Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East (Vol. I: Champa; Vol. II: Suvarnadvipa) v1.c9.s55: No 65. Myson stone slab inscription of Jaya Indravarman II dated 1010 Ś

Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East (Vol. I: Champā; Vol. II: Suvarṇadvīpa) v1.c9.s55

Language: English

No 65. Myson stone slab inscription of Jaya Indravarman II dated 1010 Ś

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The inscription was edited by M. Finot (B. E. F., Vol. IV, p. 946, No. XVI). It is engraved on three faces of a sand-stone slab containing 92 lines of writing. The language is Cham.

The first part refers itself to the reign of Paramabodhisatva and the second is dated in 1010 Śaka during the reign of Jaya Indravarman, son of Harivarman. The inscription contains an interesting account of the political history of the time and records the donations of king Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva to the god Bhadreśvara, in 1010 (= 1088 A. D.).

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TRANSLATION.

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Fortune! There is (king) His Majesty Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva, prince Vāk, son of His Majesty Śrī Harivarmadeva, prince Thāṅ . . . . . He reigned about a month. Then as Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva was very young, did not know what was good or bad in the government of the kingdom and made everything contrary to the rules of government, Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva with all the generals, Brāhmaṇs, astrologers, learned men, masters of ceremonies and the wives of Śrī Harivarmadeva, searched for a prince to govern the kingdom. Now they found that pu lyaṅ Śrī Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati prince Pāṅ, uncle of Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva and younger brother of Śrī Harivarmadeva had all the marks of a Mahārāja, according to the canon, of ‘rājacakravartin’ and that he had the knowledge of the good and the bad, and possessed a sense of duty, liberality, truthfulness, and compassion towards all beings without any partiality, in the government. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva, nephew of pu lyaṅ Śrī Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati, with the Brāhmaṇs, Kṣatriyas, Paṇḍits, astrologers, masters of ceremonies, with all the ladies, carrying one or more several precious objects (!) and the royal insignia went to pu lyaṅ Śrī Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati and made him king. Śrī Paramabodhisatva ruled properly. And all the senāpatis Brāhmaṇs, Paṇḍits, astrologers, masters of ceremonies......... skilful . . . . . gave to Śrī Paramabodhisatva . . . . .

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And His Majesty Śrī Paramabodhisatva, possessed of great virtue, knew the supreme end . . . . . all the people . . . . . in times of distress; all the different kings . . . . . give according to the inferior, middle and superior quality. And Śrī Paramabodhisatva gave bounties to the senāpatis and to all the people of the country of Champā. And an uninterrupted bliss reigned as before. And Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva prince Vāk, nephew of Śrī Paramabodhisatva . . . . . riches, comfort and pleasure according to his will. And Śrī Paramabodhisatva governed the kingdom of Champā......... And Śrī Paramabodhisatva constantly practised Dharma with all his relations.

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Fortune! There is a king His Majesty Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva, Paramarājādhirāja. His birth-place is the *lamvin* of Champāpura. He belongs to an illustrious family pure on both the father's and mother's side. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva is possessed of 32 signs. He is endowed with grace, beauty, youth and ability. He is skilful, full of good qualities, possessed of innate courage, versed in all the arms, and of great strength. He always disperses the hostile troops. He knows the supreme truth and the absolute reality without egotism. He possesses the calm of heart, the compassion towards all the creatures, great liberality, patience and profound intelligence. He impartially pursued the three objects (*trivargga*), wealth (*artha*), virtue (*dharma*) and pleasure (*kāma*), without showing preference to any. He follows the four expedients *viz.* conciliation (*Sāma*), gifts (*dāna*), discord (*bheda*) and bribery (*upapradāna*) with respect to the enemies, the friends and the neutrals. He routed the six enemies *viz.* sensual passions (*kāma*), anger (*krodha*), covetousness (*lobha*), infatuation (*moha*), pride (*mada*) and malice (*mātsarya*). He knew the true import of the sixfold measures of the royal policy (*Ṣaḍguṇyābhiprāya*)¹. He followed the eighteen titles of law prescribed by Manu (*Manumārgga*)². Even in the Kali age, he who is a Mahāpuruṣa enjoys the royal power with a unique quality (*guṇa*). Although Kali leads people to error and pride, he . . . . . the spiritual exercises (*yoga*), the meditation (*dhyāna*), the concentration (*samādhi*), in view of the spiritual merit which results from good or bad done to others, and from proper and improper acts. He increased his glory . . . . . both in this world and in the other. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva is full of these qualities and he enjoyed the royal power. And he knows that the body and its pleasures are ephemeral. He entirely relies upon efforts, spiritual exercises, meditation and concentration. He practises the virtue constantly and thoroughly.

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¹ Finot takes it in the sense of ‘Six good opinions’ or ‘six systems of philosophy.’ But cf. Kautilya Arthaśāstra Book VII, Chap. I, entitled षाड्गुण्यसमुदेशः.

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² Finot translates ‘ways of men’.

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Now this city of Champā was ruined and destroyed . . . . . His Majesty Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva yān Devatāmūrti has reconstructed the town . . . . . completely . . . . . till she was beautiful and prosperous as before. He has given a monastery to Śrī Indralokeśvara in the district (vijaya) of Tranul; he has given all the revenues to the god. And for all the various divinities, he has dedicated in their temples, gold and silver kośa, and faces and diadems of gold. He has given men, oxen, buffaloes, with all the utensils for the worship of these divinities. And all the temples of these divinities are prosperous, beautiful, and honoured as before. People of all the four castes Brāhmaṇs, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas and Śūdras are all happy . . . . . in the presence of His Majesty Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva as the lotus and the water-lily in the presence of the Sun and the moon.

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His Majesty Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva, knowing that the god Bhadreśvara is the master of all things visible in the world has made a golden kośa of six faces, ornamented with serpents (nāgas) and decorated with coloured jewels fixed at sharp points in the diadem. And what is called Ūrdhvakośa is in magnificent gold, provided with a base (ādhāra) below, and the jewel Sūryakānti at the top of the diadem. The face turned to the east has a ruby, . . . . .

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at the top of the diadem, and the ornament *nāgarāja*. The faces turned to the north-east and the south-east have a sapphire in the eye of Nāga-rāja and at the top of the diadem. The face turned towards the south has a ruby...... at the top of the diadem. The face turned towards the west has a topaz at the top of the diadem. The face turned towards the north has a pearl (? *uttaratna*). The golden *kośa* has 314 *thil* 9 *dram* . . . . . of gold. The six faces with the diadems, the *nāgarāja* below, and the *ādhāra* *Ūrddhvamukha* weigh 136 *thil*; in all 450 *thei* 9 *dram*. In the year of the śaka king 1010.

Cites (1)

Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit