temple, the dancers, musicians . . . . . servants, together with the various properties of Śrīśānabhadreśvara; the temple remained empty and devoid of worship as the . . . . . Then His Majesty Vijaya Śrī Harivarmadeva, yān Devatāmūrti ascended the throne. He completely defeated the enemies, proceeded to the Nagara Champā, and restored the temple of Śrīśānabhadreśvara. He made......... and three grand festivals . . . . . Śrī Harivarmadeva......... the god Śrīśānabhadreśvara according to the rules of the Maharsis of old. He again gave eight . . . . . gold and silver ornaments and four different classes of royal insignia to Śrīśānabhadreśvara. And he re-established..... with all the crops destroyed . . . . . The kingdom of Champā became prosperous as of old. Then Harivarman celebrated his coronation . . . . . His Majesty the king Utkṛṣṭarāja. After this Harivarman enjoyed a complete happiness and tasted royal felicities.
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Now the pu lyan Śrī Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati, brother of Harivarman, skilful, endowed with talents, and possessing various qualifications, the commander-in-chief, watching both the friends and enemies of king Harivarman, noticed that the temple of the great god Śrīśānabhadreśvara was devastated. He restored it together with all the other temples with which kings of old endowed the god Śrīśānabhadreśvara, who rules over everything (?). He re-erected the temples, the chapels, the gateways and the different edifices in the domain of Śrīśanabhadreśvara and made them perfectly beautiful. He re-erected the temples in the various provinces of the kingdom of Champā. He gave all the necessary articles for the worship of the god with the servants of temples, dancers, musicians . . . . . and all the worship as before. He re-established the śalās, the cells, and the hermitages in the various provinces of the kingdom of Champā . . . . . He constructed the śalās, he constructed . . . . . he gave . . . . . to the different temples. He gave water and food to the different temples to last as long as eternity. But this is only briefly told. And.........the good work which the yuvarāja has made for . . . . . in the temple of Śrī Vijaya Siṃheśvara.
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No. 62.
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Myson Stelae Inscription dated 1003.
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The inscription was edited by M. Finot (B. E. F., Vol. IV, p. 933, No. XII) (For localities cf. No. 4). It is engraved on the four faces of a stelae containing respectively 25, 27, 27 and 28 lines. The first 20 lines (in the first face) are in Sanskrit. The rest is in Cham. The Sanskrit portion is written throughout in verse with the exception of ‘Śrī svasti’ at the commencement. The metres used are: vv. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, Śārdūlavikrīḍita; vv. 3, 7, Sragdharā.
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The inscription records the donations of king Harivarmā and is dated 1003 (= 1081 A. D.).
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TEXT.
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(a).
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श्री स्वस्ति ।
1. जोषाजोषविजो ◡ ◡ ◡ ◡ — — ज्वलीति स्थितो
— — — ◡ चेप्यया विविधातां स्वां वक्तुकामोगते ।
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लीलां साम्य ◡ ◡ — सुविदुषि स्वान्तेन तत्राक्षरं सूक्ष्मात्तेन¹ परितरन्ति तमपि — — नमद्वचं शिवम् ॥ II. प्रालेयेश्वरधर्मराजविदितो यो नारिकेळान्वियो दायादः क्रमुकान्वये जनितवानासीन्नरेन्द्रानतं । तद्वत्सो हरिवर्मदेव नृपतिः क्षमाभृदवतस्थोरसि चम्पादोषगणाञ्घान स कलौ चौव्यां पुपोष²श्वरः ॥ III. शास्त्रे शास्त्रेऽधिको वाकपतिरिव हि रणे माधवो यो यथारं सत्कान्तौ कामतुल्यो बहुमुखसुविधाविन्द्ररूपोपमानः । ज्ञाने शंभूपमेयस्सरसिजसमोऽनेकसर्गै विदग्धो वाक्प्रीतौ सद्गुणौघेऽनुपमितसुमतिश्चम्पपस्सोऽधिकोभूः ॥ IV. तस्माच्छ्रीहरिवर्मभूपगुणघेस्सत्सूरयः शालिपनो नानाज्ञानविदोपि नर्त्तकुशलस्सत्सर्व्वायुधाभ्यासकाः । सर्वे सद्गुणिनो विदग्धपटवो गीतादयश्शूरका नित्यन्नो स्वगुणं वदन्ति फणिनः कुर्वन्ति भीता यथा ॥ V. कामादीननिशं हृदि प्रतिदहद् सद्भिर्विवेकौदयैः पाश्चाद् वैरिगणात् बलेन महतां यदमुखे नित्यशः । जित्वा योगविदग्धयोगपरमैस्सत्कर्मपुण्यैस्सदा युक्तश्च्छ्रीहरिवर्मदेव नृपतिः प्राप्नोति धीमद्धृदि ॥ VI. कोशं सुवर्णमयं मणीन्द्ररचितं प्रौढं प्रभालङ्कृतं यद्वद् भास्करमेव भास्वरमिदं नाहर्निशन् सत्त्रिया । प्रेह्रद्दल मरीचिराशि विमलं युक्तश्चतुर्भिर्मुखै- र्भक्त्यादाद् हरिवर्मदेव नृपतिश्श्रीशानभद्रेश्वरे ॥ VII. वेलापर्यायधावाल्लळितजितनिशाकारतीक्ष्णांशुशर्मी आशानामास्यदीपैरुदधिमणिमुखैः कालधौतात्मकोशं । कृत्वा पराद्ध्र्यधर्मी प्रगुणधिपणयादादरन् सर्वकोशैः बाहुव्योमान्तरीक्षग्रहगतिलवने यशिवेशानलिङ्गे ॥
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¹ Read चेण.
