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The Vakataka–Gupta Age (circa 200–550 A.D.) c22: Chapter V

The Vākāṭaka–Gupta Age (circa 200–550 A.D.) c22

Language
English

Chapter V

c22.1

THE VĀKĀṬAKAS

c22.2

LIST OF INSCRIPTIONS (CHAPTERS II, III and V)

c22.3

Abbreviations :-B-Buddhist. Br-Brahmanical. C-Cave. CII-Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. CP.-Copper-plate. P-Pillar. R.Y. Regnal year. S-Stone. Ś.E.-Śaka Era. V.E.-Vikrama Era.

c22.4

MĀLAVAS AND YAUDHEYAS

c22.5

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 1. | 282 V.E. | Nandsa Yūpa | *EI.* XXVI |
| 2. | 428 V.E. | Bijaygadh Yūpa | *CII.* III, 251. |

c22.6

MAUKHARIS OF BADVA

c22.7

| 1. | 295 V.E. | Badva Yūpa | *EI.* XXIII, 42. |
| 2. | — | Badva Yūpa | *EI.* XXIV, 251. |

c22.8

MAGHA KINGS

c22.9

The era is assumed to be the Śaka era; for other views see Chap. II.

c22.10

BHĪMASENA

c22.11

| 1. | 52 Ś.E. | Ginja | *EI.* III, 306. |

c22.12

BHADRA-MAGHA

c22.13

| 2. | 81 Ś.E. | Kosam-S | *EI.* XXIV., 253. |
| 3. | 86 Ś.E. | Kosam-S | *EI.* XVIII, 160. |
| 4. | 87 Ś.E. | Allahabad Museum | *EI.* XXIII, 245. |

c22.14

ŚIVA-MAGHA

c22.15

| 5. | — | Kosam-S | *EI.* XVIII, 159. |

c22.16

VAIŚRAVANA

c22.17

| 6. | 107 Ś.E. | Kosam-S | *EI.* XXIV, 146. |

c22.18

BHĪMA-VARMAN

c22.19

| 7. | 130 Ś.E. | Kosam-B | *IC.* III, 177. |

c22.20

WESTERN KSHATRAPAS

c22.21

RUDRA-DAMAN I

c22.22

| 1. | 72 Ś.E. | Junagadh-S | *EI.* VIII, 36. |

c22.23

JIVA-DAMAN I

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| 2. | | Junagadh-S | *EI.* XVIII, 339. |

c22.25

RUDRA-SIMHA I

c22.26

| 3. | 103 Ś.E. | Gunda-S | *EI.* XVI, 233. |
| 4. | — | Junagadh | *EI.* XVI, 239. |

c22.27

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 5. | 122 Ś.E. | Mulwasar | *Bhavnagar Inscr.* p. 2. |
| 6. | 127(6?) Ś.E. | Jasdan—P | *EI.* XVI, 236. |

c22.28

RUDRA-SIMHA II

c22.29

| 7. | 228 Ś.E. | Watson Museum | *Watson Museum Report* for 1919-20, p. 7. |
| 8. | 232 Ś.E. | Mulwasar—S | *Bhavnagar Inscr.* p. 23. |

c22.30

ŚAKA SRIDHARA-VARMAN

c22.31

| 9. | 241 Ś.E.(?) | Sanchi Museum—S | *JASB.* XIX, 341. |

c22.32

A DISTANT DESCENDANT OF CHASHTANA

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| 10. | — | Mewasa—S | *Watson Museum Report* for 1923-4, p. 12. |

c22.34

MAHADEVI PRABHUDAMA

c22.35

| 11. | — | Basarh clay seal | *ASIR.* 1913-4, p. 136. |

c22.36

VĀKĀṬAKAS—MAIN BRANCH

c22.37

RUDRA-SENA I

c22.38

| I. | — | Deotek—Br | *POC.* VIII, 613. |

c22.39

PRITHVI-SHENA I

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| 2. | — | Nachne-ki-Talai—S | *CII.* III, 234. |
| 3. | — | Ganj—S | *EI.* XVII, 13. |

c22.41

PRABHĀVATĪ-GUPTA AND THE HEIR-APPARENT DIVĀKARA-SENA

c22.42

| 4. | 13 R. Y. | Poona—CP. | *EI.* XV, 30. |

c22.43

PRAVARA-SENA II

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| 5. | 2 R. Y. | Kothuraka—CP. | *EI.* XXVI, 155. |
| 6. | 13 R. Y. | Belora—CP. | *EI.* XXIV, 265. |
| 7. | 18 R. Y. | Chammak—CP. | *CII.* III, 236. |
| 8. | 18 R. Y. | Siwani—CP. | *CII.* III, 243. |
| 9. | 19 R. Y. | Riddhapur—CP. | *JASB.* XX, 56. |
| 10. | 23 R. Y. | Indore—CP. | *EI.* XXIV, 52. |
| 11. | 23 R. Y. | Dudia—CP. | *EI.* III, 258. |
| 12. | 23 R. Y. | Tirodi—CP. | *EI.* XXII, 167. |
| 13. | 27 R. Y. | Pattana—CP. | *EI.* XXIII, 81. |
| 14. | — | Belora—CP. | *EI.* XXIV, 260. |
| 15. | — | Patna Museum—CP. | *JBORS*, XIV, 465. |
| 16. | — | Mansar—CP. | *Nagpur University Journal*, No. 3, p. 20. |

c22.45

PRITHVI-SHENA II

c22.46

| 17. | — | Balaghat—CP. | *EI.* IX, 267. |

c22.47

NAME OF THE KING LOST

c22.48

| 18. | — | Drug—CP. | *EI.* XXII, 207. |

c22.49

A PRIVATE VĀKĀTAKA RECORD

c22.50

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 19. | — | Amaraoti—S | *EI.* XV, 267. |

c22.51

VĀKĀTAKAS—BASIM BRANCH

c22.52

VINDHYAŚAKTI II

c22.53

| 1. | 37 R | Basim—CP. | *EI.* XXVI, 137. |

c22.54

DEVA-SENA

c22.55

| 2. | — | India Office—CP. | *NIA.* II, 176. |

c22.56

HARI-SHENA

c22.57

| 3. | — | Ajanta—C. | Hyd. Ar. S. XIV. |
| 4. | — | Ghatotkacha—C. | *ASWI.* IV, 138. |

c22.58

NAME UNKNOWN

c22.59

| 5. | — | Ajanta—C. | *ASWI.* IV, 129. |

c22.60

NALA DYNASTY

c22.61

BHAVATTA-VARMAN

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| 1. | 11 R. Y. | Rithpur—CP. | *EI.* XIX, 100. |

c22.63

SKANDA-VARMAN

c22.64

| 2. | 12 R. Y. | Podagadh—S | *EI.* XXI, 153. |

c22.65

ĀBHIRAS AND TRAIKŪṬAKAS

c22.66

ABHIRA KING IŚVARA-SENA

c22.67

| 1. | 9 R. Y. | Nasik | *EI.* VIII, 88. |

c22.68

TRAIKUTAKA KING DAHARA-SENA

c22.69

| 2. | 207 Chedi era | Pardi—CP. | *EI.* X, 51. |

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TRAIKUTAKA KING VYAGHRA-SENA

c22.71

| 3. | 241 ” | Surat—CP. | *EI.* XI, 219. |
| 4. | 245 ” | Kanheri—CP. B. | *JBBRAS.* V, 32. |

c22.72

CONNECTED INSCRIPTIONS

c22.73

BHARA KING BHAGADATTA

c22.74

| 1. | — | Pauni—S | *EI.* XXIV, 11. |

c22.75

KING SIVANANDI

c22.76

| 2. | — | Padam Pawaya—S | *ASIR.* 1915-6, p. 107. |

c22.77

¹ Fleet, J. F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Vol. III (Inscriptions of the Early Gupta kings and their Successors). Calcutta, 1888.

c22.78

² Sircar D. C. Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and

c22.79

CHAPTERS VI—XI

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A. ORIGINAL SOURCES

c22.81

I. Inscriptions

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Civilisation. Calcutta, 1943. A complete list of inscriptions bearing on the history of this period is given at the end of this bibliography. Important articles concerning their interpretation are given under ‘References’ against each.