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² Read पुणेश°.
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Hail!
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I . . . . . Bow down to Śiva.
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II. The king called Prāleyeśvara Dharmarāja of the family of Nārikela (cocoanut), who begat an heir, docile to him, in the family of Kramuka (betelnut), had a son king Harivarmadeva who, with a heart filled with devotion to royal duties, removed the multitude of defects of Champā, and even in this Kali age, prospered in the world without decay.
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III. He, the protector of Champā, was versed in all the śāstras like Bṛhaspati; valorous in battle like Mādhava; beautiful like Kāma (Cupid); comparable to Indra in the number of sacrifices successfully performed; learned like Śambhu; and skilful in various creations like Brahmā. He excelled in respect of charming words, and the multitude of good qualities, and his excellent character was incomparable (to anything).
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IV. The good scholars, the artists, men versed in different branches of learning, those who are skilful in dancing, those who know the use of all arms, all meritorious, wise and skilful persons, the musicians¹ and others, and valorous, persons, behaved like serpents smitten with fear, and did not speak out their own qualities in the presence of king Harivarmā, himself a repository of all good qualities.
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¹ The original has ‘गीतादय:’ which is unintelligible in the context but apparently means ‘musician’.
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V. Constantly burning the sensual and other passions in his heart by good promptings of conscience, and then utterly defeating every day the hosts of enemies by superior power,¹ the intelligent² king Śrī Harivarmadeva prospers by virtue of his meritorious deeds which attained their excellence as a result of his constant contact with persons proficient in *yoga*.
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¹ The word ‘yadmukhe’ is unintelligible. ‘yat’ may be explained as denoting the ‘cause’ and ‘mukhe’ may mean ‘at first’. The word may be ‘युध्+मुख:’.
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² The original has ‘धीमन्’ which should be ‘धीमान्’.
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VI. King Harivarmadeva gave, out of devotion to Śrīśānabhadreśvara, a golden kośa decorated with best jewels, grand, resplendent and verily like the Sun—the latter, however, does not shine day and night—brilliant with the sparkling rays of the jewels and adorned with four faces.
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VII. In course of time³ having made a kośa of gold, more beautiful than the Sun and the Moon, with faces decorated by gems of the sea, as if they were lamps for the regions,—the king, endowed with sublime qualities, being guided by his superior intelligence, gave it like other kośas to Śiveśānalinga who had as sculptors ‘the arms, sky, atmosphere and the moon’ (*i. e.* which was made in the year 1002).
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³ The expression ‘velāparyāyādhavāl’ is not quite clear to me.
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( Cham ) The temple of Īśānabhadra had been devastated and taken . . . . . The Yuvarāja ordered the people of Siṃhapura⁴ . . . . . to construct the temples, to build the houses, to make perpetual sacrifices, to re-erect the chapels and to re-construct the roads, all as before. He made . . . . . without cessation. He gave the following goods viz. male and female servants, the śarīra (statue ?) of Maheśvara, and all other necessary articles, to the god Śrīśānabhadreśvara and made him as prosperous as before. His Highness applies himself . . . . . body, words and heart.
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⁴ It might also mean “The Yuvarāja named Siṃhapura.”
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(b-d).