c22.83

II. Coins

c22.84

1. Allan, J. Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasties and of Śaśāṅka king of Gauḍa (in the British Museum). London, 1914.
2. Smith, V. A. Catalogue of Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Vol. I. Oxford, 1906.
3. V. A. Smith's articles on the Gupta Coinage (JRAS. 1889, pp. 1-158 ; JRAS. 1893, pp. 77-148 ; and JASB. LXIII, 164-209), though somewhat out of date, may still be consulted with advantage.

c22.85

III. Traveller's Accounts and Foreign Works

c22.86

1. Beal, S. Si-yu-ki Buddhist Records of the Western World, tr. from the Chinese Hiuen Tsang. 2 Vols. London, 1906.
2. ————— Life of Hiuen Tsang by the Shaman Hwui-li. London, 1911.
3. Chavannes, E. Mémoire Compose a l'époque de la grande dynasties T'an sur les Religieux Eminents qui allerent chercher a loi dans les pays d'Occident, par I-tsing. Paris, 1894. A summary of this work, in English, is given in the Introduction of Beal's tr. of Life of Hiuen Tsang).
4. Legge, J. H. Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms, being an account of the Chinese monk Fa-hien's Travels. Oxford, 1886.
5. Takakusu, J. A. Record of the Buddhist Religion as practised in India and the Malay Archipelago, by I-tsing. Oxford, 1896.
6. Watters, T. On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India. 2 vols. London, 1908.

c22.87

IV. Literary Works

c22.88

1. Āryamañjuśrīmūlakalpa, ed. by T. Ganapati Sastri. Vol. III. Trivandrum, 1925.
2. Devi-Chandragupta.
3. Kaumudimahotsava.
4. Pargiter, F. E. Dynasties of the Kali Age. Oxford, 1913.

c22.89

B. MODERN WORKS

c22.90

I. Historical Texts

c22.91

1. Banerji, R. D. Age of the Imperial Guptas. Banaras, 1933.
2. Basak, R. G. History of Northern-Eastern India. Calcutta, 1934.
3. Dandekar, R. N. History of the Guptas. Poona, 1941.
4. Jayaswal, K. P. History of India, 150-350 A.D. Lahore, 1933.
5. ————— Imperial History of India, Lahore, 1934.
6. Raychaudhuri, H. C. Political History of Ancient India (4th ed.). Calcutta, 1938.
7. Saletore, R. N. Life in the Gupta Age. Bombay, 1943.
8. Smith, V. A. Early History of India (4th ed.). Oxford, 1924.
9. Upadhyaya, B. Gupta Sāmrājyakā Itihās (in Hindi). 2 vols. Allahabad, 1939.

c22.92

The books of Jayaswal and Saletore are of little use. Most of Jayaswal's theories have been rejected by scholars and Saletore's chapters on Political history are full of mistakes. The best treatment of the Gupta period will be found in Dr. Raychaudhuri's book. The two works by R. D. Banerji and R. N. Dandekar contain useful information, but are less reliable in respect of details.

c22.93

II. Select Articles

c22.94

1. Aiyangar, S. K. Studies in Gupta History (published as Supplements to *JIH*. V & VI).
2. Altekar, A. S. Attribution of Chandragupta-Kumāradevī type (*Num. Suppl*. XLVII, 105—*JRASBL*. III). Calcutta, 1937.
3. Bhandarkar, D. R. Identification of the Princes and Territories mentioned in the Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta (*IHQ*. I, 250).
4. Bose, S. K. Studies in Gupta Palaeography (*IC*. IV, 181, 325).
5. Das Gupta, N. N. On the Successors of Kumāragupta I (*B. C. Law Volume*, p. 617).
6. Ganguly, D. C. Early Home of the Imperial Guptas (*IHQ*. XIV, 532).
7. Heras, J. Relations between the Guptas, Kadambas and Vākāṭakas (*JBORS*. XII, 455).
8. Jayaswal, K. P. Kalki (*IA*. XLVI, 145).
9. Majumdar, R. C. Successors of Kumāragupta I (*JASB*. NS. XVII, 249).
10. Saraswati, S. K. Gold Coin of Buddhagupta (*IC*. I, 691-92).
11. Sen Gupta, P. C. Gupta Era (*JRASBL*. VIII, 41). Articles on the historical data of *Kaumudimahotsava* and *Devī Chandragupta* have been enumerated in footnotes.

c22.95

LIST OF GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS

c22.96

Abbreviations :—B—Buddhist Image. Br—Brahmanical Image. C—Cave CP.—Copper-plate. J—Jaina Image. P—Pillar. S—Stone. (Unless otherwise stated the year refers to the Gupta Era. The object on which the inscription is engraved is mentioned after the find-place.)

c22.97

SAMUDRA-GUPTA

c22.98

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 1. | 5 | Nālandā—CP. | } EI. XXV, 50 ; XXVI, 135. |
| 2. | 9 | Gaya—CP. | CII. III, 254 ; IC. X, 77 ; XI, 225. |
| 3. | — | Allahabad—P | CII. III, 1 ; IHQ. I, 250 ; JBORS. XVIII, 207 ; JRAS. 1935, p. 697 ; EI. XXII, 35. |
| 4. | — | Eran—S | CII. III, 18 ; JIH. XIV, 27 ; XIX, 27. |

c22.99

CHANDRA-GUPTA II

c22.100

| 5. | 61 | Mathura—P | EI. XXI, 1 ; IHQ. XVIII, 271 ; ABORI. XVIII, 166. |
| 6. | 82 | Udavagiri—C | CII. III, 21. |
| 7. | 88 | Gadhwa—S | CII. III, 36. |
| 8. | 93 | Sanchi—S | CII. III, 29. |
| 9. | — | Mathura—S | CII. III, 25. |
| 10. | — | Udayagiri—C | CII. III, 34. |
| 11. | — | Basarh Clay Seal (Govinda-gupta) | ASR. 1903-4, p. 107. |

c22.101

KUMARA-GUPTA I

c22.102

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 12. | 96 | Bilsad—P | *CII.* III, 42. |
| 13. | 98 | Gadhwa—S | *CII.* III, 40; cf. also pp. 264, 267. |
| 14. | 106 | Udayagiri—C | *CII.* III, 258. |
| 15. | 113 | Dhanaidaha—CP. | *EI.* XVIII, 347. |
| 16. | 113 | Mathura—J | *EI.* II, 210. |
| 17. | 116 | Tumain—S | *EI.* XXVI, 115. |
| 18. | 117 | Karamdanda—Br. | *EI.* X, 71. |
| 19. | 120 | Kulaikuri—CP. | *IHQ.* XIX, 12. |
| 20. | 124 | Damodarpur—CP. | *EI.* XV, 129. |
| 21. | 128 | Damodarpur—CP. | *EI.* XV, 132; XVII, 193. |
| 22. | 128 | Baigram—CP. | *EI.* XXI, 78. |
| 23. | 129 | Mankuwar—B | *CII.* III, 45. |
| 24. | — | Gadhwa—S | *CII.* III, 39. |
| 25. | — | Basarh Clay Seal (Ghaṭotkacha-gupta) | *ASR.* 1903-4, p. 107. |

c22.103

SKANDA-GUPTA

c22.104

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 26. | 136-8 | Junagadh Rock | *CII.* III, 56. |
| 27. | 141 | Kahaum—P | *CII.* III, 65. |
| 28. | 141 | Rewa—P | Summary of Papers (Part II) 12th Or. Conf. p. 39. |
| 29. | 146 | Indore—CP. | *CII.* III, 68. |
| 30. | — | Bhitari—P | *CII.* III, 52. |

c22.105

GOVINDA-GUPTA AND PRABHAKARA

c22.106

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 31. | V.S. 524 (467 A.D.) | Mandasor Fort Wall | *ASR.* 1922-3, p. 187. |

c22.107

NARASIMHA-GUPTA

c22.108

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 32. | — | Nālandā Clay Seal | *MASI.* No. 66, p. 65. |

c22.109

KUMARA-GUPTA II (OR III)

c22.110

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 33. | 154 | Sarnath—B | *ASR.* 1914-5, p. 124. |
| 34. | — | Bhitari Seal | *JASB.* LVIII, 89. |
| 35. | — | Nālandā Seal | *MASI.* No. 66, pp. 66-7; *IA.* XIX, 225. |

c22.111

BUDHA-GUPTA

c22.112

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 36. | 157 | Sarnath—B | *ASR.* 1914-5, p. 125. |
| 37. | 159 | Paharpur—CP. | *EI.* XX, 61. |
| 38. | 159 | Rajghat (Banares)—P. | *JRASBL*, XV, 5. |
| 39. | 163 | Damodarpur—CP | *EI.* XV, 134. |
| 40. | 165 | Eran—P | *CII.* III, 88. |
| 41. | — | Damodarpur—CP. | *EI.* XV 138; *IC.* V, 432. |
| 42. | — | Nālandā Seal | *MASI.* No. 66, p. 64; *IHQ.* XIX, 119, 272. |