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Fortune ! There was a king called His Majesty Harivarmadeva, prince Thān . . . . . yān Viṣṇumūrti, born in the betelnut (Kramuka) clan, an eminent race in the kingdom of Champā. He had the 32 signs as well as grace and beauty. He was fully endowed with all the qualities viz. the knowledge of 64 kalās (arts). He knew and practised the four expedients viz. conciliation (sāma), gifts (dāna), discord (bheda) and chastisement (daṇḍa). He possessed the capacity . . . . . the intelligence, the capacity for all enterprises and the rules about what is good and bad. He maintained all the 18 titles of law and the uniformity (of procedure ?). He acted like visible Dharma in this world. He was powerful and merciful towards all the beings. He made pious works and gave gifts day and night without cessation. He was skilled in all the weapons and was heroic and energetic. He has dispersed the hostile troops in the field of battle as many as twelve times. He has cut off the heads of kings, generals, chiefs and other men in the field of battle . . . . . nine times. He defeated the troops of Cambodge at Someśvara and captured the prince Śrī Nandanavarmadeva who commanded the army as Senāpati (commander-in-chief). And he has re-established the edifices and the city of Champā during the troublesome days of the war. And the city of Champā and all the edifices were enriched, as if by nature, and freshly decorated. And he enjoyed all the royal felicities. Knowing that the god Śrīśānabhadreśvara is the visible god Parameśvara in the world, and seeing Śrīśanabhadreśvara despoiled of all his possessions at the end of the war, he came to worship the god with a pious heart, and gave him all the booty taken at Someśvara and various objects viz. a golden kośa, decorated with four faces . . . . . set with all kinds of jewels. And he has given . . . . . an ornament. And he has given a diadem decorated with jewels, two necklaces, 4 kamī, 2 kalaśa (pitchers) of gold, 2 vrah kalaśa (pitchers ?) of gold, 8 vrah kalaśa of silver, 4 suvauk . . . . . , 8 suvauk of silver, 8 . . . . . of silver, 8 tapanah of silver, 3 tralāy of silver, 2 sunraun of silver, 4 paligah of silver, 2 boxes of silver, 2 von of silver, one mayur (peacock ?) of gold, one mayur (peacock ?) of silver, one harrai of gold, one harrai of silver, 2 tralāi . . . . . , one paligah languv, one lusun of sandalwood, one head of sandalwood. And he has given men of different kinds viz . . . . . about a hundred male and female servants, oxen, buffaloes, elephants, and various kinds of goods to the god Śrīśanabhadreśvara, in śaka 1002.
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And His Majesty Śrī Harivarmadeva, yān Mādhava-mūrti . . . . . And he saw that the pu lyan Śrī Rājadvāra, his eldest son, of illustrious race, had all the royal marks, complete with the Grahas (?), for governing the kingdom of Champā. Then he ordered virtuous persons to celebrate the coronation of pu lyan Śrī Rājadvāra. They gave him the name of yān po ku Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva. Now, at the time when pu lyan Rājadvāra took over the government of the kingdom, he was only a boy of nine years. Then the generals and all the soldiers . . . . . to . . . . . Śrī Harivarmadeva . . . . . The people offered the authority to his son . . . . . Then he practised of his own accord spiritual exercises (dhyāna-yoga) and worship of Śiva. Constantly engaged in these spiritual exercises, he died in śaka 1103.¹ Then all the females of the household, the princesses, the various mé lyañ to the number of fourteen, followed him to death. Now . . . . . the bones remaining . . . . . persons dead, in the sea . . . . . Those who . . . . . this destruction, faithful, affectionate, lived always doing good works for his sake.
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¹ Read 1003.
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Hail! There is a yuvarāja named On Dhanapati-Grāma. He went to Cambodge. The king of Cambodge welcomed him and gave him all kinds of goods. The yuvarāja lived at Cambodge. The king of Cambodge learnt that the town Malyañ had revolted. He ordered the yuvarāja to lead the troops of Cambodge and retake the town on his behalf......... all the . . . . . Humā Padān joined the revolt . . . . . The king of Cambodge commanded the yuvarāja to lead the troops of Cambodge, to take the town and to occupy it on behalf of the king of Cambodge. The king Sūryavarmadeva revolted against the king of Cambodge. The latter commanded the yuvarāja to lead the troops of Cambodge and capture the king. Then the putau Ājñā ku revolted. He conquered from Amarāvatī as far as Pidhyañ. The king of Cambodge commanded the yuvarāja to lead the troops of Cambodge and capture putau Ājñā po ku. He captured him and sent him to Cambodge according to the desire of the king. The king (of Cambodge, pleased at) the valour of yuvarāja, bestowed favours on him and gave him . . . . . putra (the title of Rājaputra ?). Truly the men of Champā lived . . . . . The yuvarāja Mahādharma . . . . . knowing that the god Śrīśānabhadreśvara, who is a portion of god Parameśvara, grants favours and fulfilment of desires to people always devoted to the god . . . . .