c22.113

OTHER GUPTA KINGS

c22.114

| Serial No. | Year | Find-place | Reference |
| 42. | — | (Successor of Puru-gupta) Bihar—P | *CII.* III, 47; *JBORS.* XIX, 377; *IC.* X, 170. |

c22.115

| Serial No. | Year | Name of the King | Find-place | Reference |
| 43. | 169 | — | Nandanpur—CP. | *EI.* XXIII, 52. |
| 44. | — | Viṣṇu-gupta | Nālandā Seal | *EI.* XXVI, 235 ; *IHQ.* XIX, 119 |
| 45. | 188 | Vainya-gupta | Gunaighar—CP. | *IHQ.* VI, 40. |
| 46. | — | Vainya-gupta | Nalanda Seal | *MASI.* No. 66, p. 67 ; *IHQ.* XIX, 275. |
| 47. | 191 | Bhānu-gupta | Eran—P | *CII.* III, 91 ; *EI.* XXII, 16; *IHQ.* XIX, 143. |
| 48. | 224 | — | Damodarpur—CP. | *EI.* XV, 142 ; XVII, 193, fn. 1. |

c22.116

INSCRIPTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY RULERS AND DYNASTIES

c22.117

| 49. | 461(V.S.) | Nara-varman | Mandasor—S | *EI.* XII, 315; XIV, 371. |
| 50. | 474(V.S.) | Nara-varman | Bihar Kotra—S | *EI.* XXVI, 130 ; *JBORS.* XXIX, 127 |
| 51. | 480(V.S.) | Viśva-varman | Gangdhar—S | *CII.* III, 72. |
| 52. | 493 and 529(V.S.) | Bandhu-varman | Mandasor—S | *CII.* III, 79; *IC.* III 379; IV, 110, 262, 361; VI, 110, 339. S. K. Aiyangar Com. Vol., p. 69. |
| 53. | 156 | Hastin | Khoh—CP. | *CII.* III, 93. |
| 54. | 163 | Hastin | Khoh—CP. | *CII.* III, 100. |
| 55. | 170 | Hastin | ?—CP. | *Gyānodaya* III 358. |
| 56. | 191 | Hastin | Majhgawan—CP. | *CII.* III, 106 |
| 57. | 198 | Hastin | Navagram—CP. | *EI.* XXI, 124. |
| 58. | 199 | Saṁkṣobha | Betul—CP. | *EI.* VIII, 284. |
| 59. | 209 | Saṁkṣobha | Khoh—CP. | *CII.* III, 112. |
| 60. | — | Hastin and Sarvanātha | Bhumara—CP. | *CII.* III, 110; *IHQ.* XXI, 137. |
| 61. | 174 | Jayanātha | Karitalai—CP. | *CII.* III, 117. |
| 62. | 177 | Jayanātha | Khoh—CP. | *CII.* III, 121. |
| 63. | 191 | Sarvanātha | Sohaval—CP. | *EI.* XIX, 129. |
| 64. | 193 | Do. | Khoh—CP. | *CII.* III, 125. |
| 65. | 197 | Do. | Do. | *CII.* III, 132. |
| 66. | 214 | Do. | Do. | *CII.* III, 135. |
| 67. | — | Do. | Do. | *CII.* III, 129. |

c22.118

(For the era used in Nos. 61-66, cf. *EI.* XXIII, 171; Bh. List, p. 159 fn.)

c22.119

| 68. | — | Chandra | Meharauli—Iron P | *CII.* III, 139. |
| 69. | 1 (Regnal) | Toramāṇa | Eran—S | *CII.* III, 159. |
| 70. | 15 (Regnal) | Mihirakula | Gwalior—S | *CII.* III, 162. |
| 71. | — | Yaśodharman | Mandasor—P | } *CII.* III, 142, 150; *IA.* XVIII, 219; XX, 188. |
| 72. | 589(V.S.) | Yaśodharman | Mandasor—S | |

Cites (9)